tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86749295774630488272024-02-08T11:37:54.816-08:00Best extended essaysJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.comBlogger255125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-13212215163275038942020-08-27T22:07:00.001-07:002020-08-27T22:07:07.166-07:00Literacy Autobiography EssayI didn't originate from a family unit where perusing and composing was advanced, albeit both my folks were proficient. My inspiration to begin another family heritage originates from taking a gander at how my education aptitudes were framed. Growing up I can't recall when I started to compose. I do recollect my fourth grade instructor ââ¬Å"Ms. Pickering. I accomplished my school work, since I needed to. I don't recall a urgent second about composition. My folks outlook was itââ¬â¢s the schools occupation to show you how to peruse and compose. Looking back I ought to have started all the more perusing all alone, or been progressively intrigued, yet I wasnââ¬â¢t, I was stressed over baseball, soccer and afterward football. As I developed, my demeanor towards composing did, I was bad at it so I was shaky when I needed to compose. I thought it was an exercise in futility. I am not an English teacher (clearly) yet my composing started to improve when I was instructed how to make reports at work-plans, request records, stock sheets. At that point when messages turned into a greater piece of correspondence I would take a gander at how my manager would design their compositions and how the enormous supervisors would compose their lettersâ⬠¦ Did I learn legitimate composition, most likely not, however it was better than what I was doing previously. Thinking back I get it is corporate/email composing behavior. I am a moderate peruser, however I advise individuals I like to relish books! I never figured out how to understand quick, I begrudge individuals who can peruse a passage or page once, at times I should peruse a two sentence or section a few times to truly get it. Perusing has consistently been an errand to me. As I have kicked more seasoned I have off to really appreciate understanding more. I will peruse news on the web. I surmise I never had that fantasy educator or parent that lit the understanding fire. Perusing and composing is certainly not the consistent in my life, it doesn't fill my spirit, I truly wish I could state the inverse. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-10019600501628569762020-08-22T13:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T13:22:18.977-07:00Essay Writing Online - Dont Stop Writing!Essay Writing Online - Don't Stop Writing!As a writer who has been writing essays for over a decade, I can tell you that people are always amazed when they discover essay writing online. This is an area of writing that is vastly underrated by most. The reason it is so underrated is that most people just have no idea where to start, or how to go about it.I have had the opportunity to teach several classes on online essays. It's true, there are people who write excellent essays and make money doing it. However, for the vast majority of those who write online essays, they are not producing any income. This can be frustrating and discouraging, but the internet is here to stay, and over time this will change and online writing will become more popular.In the past, people did not want to take the time to write essays online. They would rather send in an essay form or short story. That is not going to change, as this is still a very popular form of writing. In fact, many colleges and univer sities now offer to write programs which allow students to take online courses on writing essays.One of the great things about writing online is that it allows you to be able to personalize your essay in a way that would not be possible in a traditional format. It also allows you to be able to utilize techniques and ideas that have not been used in a conventional format.Writing online is also beneficial for the people who do not have the time or patience to sit down at their computer and put words together. Those are exactly the people who need more help than others. It is these people who benefit the most from writing online.Writing online, in addition to the many benefits that come with it, it also allows you to earn some extra cash while you are still in school. Students are the main target of many online companies offering writing services. It is also a way for people to get the attention of the corporate world.There are literally hundreds of different kinds of websites online. Some of the ones that I have found are free, while others charge you some fee for use of their services. It really depends on what you are looking for, what kind of essay you are looking for, and how much you want to pay. As long as you do your research you should be able to find something for yourself that meets your needs.The next time you feel as though you are not getting the kind of writing you want done, just think about writing essays online. You will find that it is a fun, rewarding, and easy way to work. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-7376552034630888312020-08-21T11:04:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:04:16.181-07:00How Will I Enrich My Community free essay sampleI should abandon youthful into a practical citizen. That is a tall undertaking for an individual who is definitely not another robot. I am not the quickest talker or most brilliant mastermind, and I don't generally have a clue about the correct comments, yet I challenge you to discover a person with a superior disposition. Disgorging banalities isn't actually my style, yet on the off chance that I take a gander at a half vacant glass I will take it to the spigot and fill it to the edge. Over the late spring I helped mentor a seventh and eighth grade boyââ¬â¢s ball camp. Each mentor was relegated a group toward the start of the week and to be completely forthright, my group was not The Dream Teamâ⬠¦ but rather I saw potential. The very first moment was chaotic. Their basics were agonizing just as their perspectives. To be effective I realized I would need to support their certainty, so when I went one on one I would let them take me to the rack. We will compose a custom exposition test on By what means Will I Enrich My Community or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Presently I am not the best player, however it is difficult to lose when you are two feet taller than your adversary. In principle my arrangement appeared secure. That is until game time showed up. The initial two groups took care of us effortlessly and my young men were crushed. They would let me know, ââ¬Å"These folks are too huge for us.â⬠I attempted to keep their title trusts alive, yet it appeared to be about unimaginable. The following day was the ideal opportunity for plan B. The one thing my mentors consistently let me know was, ââ¬Å"Practice makes perfect.â⬠So that is the thing that we did. Pass, spill, shoot, protect, and bounce back; we rehearsed at each chance. By turning out to be better separately we would improve as a group. The following two days the group improved exponentially. Our record improved to three and three preceding the last day, the start of competition play. We were not the ideal group, however our newly discovered constancy and hard work ing attitude drove us to barely win the initial two games and get us into the title. Presently was a genuine test for our group. On paper we didnââ¬â¢t coordinate with our rival by any means. They were taller, quicker, and more grounded. It was a tight fight until the last whistle, yet shockingly at long last we had lost the title. I was anticipating that my group should by and by be crushed, however they were most certainly not. In spite of the fact that we had lost the game and were clearly disillusioned, each and every player in the group was glad for what they had achieved. These little fellows likely won't make it to the NBA as a result of me, however they learned significant life exercises that they can use to prevail in the public arena. What I realized is that despite the fact that I am not a quick talking, brilliant reasoning robotâ⬠¦ I will discover a way make my imprint. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-65374341900410505232020-05-26T06:56:00.001-07:002020-05-26T06:56:03.828-07:00Human Resources And Human Resource Development - 1600 Words Introduction Organizational change is one of the things that most organizations pass through as they develop over time. At times, the process of introducing change in the organizations is not always received well by most of the employees working in the organization (Poole Van, 2004). As such, this paper will look at some of the best entry points for organizational change, a summary of the similarities of the models used in carrying out he change process and reasons why implementing change is difficult. The paper will also address of the main reasons why people are resistant to change as well as the proper means of overcoming these obstacles. Reasons why those in human resource development positions are in a prime position to facilitate the change process There are a number of reasons why those in the human resource development positions are advantaged in the process of facilitating change in an organization. One of the reasons why this is so is founded on the fact that the human resource development takes a center role in carrying out development roles in an organization. The individuals do this by facilitating trainings that are considered to be of importance in any organization. Through these trainings, it gets easy to carry out any type of change that is important to the organization (Poole Van, 2004). Additionally, it is the human resource department that recruits new employees in an organization thus being in a position to use this as an avenue for carrying outShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Development1748 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman resource management entails managing recruitment, pla nning, and implementing a selection of organizational development training within the business. The goals that the HRM has is maximizing the productivity of the workplace by improving the effectiveness of their employees while at one time improving and treating the work life of employees as valuable resources. Human resources development: To encompasses the efforts to promote personal development, the companyââ¬â¢s employee satisfaction, andRead MoreHuman Resource Development2731 Words à |à 11 Pages1. Introduction of Study: Human Resource Development (HRD) at micro level or organizational level is a process by which employees of an organization are helped in systematic and continuous way to: Develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employees training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistanceRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Development Essay1023 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman resource development is a broadly used term that refers to the helping employees develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities (The Balance. N.p.). The term has different connotations as it may refer to development of human capacities with the aim raising profit in business but also, especially in developing countries, with the aim of achieving personal and societal advancement (Cengage Learning, 2016.). Human resource development can be used by both public organizationsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development976 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Diana Williams National American University Understanding the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Human resource management (HRM) is the umbrella under which all other human resource activities are found. Some of the major activities under the umbrella are: benefits and compensation, health safety and security, human resource planning, staffing, equal employmentRead MoreHuman Resource Development : Hrd1607 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman resource development well known as HRD, is a rough draft for helping employees mature their individual and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. Human Resource Development contains many opportunities for ââ¬Å"employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development.â⬠Human resources take the part of a vital role in developing a businessââ¬â¢sRead MoreHuman Resource Development7684 Words à |à 31 PagesResearch Article focuses on the analysis and resolution of managerial issues based on analytical and empirical studies. A Study of HRD Concepts, Structure of HRD Departments, and HRD Practices in India T V Rao, Raju Rao, and Taru Yadav Human Resource Development (HRD) as a function has evolved in India indigenously from the year 1975 when LarsenToubro (LT) conceptualized HRD as an integrated system and decided to separate it from the personnel function. Since then, most organizations have startedRead MoreHuman Resource Development : China1082 Words à |à 5 PagesThe emergence of Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China in the last two decades has been remarkable. This paper will analyse and review the procedures which led to human resource development (HRD) in China. Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China is the worldââ¬â¢s most populous nation with an abundance of manpower availability. The human resources in China were under-utilized because of many reasons. Since China got independence in 1949 till late 1970ââ¬â¢s, they followed a highly centralized economic planning system, unlike theRead MoreHuman Resource Planning And Development1444 Words à |à 6 PagesHuman resource is an important aspect in every organizatio n and none can exist without it. Therefore, the human resource department is charged with the role of hiring, training and development as well as payroll management among other staff related activities. The human resource objectives must be aligned with the overall organizationââ¬â¢s objectives in order to avoid conflict of interests. Consequently, it is important to develop a strategic plan which encompasses the various factors that are involvedRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources Development Essay882 Words à |à 4 PagesLeadership in Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) have strong associations to people based initiatives within an organization. Employee actions and behaviors are inï ¬âuenced by HRM practices such as stafï ¬ ng, evaluation of employees, and incentives or rewards, and HRD practices such as training and career development. HRM is tasked with making the best possible use of the organizations humanà resources, while HRD is an extension of HRM that focuses on the development of theRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words à |à 7 PagesReview ââ¬Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospectsâ⬠(Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management research and its Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-52804964006241481172020-05-15T13:31:00.001-07:002020-05-15T13:31:09.940-07:00A Brief Note On Balancing A College Life - 1426 Words Balancing a College Life Just when I thought I was done with one of the most stressful parts of my life, college happened and it got even more intense. School is stressful, but throw in an afterschool job and a social life, and studying is just hard to manage. Freshman year of college might be one of the most stressful years for students. The fact that they are living on their own for the first time is terrifying for most freshman. Parents are not there to do everything for them. It is a lot to handle when they are only eighteen. It takes a while to find a balance, but eventually they will find a solution. Everyone is different so there is a solution for everybody. It just depends on what kind of schedule he or she has. Students shouldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦After reading part of what the president of Colorado State University Campus said it helps to provide the first solution. The first solution is time management. Time management is something not everyone can perfect. There are adults today who still cannot manage their busy schedule. The best way to do this is to figure out what the students plan is for that particular day or week and figure when or where they need to be in order for them to make sure everything they need to do is done. This all starts with what time they have to get ready to begin their day. What time are they going to wake up? Do they need to make room for homework and studying? Do they have to go to work today? What else needs to be done? These questions should be asked in order to plan more efficiently. If they have an hour in between that could be used for eating, studying, or napping. If students are busy and have free time they should take advantage of it and try to get their homework done or study for an upcoming test or quiz. The second solution is learning how to multi-task. This is where students learn to be experts at doing multiple things at once. There is a right way to multi-task and a wrong way. The obvious wrong way would be driving while trying to finish breakfast, and study for a test that is scheduled for your first class. In order to properly multi-task students need to switch their focus constantly. The first thing students should do is make a to-do list. TheShow MoreRelatedPublic Education Has Negatively Affected Children1417 Words à |à 6 PagesIn his article for the National Review, Stanley Kurtz, who holds a Ph. D. in social anthropology from Harvard, recounts that the College Board has ââ¬Å"effectively set itself up as a national school boardâ⬠by replacing ââ¬Å"brief guidelines that once allowed states, school districts, and teachers to present U.S. history as they saw fitâ⬠. In nationalizing the curricula, the College Board has minimized the power of local school distri cts, teachers, and states. This total control by a single entity causes theRead MoreThe Importance Of A Early Brain Development Essay2180 Words à |à 9 Pagesresidential college for university students in a metropolitan setting, established in 1952. Much of what I discuss will be derived from personal observations and statements or statistics collated by the Dean . 168 students (89 females and 79 males) approximately aged from 17 to 26 years of age, each from differing backgrounds reside in this community. 16% of residents are international whilst 42% originate from interstate and approximately 20% speak native languages other than English. The college is operatedRead MoreAssess the Impact of Key Influences on the Personal Learning Processes on Own Learning.3399 Words à |à 14 Pagescoursework at college difficult due to noise and the distractions around me. Health problems can have a negative effect on me because if I was very physically ill, I would not have the energy to be a ble to do coursework. Also, if I was seriously ill and had to go to the hospital for treatment, I would have to miss out on college work unless someone brought it into the hospital for me. Family can also influence my learning. This is because family is one of the most important things in my life. My familyRead MoreJamie Turner at Mli, Inc. Harvard Business Brief Case6420 Words à |à 26 PagesTHOMAS MORE COLLEGE ACCELERATED DEGREE PROGRAM MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MGT-MBA 611: MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN Participant Module MBA Cohort 72 Rob Harris Eddie Ostriecher August 2012 Thomas More College MGT 611 Course structure and grading policies Course Description The goal of this course is to introduce students to the MBA program through the study of various instrumental techniques and management concepts. Students will learn writing and research requirementsRead More Universities Must Continue with the Race-sensitive Admissions Process3209 Words à |à 13 Pagesheadlines and public forums demand educational reform with growing frequency. Race-sensitive admissions policies are often at the center of these debates. For example, according to the Los Angeles Times on March 21, 2001, the Los Angeles Community College district trustees are scheduled to vote for a resolution to support the University of Californiaââ¬â¢s move to reinstate affirmative action in its admissions policies. This reinstatement has visible student support as seen in the March 15, 2001 ralliesRead MoreNew World Or Gattaca Style Dystopic Future Development Of Effective Prevention And Treatment Strategies For A Great3494 Words à |à 14 Pagesadvocates. I will begin with a brief overview of the traditional arguments in favor of reproductive liberty and a more permissive stance toward the use of genetic technology. This will include a discussion of autonomy as the underlying ethical principle at work, and the related focus on informed consent as both a guiding axiom and common target of criticism. The principle of beneficence is a crucial underlying assumption, which will be addressed along with the brief presentation of disability studiesRead MoreComparison and Contrast Essay7914 Words à |à 32 Pagesunderstand each part and complete all the practical exercises before moving into another part. By the end of the module, you should be able to put all the parts together for the final product ââ¬â a complete well-written comparison and contrast essay. NOTES â⬠¢ Make sure to use and/or consult all other sources suggested in the module to complement your writing skills (internet links, documents, references, and others). This is very important in order to achieve better results! â⬠¢ Make sure to complete theRead MoreHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA6273 Words à |à 26 PagesHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA COURSE OUTLINE 1. Concept and Rationale of History of education 2. A Brief History of Education in Ancient Greek and Roman Empire 3. African Indigenous System of Education/African Traditional Education 4. Islamic Education in Nigeria 5. Christian Missionary/Western Education in Nigeria 6. Nigerian Education Since 1960 THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION There seems to be no universally accepted definition of the word ââ¬Ëeducationââ¬â¢. But this is not peculiar with educationRead MoreExamination of the Newborn Essay5924 Words à |à 24 Pages1995, Hall, 1999) and also to identify any apparent physical abnormality (Buston and Durward 2001). However the question that we may wish to consider is ââ¬Ëwhat is normal in a neonatal who is undergoing major physiological adaptations to extra uterine life (Blackburn and Loper, 1993) ? How as midwives can we fulfil this expectation of norm, when there is, as Hall (1999) suggests no confirmation of normality available ? Nevertheless a thorough search of the literature suggests that the neonatal examinationRead MoreRestaurant Operation Management5805 Words à |à 24 Pageshave always been a significant part in our lives, as dining out is now a favourite and unavoidable social activity. Everyone likes to enjoy being surrounded with good food in the pleasant company of friends, which thu s making eat-out became a way of life for us as when can see more meals are eaten out than being taken at home. Having to realise the importance of this foodservice industry as it serves to fulfil one of the most basic needs in human being, all restaurants entrepreneurs are striving Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-12370479859315300582020-05-06T16:39:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:39:02.842-07:00The Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway. Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway is a modernist novel, which shows new techniques to express a different point of view with regard to the notion of time. It is not without importance to note that the novel has no chapter headings. Nevertheless it is immediately obvious that the interest of the novel is not only in the form but also in the content. The action takes place in a single day of June in 1923 and what is interesting in the structure of the book is that simultaneously with the story of this single day, time is constantly flowing from present to past or to future. These flashbacks constitute the major psychological moments of the novel, most of them being represented by the stream of consciousness technique. This essay will explain howâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(p.3; my emphasis) In a manner that she will sustain throughout the novel, the narrator conveys memory and present action to us simultaneously and ambiguously. Which she could hear now refers, ostensibly, to the squeak of the hinges at Bourton in Clarissas memory. Yet now implies the moment of her plunge into the street, suggesting a kind of reverie. The later phrase, for a girl of eighteen as she then was is similarly disorienting. It locates the time of Clarissas bursting open the windows of Bourton, but it also implies that, through her memory, she has become eighteen again. The then contrasts with the earlier now, but neither refers concretely to its own relative time. And finally, Clarissas thinking of Peter Walsh proves that the flow of thoughts is achronological, because she mixes the vision of him now and as he was thirty years before. Furthermore, she is allusive when she remembers what he said; she is trying to reconstruct the past. It must be admitted that this kind of memories are almost omnipresent throughout the novel and get mixed up with the present moment. However the most pertinent fact in these memories of Bourton is Clarissas refusal to marry Peter Walsh. She is constantly thinking of this. In the flow of her thoughts, Clarissa shows the difficulty of this choice: Now I remember how impossible it was ever to make up my mind - and why did I make up my mind - not to marry him, she wondered, that awfulShow MoreRelated The Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway Essay1603 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway We live in a consumer society consuming time. We use time to function smoothly but also to channel the direction of our lives. As a college student, I am constantly aware of time. I have a time frame for finishing my college career, as well as constant deadlines to meet. Daily, I divide my hours between my job, my studies, and my friends. In the midst of following external time, I strive for a balance with my internal time. My personalRead MoreComparing The Film And Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1244 Words à |à 5 PagesDespite the fact that suicides feature in both the film and Virginia Woolfââ¬â¢s novel Mrs Dalloway, both texts echo Woolfââ¬â¢s words from her 1922 diary: ââ¬ËI meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.ââ¬â¢ Both Woolfââ¬â¢s modernist 1925 novel and Daldryââ¬â¢s 2002 postmodernist film which has Mrs Dalloway as a pivotal point for its three interwoven stories can be seen as life-affirming texts ââ¬â with their major focu s on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrainedRead More The Social/Economic Upper-Class in England in Mrs. Dalloway, Sense and Sensibility, and The Picture of Dorian Gray1383 Words à |à 6 PagesEngland in Virginia Woolfââ¬â¢s Mrs. Dalloway, Jane Austenââ¬â¢s Sense and Sensibility, and Oscar Wildeââ¬â¢s The Picture of Dorian Gray are depicted through the charactersââ¬â¢ lifestyles, wealth, and behaviors. Woolf, Austen, and Wilde give insightful portrayals of the characters by emphasizing their social roles in the England society. Their portrayals of the characters suggest that they are critical of the upper-classââ¬â¢ factitious lifestyles. Members of Englandââ¬â¢s social/economic upper-class in Woolfââ¬â¢s, Austenââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Central Value Connecting Mrs. Dalloway And The Hours1037 Words à |à 5 Pages The central value connecting Mrs Dalloway and The Hours is an affirmation of life. Although suicides feature in both Stephen Daldryââ¬â¢s film and Virginia Woolfââ¬â¢s novel both texts echo Woolfââ¬â¢s words from her 1922 diary: ââ¬ËI meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.ââ¬â¢ Both Woolfââ¬â¢s modernist 1925 novel and Daldryââ¬â¢s 2002 postmodernist film focus on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrained by the contexts in which they live. The characters areRead MoreMrs. Dalloway Paper1209 Words à |à 5 PagesMrs. Dalloway Paper Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, was written in 1925, a time filled with many large changes to civilization. The book was written and set right after the biggest war human-kind can remember which killed millions of people, during the peak of industrialization which caused the mass production of items and created thousands of new inventions, while modernist arts and thoughts were growing and, and when national pride was very large for the citizens of the Allied countries in WorldRead MoreAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ãâ" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ãâ" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range ofRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an ââ¬Å"ordinaryâ⬠or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ââ¬Ëchaptersââ¬â¢ in order to give an ââ¬Å"ordinaryâ⬠portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words à |à 49 PagesThe Suicide of the Author and his Reincarnation in the Reader: Int ertextuality in The Hours by Michael Cunningham Andrea Wild In his novel The Hours, Michael Cunningham weaves a dazzling fabric of intertextual references to Virginia Woolfs works as well as to her biography. In this essay, I shall partly yield to the academic itch to tease out the manifold and sophisticated allusions to the numerous intertexts. My aim, however, is not to point out every single reference to Woolf and her works--suchRead MoreThe Great Divide By John Woolf And Forster s Howard s End 960 Words à |à 4 Pagespresent during the time in England on the cusp of High Modernism. The importance of connections with others was one that was specifically addressed in much of the literature. E.M. Forster even highlighted the idea in his novel ââ¬Å"Howardââ¬â¢s Endâ⬠with the epigraph ââ¬Å"only connectâ⬠. The idea supports the notion that, in order for a society to survive and thrive, some degree of connection must be adequately maintained. Yet, through the stratification of social classes in England at the time, there was littleRead MoreMrs Dalloway1427 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway Ãâ" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range of those Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-51464654566223748162020-05-05T19:43:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:43:23.964-07:00Economics Solutions Product Differentiation Question: Discuss about the Economics Solutions for Product Differentiation. Answer: Introduction: Product differentiation is the general marketing of products by creating minor variations from other products which are used by customers while making a choice. In economics or marketing, product differentiation is utilized in distinguishing a specific product from another which may be functionally same, but the differentiation helps in attracting customers which helps the firm gain economic profits. As a product becomes more attractive to the customers, if product differentiation is done effectively it can generate competitive advantage for the product because it becomes finer or unique in the eyes of the customers (Varian, 2010). Types and sources of product differentiation: Product differentiation can be of various types starting from just making changes in the styling or packaging of the product, to making changes in prices because of lower costs or changes in functional features of the product. The basic objective of such differentiation is to change the perspective of the customer towards a particular product compared to another product. There are generally three types of product differentiation namely: Simple, Horizontal and Vertical. Simple product differentiation is based on different characteristics. Horizontal and Vertical are opposites in nature where horizontal product differentiation is based on one single feature but the consumer cannot differentiate the product with higher quality whereas in case of vertical, it is also differentiation on the basis son one feature but the consumer can differentiate. Product differentiation arises from various sources. The main sources are: When the non-functional features of a product are highlighted in contrast to another product even though there functional features are same then that kind of a differentiation is called non-functional in nature. This can be done by bringing styling changes of the product, or its color, or with very unique advertising. Sometimes lower cost in the production of one product with the same functions of another helps the producer in offering a lower selling price which acts as a lower cost or pricing differentiation Differences based on location or time which creates a differentiation in availability of he product (Boundless Economics) When buyers overlook essential features or quality of the product it also creates a sort of differentiation Analysis Of Product Differentiation: Product differentiation also helps in creating brand loyalty towards a particular brand which is preferred particularly by customers because of its unique design or outlook. If a firm is successful in making the consumer highly desire the product then the demand for the product rises which helps the consumer sell at a higher price and hence brings in economic profits for the consumer. A good example for product differentiation can be the market for mobile phones like the differentiation strategies adopted by Apple to differentiate its very famous i-phone from other phones. Apple uses various product differentiation strategies to differentiate i-phone from other mobile phones. Such strategies involve both functional as well as non-functional and is very much evident that they have been successful in changing the perspective of consumers towards i-phone making it more attractive and highly demanded which in turn allows Apple to charge higher prices. Apple uses all kinds of non-pricing strategies through advertising, marketing, unique design, functional features being unique, etc. Apple being an imperfective competitive firm has been successful in creating competitive advantage (Hanks, 2016). It is very much common to ask that such imperfective firms can easily charge a lower price and take over the market but it wouldnt do something like that because it involves the decrease in profits due to lower revenues. How product differentiation help is through affecting the demand curve of the market. A firm gains some sort of pricing power in the market. With differentiation the firm makes the product more preferred by the customers and hence with price changes customers become less likely to divert away from the product thus making the demand curve more inelastic in nature. With inelastic demand curve the price rises at the same quantity making the firm earn more profits. As we see in the figure below for a firm in an imperfective competition the profit maximizing output is attained at price=marginal cost or P=MC. Hence, in part (a) of the figure we see that the demand curve is elastic. Profit maximizing output is Q as there P=MC and ATC which is the average total cost is below the average revenue curve which brings the firm economic profits (Pindyck et al, 2009). Now in the part (b) of the figure we see that the demand curve becomes steeper implying it becomes inelastic which raises the price further bringing the firm more profits at the same quantity of Q. The red shaded region the diagrams show the profit earned by the firm. Conclusion: Hence we see how product differentiation helps big firms attract more customers and gain profits in future. By making minuscule functional or non-functional features in styling, packaging or design of products, producer can make customers desire the product more, increasing the demand for product, making the demand curve inelastic and increasing the price which further increases the profits. Differentials In Wages Across Industries/Ocupations And Within Industries/Occupations Introduction: Wages are monetary compensations or the remuneration that the employer pays the employee on getting a job done. It can be some sort of gross or annual pay or including bonuses, commissions but excluding shift differentials or profit payments. Wages across individuals or occupations differ a lot. These wage differentials can be within the same industry whereas also can exist across the industries. It is comparatively easy for us to apply our common sense to realize that different occupations do have different wages as all individuals do not possess the same set of skills and credentials and labor demand and supply acts as a crucial component in fixing different wages of different occupations (Piana, 2001). But if we consider difference in wages of individuals within the same industry then economics concepts do not completely justify the phenomenon. This happens because when such wage differentials are considered then one has to distinguish two workers based on various other criteria which do not relate to economic concepts completely. Wages between two workers in the same occupation can be due to a number of reasons staring from the skill sets of each worker, their innate abilities, working conditions, geographical regions as well as human capital acquisition (Sowell, 2010). Types Of Wage Differentials: The top 5 cause of wage differentials are: Occupational differences: In this case occupations in an organization are very much different from each other based on skill requirements, period of employment requirements and extent of responsibility. Differences within occupations boost and challenge people to work harder to attain greater higher paying occupations by developing through high level education or training. For example the salary of a manager is higher than that of the junior officers or assistants because the manager has attained higher degree of education experience. Jobs with high skilled labor have more inelastic demand and supply curves compared to jobs with lower skilled labor (Sikder, 2006). This happens because high skilled laborers helps in bringing more profit for the organization and have high qualifications whereas low skilled workers do not have high qualification are many in number and with low marginal revenue product as they may not bring higher profits for the firm (Spaulding, 2016). As we see below t he demand and supply curves of higher skilled and low skilled workers with the former receiving higher wages than the latter. Inter-firm differentials: In the same area or occupation there can be wage differences in between different plants, etc. These differences are based on the quality of labor, labor market imperfections and equipment efficiency differences along with technological advancement, financial capability, size and age of firm, managerial efficiency, raw material availability, etc. Regional differences: Wages also differ between workers of the same occupation but different geographical areas. This happens because differences in working conditions, that are prevalent based on the different regions. Inter-industry differences: Workers of same occupation, same region but of different industries also face wage differentials. These wage differences occur because of the differences in skill requirements, nature of the product market, level of unionization, etc. Personal wage differences: Workers of same occupation can have difference in wages because of the difference in the personal characteristics of the workers. As reported by Elka Torpey in a report that in May 2014 the top earning 10% of athletes and sports competitors earned more than $187200 cutoff whereas the lowest earning 10% of athletes were seen to have annual wages even less than $20190 which is even sufficiently less than the median wage of $35540 for all in the occupations (Torpey, 2015). These differences are based on the innate abilities or skill sets of the workers which the worker may naturally possess or had gained expertise in being more efficient than the other workers. Compensating wage differentials: When jobs in the same industry differ as one asks for more risk taking or working for longer hours which pays the worker more than the one which does not have such requirements. This is in form of compensation to the worker. We know demand supply mechanisms in the labor market may give rise to occupational wage differentials as for certain occupation the demand may be much higher leading to higher prices whereas for some it may be lower leading to higher wages. The demand for labor is a derived demand in the sense that its demand is derived from the demand of the good or service the worker has expert skills in (Mankiw, 2007). Causes Giving Rise To Wage Differentials: We saw the types of wage differentials above and we see that there are many reasons which give rise to wage differentials and these maybe beyond the scope of economics. These reasons are: Qualifications or credentials: Individuals with higher educational degrees earn more than the ones not possessing such credentials. Experience: A workers experience is a crucial determinant of his wage. No wonder a senior analyst with much more experience is paid much higher than a junior analyst with not that much of experience (Lipsey at al, 2011) Specific job responsibilities: Jobs with more complex tasks are paid higher than the ones which are comparatively simpler. These tasks imposes greater responsibility on the worker and simultaneously demand expert skills from the worker hence paying him more Trade unionization: As trade unions collectively possess a bargaining power they can negotiate with employers to earn higher wages. (Economics Online) Success and Performance: A person who is more efficient, had been performing well with a good track record and had been successful to get a job in a particular industry which has very small supply of such high skilled workers can easily earn much higher than others. Revenue creation: Workers more productive and the ones who can earn higher revenues for the firm are paid higher by the organization Discrimination: Employer discrimination also can be included in this list as discrimations between genders by organizations and industries had been an influencing factor to create wage differentials between men and women of the same occupation (Riley, 2016) Human capital acquisition: employers also reward workers who devote in acquisitation of higher educational degrees or trainings which may be part time or full time (Samuelson et al, 2010). Conclusion: Hence we saw, that how various factors create the different types of wage differentials. If we focus on the rationale behind wage differentials we find that there are two views. Firstly, we consider the socialistic patterns of the society and government here plays the role of minimizing inequalities in incomes as well as wealth distribution so that the society as a whole develops boosting the economic growth through the channels of higher quality human capital and getting more jobs done with increase in aggregate demand and income. Secondly, wage differentials get their justification through the wide demand supply mismatches in the labor market. The differences here are based on skill requirements, ability, knowledge, aptitude, experience and also the derived demand of the particular labor. Another justification given in support of wage differentials is the full natural resources exploitation (Chand, 2016). References: Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, Worth publishers, New York Sikdar, S 2006, Principles of macroeconomics, Oxford, New Delhi Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Boundless Economics, 2016, Product differentiation, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/monopolistic-competition-12/monopolistic-competition-75/product-differentiation-281-12378/ Riley, G, 2016, Labor market-wage differentials, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/labour-market-wage-differentials Spaulding, W, 2016, Wage differentials, viewed 31 August 2016, https://thismatter.com/economics/wage-differentials.htm Economics Online, 2016, Labor Market, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/The_labour_market.html Piana, V, 2001, Wages, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.economicswebinstitute.org/glossary/wages.htm Torpey, E, 2015, Same occupation Different pay: How wages vary, viewed 31 August, 2016, https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2015/article/wage-differences.htm Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage learning, New Delhi Hanks, G, 2016, Apple Pricing strategy, viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.ehow.com/way_5815745_apple-differentiation-strategy.html Chand, S, 2016, Top 5 causes of wage differentials, viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/top-5-causes-of-wage-differentials-explained/35339/ Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-20126521672415364312020-04-13T19:25:00.001-07:002020-04-13T19:25:03.428-07:00Marketing Assignment free essay sample My chosen retailer is Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay which is a company owned by South African entrepreneur Raymond Ackerman in 1967. Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay was able to gain a large share of the market because Raymond Ackermanââ¬â¢s policy of putting offering customers the best value for their money before profit maximisation and various social responsibility programmes have made them a household in South Africa. Question 1 Pick n Pay bridges the following gaps: * Space. * Time. * Information. The space and time, value gaps are bridged by pick nââ¬â¢ pay, by establishing what the market really wants and providing consumer what they want at the right price in the right environment. -Information on products is readily available in stores during promotions and generally accessible in store. -Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay offers financial services like credit on large purchases like appliances. -Through bridging these gaps Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay has been able to establish long term relationship with consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question 2 An organisation has to perform its primary amp; auxiliary marketing activities efficiently and in a timely manner to ensure that the needs/ of the customer are met. Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay also owns its own transportation fleet so they have more control over meeting demand on time. * Pick n Pay conducted detailed market research in order to properly serve its market as all store formats are as diverse as the geographic area they operate in, from the large hypermarkets to the express stores in petrol stations, they cater to all different market segments. Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay also own Boxer supermarkets which cater to low income groups such as rural areas. * They form of standardisation and grading is their policy of giving consumers double their money back on Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay products if they not satisfied with the quality, This policy enabled Pick nââ¬â¢Pay to gain the trust of consumer which translates into Customer loyalty. All other products offered by Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay have to follow certain regulations before being offered to the public. Pay has to take the necessary steps to ensure that products like fruits are available all year round which means such products need to be stored in fridges and other products have to be stored properly so they donââ¬â¢t get damage before getting to the actual store so they donââ¬â¢t incur any losses. * The risk of loss or damage is to be mitigated by the form of having insurance policy to cover the business. * Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay borrows money from banks to cover the day-to-day operations; Raymond Ackerman says many businesses that were destined for greatness failed because they didnââ¬â¢t have enough cash to run their daily operations. I would say Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay uses the societal marketing-oriented concept because of their environmental initiatives which have even gained the organisation a Sunday Times Top Brand Grand Prix award for the company that did the most to promote ââ¬Å"greenâ⬠issues and social upliftment of communities. Raymond Ackerman stresses the importance of doing ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠business which means implementing sustainable practices in the work environment and doing what the business is obligated to do in terms of social responsibility. Here are some environmental initiatives have introduced: * Green Products- Products that are 100% recyclable with active ingredients that are made from sustainable,natural ingredients. * Introduced limited edition eco-friendly bags to limit the use of plastic bags * Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay vehicles use a low sulphur content diesel and ozone-friendly lubrication oils. * Setting up recycling points at Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay stores * In 2009 they opened up 3 Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay express stores, starting a new era of green retailing. These type strategies will gain the business long term customers because of its awareness of contributing positively to the environment. Question 4 I would say my chosen retailer has evolved to this level because they the good relationship it has with its stakeholder thatââ¬â¢s why they have been able to offer the market such good prices and within any business you need to maintain good relationship with your suppliers for example, this would ensure that everything is delivered in a timely time and with your employees to ensure that their product are product and know whatââ¬â¢s expected of them. Pick n Pay has a number of policies and guidelines to govern relationships with its stakeholders so every interaction with its stakeholders is morally sound and is in line with the correct practices so that customers are satisfied and customers are retained. Question 5 5. 1 The micro environment of Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay is its internal stakeholders which would be: * Employees * Investors * Management The business has full control over this environment. The market environment is the outside of the business and the business can only control this environment to a certain degree. The market environment comprises of: * Suppliers * Competitors- Checkers,Spar,Woolworths. * Customers * General Public ââ¬â Brand Perception and Brand awareness. 5. 2 Pick n Pay is a company that focuses a lot on physical environment and socio economic issues as it recognises the importance of sustainability practices in its business due to the fact that natural resources are not available in infinite quantities and the damage us humans are doing to the environment. Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay has also implemented programmes that challenge socio economic issues such as unemployment. Here some the changes and programmes implemented to adapt to changes/trends in the macro environment: * Setting up recycling points at Pick nââ¬â¢ pay which in turn provides employment. * ââ¬Å"Greenâ⬠products ââ¬â 100% recyclable products with natural active ingredients that donââ¬â¢t harm the environment. * BEE programmes which allows people from disadvantaged backgrounds to own a Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay franchise store. * Pick nââ¬â¢ Pay company also recently extended its ââ¬ËGreen Rangeââ¬â¢ of household products to include garbage bags made from 100% recycled material, 70% of which is post-consumer recycled materials. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-46339683367998150482020-03-11T15:52:00.001-07:002020-03-11T15:52:03.892-07:00Solomons Temple Essays - Books Of Kings, Holy Of Holies, Yom KippurSolomon's Temple Essays - Books Of Kings, Holy Of Holies, Yom Kippur Solomon's Temple Introduction Looking back at some of the earliest years of Gods chosen people, we can see that worship played quite a significant role in the everyday lives of the people. Until the temple in Jerusalem was built, there was no real establishment or unification of the people since their captivity to Egypt. Solomon, one of Israels first few kings, built the Temple of Jerusalem. Solomons Temple was believed to be the dwelling place of God. The Temple was a very complex structure, and because of its destruction there is no abundance of information upon its exact design. Therefore, most of the information that we have today is taken from the books of Kings and also from the books of Chronicles in the Holy Bible. In this paper, the Biblical references come from a New King James Version of the Holy Bible. In this paper we will examine the history behind Solomons Temple, its structure, and its downfall. A Brief Introduction to Solomons Temple In the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel came out of Egypt, Solomon built the Temple. The building of Solomons temple lasted seven years. The completion of the temple was in the eleventh year of Solomons reign. Although it underwent many changes and renovations, Solomons temple stood for nearly four centuries until its destruction in 586 BC. The temple was considered to be a divine presence; it included such things as the ark, the cherubim, and on very rare occasions a statue of Yahweh. It also contained objects used in Gods service such as the table of shewbread, and a lampstand. The altar was not included with the temple building but in an open court adjoining the temple. The format of the temple is laid out in the books of Kings and also in Chronicles. Solomons temple was designed to be a more magnificent shrine than any other in the land, one benefiting the wealth and splendor of the king himself. The History Behind The Temple The Temple was not built until the reign of Solomon, but significant steps had already been taken. To see this, we must first look at the life of David, the second chosen king of Israel and also Solomons father. David ruled as king for seven years, and he then established his throne in Jerusalem after overcoming the ancient Jebusite community that was there. His reign continued in Jerusalem for the next thirty-two years. David contemplated the erection of a shrine for the Ark of the Covenant. At first the prophet Nathan gave David approval to construct a temple, but the following night God intervened. Speaking to Nathan in a dream, God laid out for David an amazing covenant, which would establish the house of David forever. He also told Nathan of the temple that was to be built. Although David was not allowed to build the Temple, he amassed the means for the temple to be built. The task was to be given to his son, Solomon. After the death of his father David, Solomon issued the orders for the building of the First Temple to commence. The building of the Temple was a monumental task and in the four hundred and eightieth year after the people of Israel came out of Egypt, the construction began. This was in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel. In the fourth year of construction the foundation of the Temple was laid. Then the building of the House of God began. The Temples Structure The Temple was essentially a rectangular building erected on a platform, orientated east and west. It consisted of a porch (ulam) and two chambers, one behind the other (hekal and debir). The measurements of the Temple are given in cubits, with one cubit being approximately twenty inches. Within Solomons temple the cherubim and ark were contained in the inner sanctum; one table , a lampstand and an altar of incense in the outer sanctum; and a burnt-offering altar and water containers in the court. The Temple proper consisted of a porch beyond which was a large chamber, later called the Holy Place, and beyond this a smaller inner shrine, or the Holy of Holies, into which the ark was brought. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-16480813168741647612020-02-24T06:18:00.001-08:002020-02-24T06:18:04.311-08:00Conduct an interview with an Informatics Professional EssayConduct an interview with an Informatics Professional - Essay Example Therefore, although companies differ in the way they use this term, CSO is increasingly used to refer to the highest ranked person responsible for the entire security of an organization, that is, both physical and digital (CSO, 2008). This paper, through interviewing a person working in this position, investigates the roles, responsibilities, qualifications, background, experience and challenges facing chief security officers. The telephone interview involved Mr. Anthony Gacanja who is the current CSO of Safaricom Kenya, a major network provider company in Kenya. Mr. Anthony Gacanja is currently the Chief Security Officer at Safaricom Kenya. He did his O level at St. Maryââ¬â¢s School Nairobi and holds a bachelor degree in Bsc. Electrical and Electronics Engineering (majoring in Telecommunication) from Nairobi University. Before joining Safaricom, he worked as a Manger of Technology Security and Risk Services in Ernst and Young and also as an Application Systems Developer at Software Technologies Limited. He has vast experience in IT consultancy and information systems assurance and audit. Besides holding a bachelor degree, Mr. Gacanja is also passed his exams both in Certified Information System Auditor (CISA) and Certified Information Security Manager (CISM). When asked about the main roles and responsibilities of a CSO, Mr. Gacanja said that a CSO has several duties and responsibilities depending on the company he or she is working with. However, although he accepted that these duties and responsibilities may vary from one organization to another, he points out a common aim for all CSOs is to ensure good security to an organization and work force. He gave the following as the main roles of any CSO in any organization: On qualification, Mr. Gacanja said that any individual who wishes to be a chief security officer must have a strong knowledge of security related concepts and excellent contacts Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-71968389470637323812020-02-07T23:05:00.001-08:002020-02-07T23:05:02.255-08:00History of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsHistory of Psychology - Essay Example Annoying to some people and beneficial to other as it may look, the behaviorist approach developed with the era and has stayed to be at par with the revolution of psychology (Myers, 2004). People who present the behaviorist approach are more forceful and effective than in the past, with the help of various modernized reporting mechanisms established by the growth of technologies. The Cognitive approach to psychology is a discipline which is utilized to decipher interpretations from previous or past occurrences. Such concept is utilized in modern psychological disciplines and social fields to symbolize a perspective of the value of previous events which leads with the manners that interpretations of events is being analyzed and interpreted by people. There are various manners in which the cognitive approach to psychology can be described. This involves investigating, comprehending the hidden hypotheses, outlines, concepts that establish the framework for idea and concepts and realization. The cognitive approach possesses various aspects of definition in different areas of analysis and investigation. Basically, the humanistic approach in psychology pertains to movement and trend, including the policies and programs that aim to improve the developments of the quality of life that will aid in the adjustments of the people. The humanistic approach to psychology helps change the social and technological aspects of all the people in plenty of measure that most of the time vary form their assumptions (Weiten, 2007). More often than not, the humanistic approach targets the process of helping the people in adjusting to a new cultural and technological change, and this works together with the government that pertains to developments of existing attitudes and inherent behaviors in a citizen who is facing cultural and technological adjustments. A victorious achievement of the influence of the humanistic approach needs a tremendous cooperation between the agents of modernization like the mass media and the public. D. Present Time Without a doubt, the people at present would have to undergo changes of attitudes, beliefs, skills, goals as well as profiles and identities as a primary consequence of the new developments on the field of psychology. The present trends on psychology is normally quickly felt but with several delays in implementation, composed of significant developments and needing extreme adjustments leading to increased pressure to the public. The tremendous level of life developments and changes that the public needs to face as a consequence of the new wave of psychology can result to the development of the idea of discrimination and helplessness which can hinder their motivation in attaining their objectives in their new modernized environment (Hock, 2004). The new wave of psychology and its application at present as well as all over the world have established a critical responsibility in its technological and social development. Media highlights and investigations have insisted the need for studying the positive and negative consequences of the present psychology since the development of every nation's leadership and governance systems also relies on it. The Comparison of the Four Psychological Approaches All the four psychological approaches simply pertain to the field of stating situations and phenomena as they happen. Such stating includes gathering, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-20480479998807503062020-01-29T13:51:00.001-08:002020-01-29T13:51:04.237-08:00Dtlls - Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Example for Free Dtlls Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Coursework 1 ââ¬â Reflective Account of Peer Assessment Activity Within this piece of work I will be reflecting on an assessment activity used by a peer whilst I was observing their lesson for A-level psychology. The learners were all aged 17-19 and the lesson was on theories of depression and was a revision session for learners before their exams the following month. The assessment activity was an informal formative assessment where the students were placed into groups of two or three learners and were then given an area of the subject matter, the learners then had to create revision notes as a group on a piece of flipchart paper using their own notes and text books. The learners were then given 15 minutes to revise these notes, once this time was up the tutor then asked the learners to all find a new partner and then teach their revised notes to their peer. The ââ¬Ëtutorââ¬â¢ peer would try to give all their key notes without looking at the flipchart, but some learners were allowed when they got stuck on certain points. The ââ¬Ëstudentââ¬â¢ peer would have to take written notes to aid with their revision. The learners would then swap in their pairs and the roles would be reversed, after both learners had shared their revision notes they would then swap again to find a new learner to pair with, this process continued until all learners had a full set of revision notes for the subject. Brown et al on the subject of assessment ââ¬Ëvalidityââ¬â¢ state ââ¬ËIt is often described as the match between what is intended to be measured and what is measured.ââ¬â¢ (Brown et al., 1997, p.239). I believe this activity was very valid as it allowed the tutor to assess the notes the learners would be revising from for a summative exam in the future. The aims of this assessment were explained in full detail and the learners understood what was expected of them from this activity. The point of the activity was for peer learning to take place to aid revision in the subject of theories of depression; this was definitely achieved by the end of the lesson as every learner had a full set of revision notes on each aspect of the subject confirming the validity of the assessment. The students were in charge of creating their own notes in each group and then passing these notes onto their peers, this does cause some reliability issues as with all learners some students may have put more effort into their revision notes than others. Therefore you may get a learner who has put as much information into his or hers notes as possible giving a vast amount of knowledge on a certain area of the subject and they may thenà receive from a peer basic knowledge of another area of the subject. Reece and Walker talk of ââ¬Ëreliabilityââ¬â¢ as ââ¬Ëthe ability of a test to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure.ââ¬â¢ (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.348), I believe this method of assessment does not consistently measure but the tutor did circulate the classroom at all times aiding learners if they were finding it hard to put key points down on paper. This method does however aid differentiation as less able learners were given the chance to gain knowledge of the subject from more able learners. The more able learners also had the chance to practice and develop their subject knowledge aiding revision in the class. Word Count: 520 References Brown, G., Bull, J. and Pendlebury, M. (1997) Assessing Students Learning in Higher Education. Oxon, p.239. Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Education Publishers Ltd, p.321. Coursework 2 Assessment Information within own Organisation Assessment information within my own organisation is recorded from the beginning of a learner joining the college. Every potential student as part of the interview stage takes part in a minimum core assessment; this is a basic screening test to assess the studentââ¬â¢s literacy and numeracy skills. This initial assessment allows us to correctly place the learner on the right level of course. These results are placed in the college database, following the enrolment of each learner the minimum core results form a group differentiation profile for each class; put together by the course leader. This profile is used by the tutor so they can differentiate learning tasks and understand individual learnerââ¬â¢s needs from the very beginning. Once the course commences formative assessments are created by the tutor and used in each lesson. Each learner receives feedback from these assessments and if needed, targets can be set so the learner is clear on what is expected of them. Validity and reliability of assessments used during a course are checked at regular standardisation meetings within curriculum teams, these take place to sample marking of formative and summative theory assessments. Allowing tutors to internally verify samples of learners work so all tutorsà in the department are consistent in their marking. Reece and Walker explain ââ¬Ëvalidityââ¬â¢ as ââ¬Ëhow well the test measures what it is supposed to measureâ⬠(Reece and Walker, 2007, p.321). Within these meetings the team will also evaluate and create formative and summative assessments for future use; a chance to share good practice. The meetings are also used to discuss practical assessments as different tutors can have differing views on as sessment criteria; this aids the reliability of the assessments. Summative assessments are entered on a standardised tracking document which every tutor in the department can access. Updating this tracking document then enables each tutor or the head of department to see the progress of every learner helping to identify any ââ¬Ëat riskââ¬â¢ students who may need more attention or end up not completing the course. This document is shared with the learners; they can see what still needs to be achieved to gain their qualification and how far they have come in terms of progression, this aids motivation in the classroom and also a sense of achievement to see how much they have already completed. The learners have logbooks provided by the awarding body VTCT, this is where tutors record all practical summative assessment and sign off to say they have met the criteria set by VTCT. The logbook is used by the learner to build a portfolio of consultations forms and photographs from practicalââ¬â¢s, written assignments and any online tests the learner has to complete during the course. The college also uses Pro-Monitor a computerised package which tutors can record individual learner progress and set targets for learners to achieve by a certain time. Learners can access Pro-Monitor and input individual targets they wish to achieve, it can also show them graphs and visual aids on how much of their qualification they have achieved, this is brilliant for more visual learners who may find written feedback harder to understand. These different ways of recording assessment information are vital in enabling tutors to identify when students are falling behind and planning for future development, a side effect of not using these implements could be learners nearing the end of their course without completing assessments that are mandatory. References Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning- a Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Edition Publishers, p.321. Coursework 3 ââ¬â Evaluation of Assessment Activities Assessment is defined by Gravells and Simpson as ââ¬Ëa measure of learning, at a given point in time. Relevant skills, knowledge and/or attitudes can be measured towards a subject or qualification.ââ¬â¢ (Gravells and Simpson, 2008). There are three main types of assessment; initial, formative and summative; these types of assessment can then be informal in the way of crosswords, gapped hand-outs, quizzes, discussions and journals or they can be formal in the way of exams, assignments, tests and observations. Formative assessment, used properly, is such an integral part of the teaching and learning process that it could be argued that it shouldnââ¬â¢t even be called assessment. When we consider teaching and learning methods, many of them ââ¬â questioning, case studies, and projects ââ¬â are also assessment methods used as learning checks. Scales states ââ¬ËAssessment for learning is based on the belief that everyone can learn and formative assessment is a key strat egy to help learners improve and developââ¬â¢ (Scales, 2010) With this in mind the first assessment activity to be evaluated is a crossword used as an informal summative assessment. Crosswords are a simple and easy way of assessing learnerââ¬â¢s knowledge during a unit. Crosswords can be uploaded to the college interactive website ââ¬Ëcloudââ¬â¢, learners can then download the activity as a form of homework or as an extension task during directed studies. These can then be handed in to the tutor for marking. A more effective method is to use a crossword as learning check during a lesson; once the learners have completed the crossword they can then discuss as a group the answers. The tutor can also use extended questioning, asking more able learners to explain in more depth an answer to help aid differentiation. Feedback from learners suggests that crosswords are a challenging way of testing knowledge and encourages the learners to look at subject matter in different ways without having to sit tests all the time, which can be very daunting for certain learners. Something gained from feedback from a group of level 1ââ¬â¢s, is that because a majority of the learners have learning needs which affects their literacy; they find the crossword in itself challenging to complete. To overcome this it has been noted that providing learners with a word bank of key words for each unit has helped in completing such tasks asà crosswords, as the learner still needs to know which word they are looking for but aids in developing their spelling for the future. Feedback is the most important part of formative assessment; research suggests that immediate oral feedback is the most effective, whether this is done by one on ones or as a group discussion. The feedback provided should be developmental and make the learners extend their thinking and learning to a higher level and should also focus on positive points first before moving onto more ââ¬Ëdevelopmentalââ¬â¢ areaââ¬â¢s for the learner to consider. By conducting formative assessment it can ensure that the teacher gains a full understanding of the learners existing capabilities so that realistic goals can then be set and additional support if needed can be organised. With this feedback individual targets can then be created for each learner and placed on the college Pro-Monitor system where the learners can access their targets as and when needed to see how they are developing in the course. Learners are also encouraged to create their own personal targets on Pro-Monitor, using feedback from formative assessments it allows learners to realise key strengths and weaknesses to help in creating these targets. The use of this feedback is very much like the idea of ââ¬Ëscaffoldingââ¬â¢, Bruner (Wood et al., 1976) coined this term in the 1950ââ¬â¢s and believed using a more knowledgeable other to challenge the learner to achieve more by providing ââ¬Ëscaffoldingââ¬â¢ to help them climb to higher levels. Learners in dialogue with teachers can see where they want to reach but initially may need help in the form of questions, prompts and pointers to get there. Summative assessment is the assessment of learning and it leads to the gaining of qualifications and grades. Weeden suggests ââ¬ËSummative assessment is a snapshot judgement that records what a learner can do at a particular time.ââ¬â¢ (Weeden et al., 2002, p.19) This process of qualification is important for learners and it is good to keep in mind the emotional aspects and design of assessment in relation to validity and reliability. With this in mind the second assessment activity to be evaluated is a practical observation used as a formal summative assessment. Practical observations are used throughout all 3 NVQ levels in beauty therapy as the subject is extremely vocationally based. Beauty therapy NVQââ¬â¢s are broken down into units, for each unit there will be practical assessments that have to be completed at the end of the unit, where the learner is observed and assessed by the teacher. VTCT areà the awarding body for the beauty therapy NVQââ¬â¢s and they set out the practical assessment criteria for each unit, this criteria is printed in the learners logbooks which is where each assessment is signed off if a pass has been achieved. To aid the reliability of the practical assessments all beauty lecturers at the college come together at standardisation meetings where the criteria is discussed in detail and a learner marking sheet is created which includes each of the areas the learner has to meet to gain a pass in the assessment. If this was not done each teacher could interpret the assessment criteria in different ways therefore learners would not be assessed fairly and reliably. Petty states ââ¬Ëthe same examiner should give the same mark if they unknowingly mark a script twice on different daysââ¬â¢ (Petty, 2009), using standardisation this means that even with practical based assessments the results should always be the same. To help learners during practical assessments learning outcomes are written on the whiteboard to highlight key points they will need to show competency in or do to achieve a pass in the assessment. During the observation the teacher will also ask questions to the learners to help achieve the unit criteria, this is also where differentiation of the learners can take place as more able learners will be asked more open-ended and higher order questions then less able learners who will be asked standard criteria questions. The use of cameras in practical assessments is something that is still fairly new and is being experimented with but does seem to show some success. As part of the observation learners have to keep their working area clean and tidy and show due regard for health and safety, the teacher can now take pictures of each learners working area before the assessment takes place and then at the commencement of the assessment. With regards to practical assessments like nail art, make-up and face painting the finished article can also be documented by a photo that the learner can then be used in their own portfolio to be sent to the awarding body. From these pictures the teacher can then feedback to the learner at the end of the assessment any positive points of the practical and also any areas that the learner would need to further develop, the learner can then have these pictures as a visual aid to understand how they can improve for the next assessment and also works as a good revision aid for the future. Another approach to embrace ICT in assessments is to video learners assessments so they can themselves evaluateà and feedback on client care and professionalism during their observation. It has been noted that using cameras in practical observations has been received well by the learners, they have commented that it brings a new dimension to receiving feedback and allows them to visualise areas they need to focus on improving and reinforces the assessment criteria for them too. Feedback from practical observation is given individually immediately after the learners assessment, feedback is given verbally with key points both positive and ones for development are written on the bottom of the consultation form the learner completed during the assessment (these consultation forms also go into the learners portfolio). Practical assessments can leave a lot to interpretation by the teacher so it is important the practical marking sheet is filled in during the observations and a pass or fail is determined by how many of the boxes the learner showed competence in, depending on which level the learner is currently studying determines the number of criteria they need to meet. Learners can feel very nervous and daunted by practical assessments at the beginning of the year as it the proverbial ââ¬Ëunknownââ¬â¢, formative practical assessments do help to calm learners worries as they are a ââ¬Ëtrial runââ¬â¢ of the summative assessment, also setting out some time to explain and discuss the unit assessment criteria and what will be expected of them from this. During the practical observations themselves the use of cameras also seems to help learners forget the formalness of the observation and relax into the assessment. In conclusion all assessment methods should be a positive contribution to learning and good assessment activities are important to aiding teaching. However assessments are only worthwhile if they assist the learner and teacher to move through the learning outcomes of the unit, otherwise it is irrelevant. Designing assessment activities which stretch the learnerââ¬â¢s abilities and promotes their development is a skill that comes with experience and understanding of the current learners on your course and it is definitely something that will always be tweaked and changed throughout your career. Word Count: 1,594 References Gravells, A. and Simpson, S. (2008) Planning and enabling Learning in the Lifelonf Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning matters, p.50. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today ââ¬â A practical guide. 4th ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Scales, P. (2010) Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education, p.180. Weeden, P., Winter, J. and Broadfoot, P. (2002) Assessment: Whats in it for schools?. London: Routledge Falmer, p.19. Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. In: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry., pp.89-100. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-16173023243024358562020-01-21T10:15:00.001-08:002020-01-21T10:15:03.910-08:00Relationships :: essays research papers Relationships are impossible, or are they? Why is it that most relationships don’t work? Man meets woman, they date, move in together, get married, have kids and then divorce. This is what most relationships are nowadays. What causes a relationship to fall apart, what relationships you should get out of and are there such things as soul mates. Most people believe that their relationship isn’t like others. They don’t have problems. These kinds of people also think that their partner won’t cheat on them or do anything wrong. But the truth is that almost all relationships won’t last forever. A few reasons relationships fall apart are if one partner cheats, they lose interest in each other, lack of communication which causes problems, if you try to change someone and it backfires, and if you hide something you should have told the other person and then they find out about it later. In a relationship you can tell when you’re losing interest in each other. Some signs are that you don’t talk much with each other, you don’t spend time together anymore instead its spent with your friends away from home. Some signs to tell if the other person in the relationship is cheating is by the person starts to come home from work later then they usually do, they start to smell like perfume that neither of you have, when you confront them about cheating they get all nervous and deny it, when you ask them why they’ve been coming home late from work lately they makeup stupid excuses. And they say there going somewhere but when you phone to see if they are there they aren’t. If you’re in a relationship and the person does any of these things your relationship could be falling apart. Should you leave or stay in an abusive relationship? The answer to this question as you should know it is leave as soon as you can. The reason you should leave an abusive relationship is because if you don’t, you could end up hurt. Most of the time when a person is in this kind of a position they are too scared to leave it because they think the one who is abusing will hurt them more. In some cases they could that’s why its important to leave. Another thing about people who are in this position is that if you suspect they are being abused and you confront them about it they will deny it and change the subject. A few other signs of someone being abused is if they always Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-60027227376573160672020-01-13T06:39:00.001-08:002020-01-13T06:39:04.195-08:00Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in LagunaWe visited the plant of Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in Laguna. We arrived at Pepsi Colaââ¬â¢s plant first, in which they explain the process of production of their products then had a chance to tour the plant. From Pepsi Colaââ¬â¢s plant, we had a stop over at SM Sta. Rosa for a few hours then to Gardeniaââ¬â¢s plant. There, we saw the production of their products by explaining the process first then saw in actual the step-by-step process of manufacturing their bread. In Pepsi Colaââ¬â¢s plant, we only visited the part of the plant in which bottles of their products are located. I found it needless because I expect that we could observe concretely the necessary procedures on how Pepsi products are made or from direct materials to finish goods. But we only saw the bottles and already packed products. I also found their plant unclean for products are unorganized plus lack of ventilation. Similar essay: Gardenia Distribution Strategy I like Gardeniaââ¬â¢s plant better. They designed their plant in a way that there is an auditorium to present clearly and comfortably the manufacturing process of their products, which were intended for visitors. Also, there is a place for viewing the actual production procedure. I also like the ambiance and how staffs welcome and entertain visitors at Gardeniaââ¬â¢s plant. If I will rank our plant visit as 10 being the highest, it will be 6. Because I didnââ¬â¢t find it much useful in our course except the fact that compared to my previous visit, at least, I was able to relate more with what I saw like some notes posted on their walls. Also, I was able to appreciate the visit more for we already discussed topics relating to manufacturing companies. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-15954588974963980312020-01-05T03:02:00.001-08:002020-01-05T03:02:04.932-08:00The Modern World - 1786 Words Europe has federal, multi-regional and multinational identities. The transmission of the religious ideologies of Europe has been essential to the development of the continent as both a practical and an imagined idea. The formation of these characterizations is complex, but music is a practical way to better understand the traditional, functional and socio-historical underpinnings that have formed the tapestry of European identity. Gregorian chant is musically and culturally significant to the evolution of historical Europe. It was widely considered to be a central component in worship services and spiritual conversion, also employing the official language of the Holy Roman Empire, Latin. Ubiquitous usage paved the way for standardizedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Since sacred music was the dominant musical genre of the era, Gregorian chants enjoyed massive public appeal. Its popularity also allowed it to be used successfully by the church as a religious conversion tool; furthermore, Gregorian chant was of particular importance in the transmission of Christian doctrine, and the formation and eventual expansion of the Holy Roman Empire throughout historical Europe. The plainchants of the Middle Ages, the Gregorian chants, in particular, are the historical progenitors of our westernized musical traditions: common language, form/notation, and cultural transmission. Pepin the Short, and his son Charlemagne, understood that the proliferation of this new musical cannon would be bolstered through the application of universal components such as language. Originally, liturgies were spoken in regional dialects and languages, but in the late eighth century, the first Carolingian monarch, Pepin the Short, had been credited by his son Charlemagne for initiating the streamline of musicââ¬â¢s ecclesiastical language. According to music scholar, Kenneth Levy, ââ¬Å"the purpose was to have a single, nominally Roman, repertory sung throughout Europeâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Carolingiansâ⬠7). The church soon appreciated theShow MoreRelatedModern Philosophy Of The Modern World And The External World1157 Words à |à 5 PagesLauren Estes Modern Philosophy Prof. Corsa As humans, I do not think we know as much as we think we know. ââ¬Å"Perhaps this is the reason why in matters of Philosophical research some claim to have discovered the truth, while others declare that finding it is an impossibility, and other are still seeking itâ⬠(SE Handout 31). The word ââ¬Å"truthâ⬠in this quote is ambiguous. I believe that we will spend the rest of eternity seeking the truth. The truth can mean many things to many different people. What isRead MoreThe Modern World2365 Words à |à 10 PagesThere are many challenges in the modern world. Education has been one of the biggest challenges throughout history and continues to still be a challenge around the world. There is much competition, especially between countries and churches over who had the best education system, but it is nearly impossible to determine what the best educational system entails, which is one of the many challenges. Education has always been major topic among churches across th e world. Some of the main objectives ofRead MoreThe Modern World1742 Words à |à 7 Pagesknowledge is the key to life. This is why throughout history so many have attempted to eradicate this fortunate part of our life. The Babylonians sabotaged the library of Assurbanipal in Nineveh, which was the first and finest known library of the ancient world, and it held the Epic of Gilgamesh as well as countless alternative tablets that may have occupied the answers to todayââ¬â¢s conflicts. Another example confirming knowledge is everything is when Adolf Hitler threw books into the scorching fire to destroyRead MoreModern World Of The New World964 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction In 2015, there is no need to talk about our world getting defined by technology. Everything we know and everything we deal with has been converted into digital sense and to digital state. Moreover, the majority of objects surrounding us have received a description of ââ¬Å"smartâ⬠, which no longer confuses our understanding. The world has become more demanding to technology and more sophisticated to its choices. The way to satisfy a contemporary customer is to design a device that would maintainRead MoreEmergence of the Modern World1842 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿The Emergence of Modern World The 16th century was a period of extraordinary transformation of the world. It marks the very beginning of the modern era of knowledge, skill, art and science. 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Explain the different positions and outlooks on capitalism and the Industrial Revolution taken by Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. ââ¬â¹The growth, influence, and power of the world surrounds itself around capitalism and the Industrial Revolution. Capitalism is best describedRead MoreSkepticism in the Modern World686 Words à |à 3 Pages Philosophical skepticism, according to Scottish philosopher David Hume, is asking whether human beings can perceive the world around us with any degree of accuracy. Practicing this school of thought means that a person initially never believes anything to be true, but at the same time, does not say everything is necessarily false; instead, he maintains a position of doubt. The final source of truth for a skeptic is experience. In terms of skepticism vs. rationalism vs. romanticism and theirRead MoreThe Pseudoscience of the Modern World1624 Words à |à 7 Pagesfirst tools, process, and theories of modern chemistry (Alchemy). Current generations of Americans were most likely introduced to the concept of Alchemy in American literature such as in works by Shakespeare (Alchemy in Art). Many of these books actually portrayed real characters such as Nicholas Flamel, a real alchemist in the 13th and 14th century. There are some hidden truths in these Alchemical fictions but not much else. They are most often fictional worlds where wizards weave spells. Alchemy Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-8178547548649730792019-12-27T23:27:00.001-08:002019-12-27T23:27:03.463-08:00Jackson s Resolution The Indian Question - 1520 Words Jacksonââ¬â¢s Resolution to the Indian Question When European people began to settle in North America, one of the major issues they experienced was learning to coexist with the Native Americans. The Spanish conquistadors first sought to exploit the Native peoples. In contrast, the English settlers wanted to convert and civilize the Native people. Both conquers and settlers did not see a solution in allowing Native people to live as they had before the discovery of America. This was a major factor in the discourse between the Native Americans and the European settlers. In turn, Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans should be relocated to Oklahoma in order to reach a resolution that would both benefit the American Republic and the Native Americans. His decision was influenced greatly by previous European settlers and their experiences with Native people. One of the first questions to be addressed when interacting with Native Americans is the question of their rights. Upon arrival to America, the conquistadors believed the Native Americans were too weak to take care of the land and themselves. Spaniard, Juan Ginà ©s de Sepà ºlveda described the Native Americans to be weak, simple minded, and slaves by nature. He compares the relationship between the conquistadors and the Natives to that of a father over his wife and children (de Sepà ºlveda, 63). Comparing Native American to children implies that they are incapable of taking care of themselves and their own affairs. In beingShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Us And Indian Communities Of North America1590 Words à |à 7 PagesThe US in the 1830s debated the relationship between the US and Indian communities of North America. The principles calling for equal rights and political democracy of the people in America were in contradiction with the principles the US was initially a gainst. American colonists began to view the vast expanse of lands controlled by Indians as desirable and could now use Indians in a new way: to acquire land for development . As the rapidly growing United States began to move towards the South inRead MoreTranscendentalism : Transcendentalism, Transcendentalism And Rejection Of Traditional Religion1594 Words à |à 7 Pages1830ââ¬â¢s and 1840ââ¬â¢s. Most of the emphasis with it was placed on individualism and rejection of traditional religion, which they believed there was no need for. The basic belief was that everyone can communicate with God and nature in their own way and that each soul is a single part of a Great Spirit. â⬠¢ Transcendentalism was important for what it demonstrated about the mindset of 19th century America. It showed that, after the Second Great Awakening, people were beginning to once again question traditionalRead MoreThe Removal Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301820 Words à |à 8 Pagessteadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. 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Andrew Jackson, countering George WAshingtons views and past acts on the vatives will fight for a bill in 1830 that would forever change our stanceRead MoreAndrew Jackson Was A Leader1832 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction Andrew Jackson was a leader. He was a leader on the battlefront, a leader in office and a leader in his beliefs. Jackson had certain fundamental beliefs that shaped him as a person and would be the foundation for which he would rule the country. He stood by those beliefs and fought for what he saw as the right way. During his life, Jackson would fight many battles and tackle many fundamental opponents. Here, the topic brings into focus one area of importance to Jackson, the national bankRead MoreLife Of Pi By Martel1617 Words à |à 7 PagesHISTORY AND ORIGIN In Life of Pi by Martel, Martel uses the faith of Pi to show that initiation, innocence resolutions and chaos are the core keys to having a true journey of a hero. Life of pi is set during Indian history tumultuous period which is referred to as the Emergency. In 1975, Indira Gandhi, prime minister was found charged and found guilty because of her election campaign of 1971 and was forced to resign (Anderson 20). Instead and in reaction to an increased protests and strikes thatRead MoreNative Americans During The World Today2319 Words à |à 10 PagesIn the world today, many are cognizant of the injustices faced by Native Americans as a result of the westward expansion of white settlers. Nevertheless, one incident in the antiquity of White-Indian interactions is, in many ways, distinct, and founds one of the nationââ¬â¢s shadiest moments: the aggressive and forced removal of thousands of Cherokee peoples from their ancestral birthplace in the Southern highlands of Georgia from 1 838 to 1839. Known today as ââ¬Å"The Trail of Tears,â⬠following their evictionRead MoreEssay Native American Relations with The United States4012 Words à |à 17 Pageswill answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six time periods that define clear changes in the relationship between the Native American and the US Government. Formative period 1780 -1825 One of the critical tasks that faced the new nation of the United States was establishing a healthy relationship with the Native Americans (Indians). ââ¬Å"The most serious obstacle to peaceful relations between the United States and the Indians was the steady encroachmentRead MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words à |à 16 PagesHoughton Mifflin Company Boston New YorkContents 1 2 Preface xxi New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.-A.D.1769 1 A. The Native Americans 1 1. Visualizing the New World (1505, 1509) 1 2. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Belittles the Indians (1547) 3 3. Bartoleme de Las Casas Defends the Indians (1552) 4 B. The Spanish in America 6 1. Hernan Cortes Conquers Mexico (1519-1526) 6 2. Aztec Chroniclers Describe the Spanish Conquest of Mexico (1519) 3- Francisco Coronado Explores the American Southwest (1541) 13 4.Read More Western Expansion Essay4115 Words à |à 17 PagesThe Westward Expansion Introduction The Westward Expansion has often been regarded as the central theme of American history, down to the end of the19th century and as the main factor in the shaping of American history. As Frederick Jackson Turner says, the greatest force or influence in shaping American democracy and society had been that there was so much free land in America and this profoundly affected American society. Motives After the revolution, the winning of independence opened up Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-47092150084097428412019-12-19T19:15:00.001-08:002019-12-19T19:15:03.271-08:00Miles Davis A Musician, Composer, And Genius - 2229 Words Joseph Small Mrs. Galaviz English 12 15 March 2015 Biography of Miles Davis Miles Dewey Davis III was a musician, composer, and genius. Davis wrote a large portion of the music he played, and he did not care what people thought about his music. ââ¬Å"Do not fear mistakes, there are noneâ⬠(Davis 29). The amount of skill Davis must have had to keep on creating new, original, different music is far beyond many people. Davis is one of the main contributing factors to change jazz. He alone made his own style, called the ââ¬Å"Cool Jazzâ⬠genre (Scarborough 26). Davis is surely one of the reasons I believe jazz is here to stay for a long time, and Davis thought so, too. In Davisââ¬â¢ life, he has done many great things and experienced some good things as wellâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Davisââ¬â¢ father taught Davis many things. None of the things Davisââ¬â¢ father taught Davis was the trumpet, but one thing was how to keep track of money by not giving Davis the correct amount and making Davis count all the money. That was a lesson that Da visââ¬â¢ father learned from Davisââ¬â¢ grandfather. Davis and Davisââ¬â¢ father both thought this was a cruel way to learn because if the money was not counted, they would have lost $50 or so, which was a lot of money back then. Davisââ¬â¢ mother wanted Davis to play the violin when he was thirteen. Instead, Davisââ¬â¢ father got Davis a trumpet. Needless to say, Davisââ¬â¢ mother was not too happy with that (Chambers 25). Soon after, Davis got his first trumpet. Davisââ¬â¢ father hired a personal tutor to teach Davis. Later in Davisââ¬â¢ childhood, one of his friendsââ¬â¢ houses burnt down. Davisââ¬â¢ friend did not survive the fire, and Davis saw the corpse, barely recognizing it (Szwed 14). Aside from that tragedy, Davis claims his life as a child was not cluttered with noise like it was when his children were born (Merod 11). Ever since Davis heard ââ¬Å"Birdâ⬠playing, Davis has been in love with jazz. (Michael 19) Music has always been in D avisââ¬â¢ life. Ever since Davis first heard some good jazz, music has been ââ¬Å"all up in his bodyâ⬠(Lambe 19). Davis did not believe that jazz would ever go out of style. ââ¬Å"I never thought jazz was supposed to be a museum piece like other dead things once considered artisticâ⬠(Davis 35). When Davis got his trumpet, he Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-82125909112435558582019-12-11T15:57:00.001-08:002019-12-11T15:57:04.243-08:00The Organizational Management Concentrates On Maintain Healthy Question: What Is CATLEX How Do Covers Almost All The Area Of Oil And Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction: CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is one of the renowned fuel companies. It is known as one of the profit making organization which is listed in ASX. It is an autonomous organization. Being one of the leading names in the fuel industry, CATLEX possesses huge workforce with 3000 employees. According to some reports, CATLAX delivers fuel to one third of the total transport of Australia. CATLAX maintains a strong chain of supply with all its suppliers. The chainman of CATLAX, the primary motive of the organization is to serve its consumers with quality service. CATLAX deals in all over Australia (caltex.com.au 2017). The below mentioned article has focused on the organizational function of CATLAX AUSTRALIA LIMITED. It has enlightened all the external factor that influences the organizational functions of CATLAX. It has focused on the key competitors of CATLAX and discussed about the sustainability performance of the organization. General Business Environment: Headquarter of the CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is situated in Australia. The organization is known for its uninterrupted and efficient service. The organization deals with high quality fuel. Although, the organization is mainly based on Australia, it covers a large geographic area. It provides quality lubricants to various parts of the world. According to many reports CATLEX serves more than 70,000 customers in all over the world (Davey 2015). The organization possesses a rich background. The idea of CATLEX has been generated in early 1990, from where the organization has started its journey to provide efficient and effective service to its consumers. The chairman of the organization, Greig Gailey and the CEO of the organization Julian Segal has stated that the main motive of the organization is to provide quality service to the consumers by strengthening inner capability of the organization. The organization CATLEX covers almost all the area of oil and gas industry. It provides various petrochemical and refinery product to its consumers. The organizational management always encourages its employees to participate in the organizational function in an appropriate manner (Smith 2016). CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is a retail industry that deals with various retailers to provide high quality fuel. People who use various kinds of vehicles are the primary customers of CATLEX. Various manufacturing companies are also important client of the CATLEX. The organizational management of CATLEX believes in maintaining healthy and interactive relation with all the customers. They consider customers as a key element of the organization. They aim at providing high quality and efficient product to all the customers. Competitors: The market competitiveness in the fuel industry is growing high day by day. Every fuel company is incorporating new and innovative strategies to influence the growth of the organization. There are many competitors of CATLEX that are giving tough competition to the organization, such as- EXXON Mobil Corporation, Royal Dutch Shell PLC and BP PLC. EXXON Mobil Corporation: EXXON Mobile Corporation is one of the renowned oil and gas organizations. It offers almost all the products of oil and gas industry, such as- exploration, production, transportation and marketing. According to many reports, it possesses 24.7 barrels. It has many refineries in various part of the world. It covers a huge market share of the oil and gas industry of Australia. Royal Dutch Shell PLC: Royal Dutch Shell PLC is considered as larger than other leading companies of oil and gas industry. It covers a large geographic area to provide its service. It has 44,000 gas stations. It is known for producing refinery products in its thirty refineries. It covers almost all the sectors of oil and gas industry. It produces natural gas, renewable energy, electricity, trade gas and so on. It is one of the huge profit making gas and oil companies. BP PLC: Another major competitor of CATLEX Australia Limited is BP PLC. It is one of the leading names in the oil and gas industry of Australia as well as the whole world. It is known for exploring oil and gas from 28 different country of world. It is considered as the largest oil producer of United States. It is known for producing petrochemicals. It covers a large geographic area. It provides its products and services to fifty different countries of the world. It holds a large amount of market share in the Australian Oil and Gas Company. Market Share: According to many reports, CATLEX holds 18% share of the total Australian oil and gas industry. On the other hand BP possesses 15 % share. EXXON holds 16% share and Shell has 13% share. Analysis: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that CATLEX has owned a large number of market share of the Australian oil and gas industry by providing quality and efficient product and services. The organizational management wants to draw the attention of large number of consumers by improving organizational performance. However, there is no monopoly in the market. There are many competitors in the market that are giving tough competition to CATLEX. They are following the footsteps of the organization to set an example in the oil and gas industry. CATLEX is known for providing its products and service in reasonable price, thus all people from various income groups can avail it. The organization provides a wide range of products to its potential consumers, such as- refinery products, renewable energy. The organization promotes the use of renewable energy which is highly beneficial for the growth of the organization as well as for protecting the environment from the effect of global warming. Production Costs and Scales: The production cost of CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is approximately $133 per barrel. The organizational management focuses on the production cost of the organization. In order to maintain the growth of the organization, every business organization needs to provide quality product in reasonable price. The organizational management of CATLEX maintains strong relation with all its raw material suppliers to ensure uninterrupted flow of high quality raw material. It is highly beneficial for controlling the product price. To earn desired position in the industry and maintain healthy relation with the employee, it has become very important for CATLEX to provide efficient service in an affordable price. It helps the organization to defeat the rival companies (Huang and Hong 2015). Macro Business Environment: PESTEL Factors: There are various external factors that influence the growth of every business organization, such as- political, environmental, economic, technical, social and legal. Political and Legal Factors: Being one of the renowned oil and Gas Company of Australia, CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED often faces various political and legal issues. To control any business organization successfully, the business organization must maintain healthy relation with the local government. There are many factors, such as- labor law, taxation policy and political certainty that influence the growth of the organization. The organizational management of CATLEX must consider these factors while designing organizational structure. Political instability works as a threat for the business organization (Wilson 2016). CATLEX often faces various legal issues as well. To run the business organization the organizational management deals with various legal problems. The development of the organization can be exploited due to the rise of any legal issue, such as- social protection, consumers rights and human rights and so on. The oil and gas companies often meets with various legal issues due to rise of rival companies. The rival companies often try to copy the organizational strategy of each other. This leads the organization to faces various legal issues (Standen et al. 2016). Economical Factor: Oil and gas companies put a strong impact on the economic infrastructure of the country. Oil and gas companies influence the economy of the country by exporting huge oil and gas and other petro chemicals products in the global market. Economic instability of the country puts a significant impact on the growth of the organization as well (Walton and Fitzsimons 2015). Social Factor: Oil and Gas Company often faces various kinds of social barriers. It plays crucial role in the growth of the organization. According to some reports, the oil and gas company are the villain of the society. This sector is considered as the major reason for global warming. It leads the oil and gas organization to face various obstacles. The organizational management of CATLEX must consider the factor while establishing the organizational structure. In order to operate any business organization successfully, the organizational management must maintain healthy relation with the society. CATLEX management must incorporate some effective CSR strategies to establish a healthy relation with the society (McGrail and Riedy 2015). Technological Factors: The emergence of the new and innovative technology has transformed the organizational structure of the oil and gas company. It influences the growth of the organization. CATLEX often faces various obstacles due to the rise of new and unique technologies. The rival companies of the CATLEX are incorporating modern technologies to influence the productivity of the organization; it leads CATLEX to face tough competition (Standen et al. 2016). Environmental Factors: Environmental factors plays crucial role in the growth of the CATLEX. The growth of the organization can be harmed due to various natural calamities. There are various kinds of natural calamities, such as- storm, earth quake, sand storm, flood that can harm the growth of the organization. The occurrence of any natural calamity can harm the organizational function. Sustainability Practice of CATLEX: In order to maintain transparent and strong relation with the local community, the organizational management of CATLEX has introduced many CSR strategies to provide support to the community building and the people around the organization. CATLEX is known for its environment and sustainability practice. They have taken various remarkable initiatives to help society (Musk et al. 2017). According to the organizational management of CATLEX, the negative impact of the oil and gas company cannot be avoided. Instead of ignoring the real issues of the environment the organizational management has focused on resolving the issues. The organization often conducts various social awareness campaigns to make people aware of the harmful effect of the global warming. The organizational management of CALTEX encourages people to adopt modern and improved lifestyle to beat the effect of global warming and environmental pollution (Savic et al. 2016). The organizational management has concentrated on providing quality and safe product to the consumers. They always use quality raw material for their production purpose. They always encourage their employees to participate in the organizational procedure, so they can provide efficient and effective service to the potential customers. The organizational management of CATLEX always encourages their employees to avoid such practices that can be harmful for the environment. The organizational management includes all efficient and modern techniques to avoid the harmful effect of Oil and Gas Company (Ramsay 2015). The organizational management believes in zero garbage policy and 3 R policies to protect the atmosphere to meet a deadly consequence due to harmful effect of oil and gas production. The organizational management ensures that the production firms produce zero garbage and reuse all the wastes. The organizational management has concentrated on producing renewable energy. By producing renewable energy they can provide sufficient support to the society. It will be helpful for the locality and the local people around the organization (White 2016). The organizational management of CATLEX has incorporated health and safety policy into their rulebook. It is important for every business organization to ensure health and safety of the employees. They must provide healthy atmosphere to the employees so they can provide actively participate in the organizational procedure. CATLEX always provide safe environment to their employee (Nicetic, Rae and Van De Fliert 2016). The organizational management of CATLEX include their employees in the decision making process, so they can provide their essential opinion over the issue. To maintain workplace safety the organizational management of CATLEX has introduced various policies like zero tolerance policy, workplace violence policy. The organizational management provides training and development program to the employees so they can adopt new and innovative techniques which will be beneficial for the growth of the organization and maintain workplace safety for the employees as well (Ma et al. 2 015). The organizational management considers employees as the key element of the organization. They often organize fee health check up, eye check up and blood donation camp for the employees. It provides a sense of importance among the employees and increases their dedication level towards the organization. CSR strategies often work as a tool for the organization to stimulate the performance of employees (Limaye, Gill and Flake 2015). The organizational management of CATLEX has integrated environmental safety in the organizational policy. The organizational management often reviews their operation to ensure that none of their practices are affecting atmosphere in a negative manner. The organizational management has often consults with their employees to ensure that they have understood the point of view of the organizational management and they are avoiding all such practices that can harm the environment and the people around the organization (Kaine 2016). The CALTEX management supports the emission of greenhouse gas. They ensure that none of their practices are increasing the margin of the greenhouse gas. The organizational management has promoted the use of biofuels to protect the environment from the harmful effect of fuel. According to the organizational authority of CALTEX, biofuels can play a significant role in the reducing greenhouse gas from the environment. CATLEX serves biofuels in all over eastern Australia. CATLEX is dedicated to produce biofuels (Dissanayake, Xia and Wu 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX aims at supporting the Australian farmers. By using natural products in the production of renewable energy, the organizational management of CALTEX provides sufficient financial support to the farmers. It provides a great opportunity to the farmers to enhance the quality of their life (Porter 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX maintains healthy and interactive relation with its consumers and strong supply chain with its suppliers. The organizational management always is aware of the requirement of its consumers. According to the organizational authority of CALTEX, it is not enough to provide quality service to the consumers; every business organization must focus on the feedback of the consumers. It will be helpful for the organization to provide more efficient service to the consumers (Bischofberger ET AL. 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX uses various communication tools to interact with its consumers and suppliers. They incorporate all the modern technologies to know the feedback of the consumers. It helps the organization to improve the organizational performance as well as it helps the organization to maintain transparent relation with consumers. The organizational management uses various contractual agreements with their suppliers to avoid any kind of future risk. It increases the faith of the suppliers towards the organization. In order to provide quality service to the consumers, it is highly important for every business organization to maintain a strong supply chain management (Cochran 2015). Analysis: As per the discussion, it can be stated that CATLEX plays crucial role in the assuring environmental safety. The business organizational management has taken some remarkable steps to protect the environment from the harmful effect of the green house gas and global warming. It is often evident the organizational management of CATLEX influence their staff members to actively participate in the community development. The organizational management believes in maintaining interactive and friendly relation with the employees and the society. To achieve the desired target, it has become very important for every business organization. By producing renewable energy and supporting Australian farmers the organization has brought revolutionary changes in the oil and gas industry (Australia 2016). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that the CALTEX is one of the leading name in the Australian oil and gas industry. It provides wide range of products to its consumers. It helps the organization to increase profit margin. The primary objective of the organization is to earn huge profit by providing quality service to the consumers. The organizational management of CALTEX participates in the community development as well. They often take part in various social awareness campaigns and provide financial support to the poverty stricken people of the society. The development of the organization is influenced by such organizational practices. By taking remarkable steps the CATLEX has set a milestone in the oil and gas industry. It has brought many revolutionary changes in the oil and gas industry that has led the organization to earn desired target in the industry and earn reputation and trust of the community and people around the organization. The organizational managemen t concentrates on maintain healthy and interactive relation with its employees, consumers and suppliers, which is highly beneficial for the growth of the organization. Reference: Australia, C., 2016. Fuel pricing. Bischofberger, A.S., Tsang, A.S., Horadagoda, N., Dart, C.M., Perkins, N.R., Jeffcott, L.B., Jackson, C.J. and Dart, A.J., 2015. Effect of activated protein C in second intention healing of equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study.Australian veterinary journal,93(10), pp.361-366. caltex.com.au. (2017). caltex.com.au. Cochran, M., 2015. Conventional and alternative transport fuels in Australia.Energy News,33(4), p.4. Davey, A., 2015. Refinery Exchange Agreements: Pro?Competitive, Anti?Competitive or Benign?.Australian Economic Review,48(2), pp.150-162. Dissanayake, N., Xia, B. and Wu, P., 2015. Measuring sustainability performance within the Australian energy industry. InProceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate(pp. 135-143). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Huang, Y. and Hong, G., 2015, December. An investigation of the performance of a gasoline spark ignition engine fuelled with hot ethanol direct injection. InProceedings of the Australian Combustion Symposium. The Combustion Institute. Kaine, S., 2016. Women, work and industrial relations in Australia in 2015.Journal of Industrial Relations,58(3), pp.324-339. Limaye, S.P., Gill, B. and Flake, G., 2015. Australia matters for America/America matters for Australia. Ma, Y., Zhu, M., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, D., 2015. Effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on the nanostructure and oxidative properties of soot from biodiesel combustion in a compression ignition engine.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,35(2), pp.1947-1954. McGrail, S. and Riedy, C., 2015. Creating scenarios or creating and sustaining social worlds? Towards new sociological understandings of the use and impacts of scenario planning.International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy,10(2-4), pp.103-125. Musk, B., Gordon, L., Alfonso, H., Reid, A., Olsen, N., Mina, R., Franklin, P., Peters, S., Brims, F., Hui, J. and de Klerk, N., 2017. Risk factors for malignant mesothelioma in people with no known exposure to asbestos.American Journal of Industrial Medicine,60(5), pp.432-436. Nicetic, O., Rae, D. and Van De Fliert, E., 2016. From knowing it all to learning to engageExperiences from Australian interventions in agricultural research and development in Vietnam. Porter, J., 2015. Australian Coastal Shipping: Navigating Regulatory Reform.Austl. NZ Mar. LJ,29, p.8. Ramsay, D., 2015. Legal risk what, why and how?.Governance Directions,67(2), p.90. Savic, N., Rahman, M.M., Miljevic, B., Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.H., Leisner, T., Riches, J., Gupta, B., Motta, N. and Ristovski, Z.D., 2016. Influence of biodiesel fuel composition on the morphology and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines.Carbon,104, pp.179-189. Smith, K., 2016. NUW members strike for fair pay at Caltex.Green Left Weekly, (1116), p.4. Standen, C., Crane, M., Collins, A., Greaves, S. and Rissel, C., 2016. Determinants of mode and route change following the opening of a new cycleway in Sydney, Australia.Journal of Transport Health. Standen, C., Crane, M., Collins, A., Greaves, S. and Rissel, C., 2016. Journal of Transport Health. Walton, N. and Fitzsimons, J., 2015. Payment for ecosystem services in practicesavanna burning and carbon abatement at Fish River, northern Australia.:.Valuing Nature: Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services.(Eds P. Figgis, B. Mackey, J. Fitzsimons, J. Irving and P. Clarke.) pp, pp.78-83. White, G., 2016. Changes in Australian Paving-Grade Bitumen: Are they real and what should Australia do about it?. In27th ARRB conference, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, paper under review. Wilson, J., 2016. Employment law: A balancing act: Effective management of workplace disrepute by employees.Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (239), p.38. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-29148769103940496762019-12-04T03:39:00.001-08:002019-12-04T03:39:03.402-08:00Staying Sober by Terence T Gorski and Merlene Miller Essay ExampleStaying Sober by Terence T Gorski and Merlene Miller Essay When a drug addict is constantly nagged and abused, condemned and ostracized by society, he turns into a viler and bitter individual. Even showering pity will not help him one bit. Heartfelt care and concern, an understanding approach, and tender regard for his feelings are necessary prerequisites to heal his inner wounds. Coupled with this, one needs to learn to forgive and forget his past in order to help him build a new identity. The inner core of every human being is essentially good, even of the hard-core drug addict. He needs help and proper guidance to enable him to align himself with his true personality. The downward march to destruction can be replaced by an upward spiral to inner elevation making him a worthy individual. This happens when the addict recoups his original physical and intellectual health.Relapse syndrome:This is the sum and substance of what Gorski means by staying sober. Every drug addict is a complex personality and the treatment varies from individual to individual. The lack of will power is the main cause of relapse. Gorski tries to trace the complex causes of relapse and explains procedures for the early identification of this malady. Addiction is bad; relapse is even worse. Gorski highlights this aspect for an individual who is about to face the relapse challenge.Some cured patients hail this book as the Bible on the subject of relapse syndrome. To attain mental stability, the ex- Inpatient Rehabilitation beneficiaries refer to the time-table and remedies prescribed in the book quite often. The book gives details about AA, numbers, sponsors, support groups to enable to remain and retain the sober condition. For a cured patient,à à to maintain the normal position throughout life is the greatest reward.Gorskiââ¬â¢s book is very methodical and systematic. It contains detailed review and classifies addiction as a disease and relapse prevention as a skill. How to take care of the post acute withdrawal syndrome and the stages o f recovery, and the precautions required to be taken at every step. Those with chronic relapse problem will find the steps prescribed in this book very useful. So, staying sober according to Gorski, is not a mere promise. It is an attainable realty.The methods and relapse control systems adopted by Gorski, have stood the test of practical application and he came out with the successful treatment module as explained in this book. Until then, the subject of relapse of alcoholism and drug addiction was given causal attention, not because of carelessness, but because of non-availability of proved procedures. The authors of this book did the painstaking research, watched and studied the relapses and noticed the pattern of the ââ¬Ërelapse behavior.ââ¬â¢ à ââ¬ËTriggersââ¬â¢ were identified, the situation leading to relapse tendencies were analyzed. Such detailed patient-wise examination gave them clues about the possible unexpected triggers also. Putting these theories into p ractice is again a matter of deep patience and skill, both for the counselor and the patient.à This is an area of not rash actions, but that of perseverance.The approach to treat ââ¬Ërelapse syndromesââ¬â¢ perfected by Gorski and Miller is unique for another reason. The treatment is not just about examining the patient. It goes to the root cause of the relapse, the pattern of ââ¬Å"triggersâ⬠(both emotional and situational). Once the exact cause of the relapse is identified, the treatment pattern is finalized. The guidelines in the book, therefore, are useful for both the clients and the therapists. You work to an individual plan. The treatment becomes specialized, as applicable to that particular patient.Gorskiââ¬â¢s relapse Prevention Model is also known as ââ¬Å"CENAPSâ⬠relapse-model. It provides you with the solid backgrounder as for the problem of relapse, point by point. The contents of the book are methodical, such as definitions of addictive disorde rs, mistaken beliefs about relapse, ââ¬Å"Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS)â⬠and its relation to relapse, the importance of family support and involvement, the role of support group etc. Above all, Gorski highlights the importance of the will of the relapsed patient to change; to give up alcohol or other addictions for ever. It is reasonable to assume that since the treatment module goes to the root cause of relapse in a particular individual, the treated individual finds the inner change in him, and that prevents further relapses. When an individual makes a solid decision to change, his very thought process changes. When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed. Drug-free society then becomes an achievable reality.Strictly speaking, the stages of relapse-recovery as mentioned by Gorski, are nothing new as such.à Those six stages were earlier identified and explained by Stephanie Brown in Treating the Alcoholic: A Developmental Model of Recovery (John Wiely, 1985). But how Gorski does, what he does is important, thoughtful and meticulous. Therefore, his treatment module is hailed as a success.Conclusion:Substance abuse, violence crime and mental health are all inter-related. Gorski is an international expert on these topics. ââ¬Å"Terence T. Gorski is an internationally recognized expert on substance abuse, mental health, violence, crime.à He is best known for his contributions to relapse prevention, managing chemically dependent offenders, and developingà à à community-based teams for managing the problems of alcohol, drugs, violence, and crime.à He has extensive experience working with employee assistance programs (EAP) and has special expertise in working with emergency professionals including fire, medical, and law enforcement.â⬠à (Article: Addictionâ⬠¦.)This book is a timely contribution in the cause of substance de mand reduction and perhaps elimination, of this serious social malady which is eating the vitals of the society, all over the world. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-43785572829697050002019-11-27T22:29:00.001-08:002019-11-27T22:29:03.726-08:00Effect Of Employee Assistance Programs Essays - Effect Of Employee Assistance Programs The Effect of Employee Assistance Programs At the Workplace Throughout the business world, one of the largest problems individual businesses face is the use of illegal drugs and alcohol. These substances greatly affect the business and workplace environments for many individuals. Employee assistance programs were created to help deal with augmenting substance abuse problems. Employee assistance programs enable a companies and its workers to detect if a co-worker is having problems and aids in helping them to overcome their problems by giving them advice or suggesting counseling. Critics have noticed some problems with this program. One problem is the lack of confidentiality and the fact that co-workers and bosses are afraid to confront their workers. In order for companies to minimize their loss of money, and for employees to stop ruining their lives and the lives around them, the employee assistance program is a necessity. Appropriate prevention and intervention efforts with employee assistance programs will save companies from losing experi enced employees, and save employees from failure and even death. The most tremendous problems that companies are facing in the Nineties are the abuse of drugs and alcohol. Alcoholism is defined as a chronic, progressive, and fatal disease. The American Medical Association has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1956 (Scanlon 9). An alcoholic is identified as having a severe dependency, or addiction, and a cumulative pattern of behaviors associated with drinking. Alcoholism is apparent when someone is frequently drunk, having marriage problems, driving while intoxicated, getting fired, or being arrested (Drug Abuse). A significant difference between being an alcoholic and a drug addict is that drugs, no matter what the age of the user, are illegal. Drug abuse is defined as the use of a drug for a purpose other than for its possible intended medical purpose, which causes a person to be impaired physically, emotionally, and socially. In both cases people use these substances as a way to escape from their problems, and as a way of postponing upcoming problems in their lives (Scanlon 10). Substance abuse is the misuse of any substance leading to a loss of control over mind and body. Employee assistance programs were founded in 1971, and they: Have been working to develop and maintain the best possible workplace relationships EAP members follow professional standards and a strict code of ethics, which includes a firm commitment to protect and uphold confidentiality (Dickman 7). Employee assistance programs (EAP) are designed to assist in finding and to aid in solving productivity problems associated with employees impaired by alcohol, drugs and any other problems that affect the employees job performance. The cost ranges from $12 to $35 per employee for an EAP program. Businesses investing in an EAP rather than an insurance policy save anywhere from $5 to $16 per employee (Goldberg 1). This proves to be considerably cheaper for a company that will greatly benefit from the use of this program. Loss of productivity within a company is the major cause of businesses starting to implement employee assistance programs. Companies loose billions of dollars due to substance abuse. The economic cost placed on society from alcohol and drug abuse was estimated at $246 billion in 1992 and $276.3 billion in 1995. Total loss of potential productivity resulting from long term residential treatment of alcohol and drug abusers was $2.233 billion. Clients with primary drug problems cost $694 million. Clients with alcohol problems cost $577 million, while cross-addicted (Drugs and alcohol) clients cost $962 million. Sixty percent of these costs are attributed to losses in the workplace, which is approximately $82 billion in lost potential productivity (Economic). It is known that seventy percent of people that do drugs have a job (Gerhart 46). The level of stress attained in a certain occupation and prevalence of drugs are directly related to each other. The more stress a job causes to its workers the higher the chance those workers have of becoming substance abusers. The fact that work stress promotes heavy and problematic alcohol use is widely accepted (Cooper 260). Five to eight percent of all workers abuse alcohol. Absenteeism is sixteen times greater with people that have substance abuse problems than with attending normal employees. Substance abusers Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-80147368692265414262019-11-24T06:04:00.001-08:002019-11-24T06:04:03.655-08:00Geology of the earth essaysGeology of the earth essays Geologists have looked at many different ways of trying to understand the internal structure of our earth, but each piece of evidence on their own is questionable. It is when geologists take all the evidence they have uncovered and put it all together that they find all the pieces of evidence relate to each other and overlap. So, even though we cannot dig deep enough to physically witness the inside of our earth, geologists have been able to provide, with evidence, what the internal structure of the earth compromises of. The Earth formed from the solar nebular (gas and dust cloud) a certain distance from the sun. The solar wind, the radiation from the sun, carried different elements, different distances from the sun, i.e. light elements like H and He get carried a long distance away, where they form the gas giants such as Jupiter etc. Heavy elements like Fe, Ni, Mg, Ca and Si didnt get blown as far away and therefore the inner planets are mostly rocky material made up of Fe, Ni, Ca and Si oxides. Continuing on from the above point, geologists can also look at the differentiation of materials in the earth. The starting chemistry of Fe, Ni, Ca and Si has been strongly affected by other processes. Firstly, gravity has pulled the dense Fe and Ni towards the centre of the earth, and consequently given us the core. Secondly, the constant melting and crystallisation of volcanic rocks near the centre of the earth has altered the chemistry of the outer earth and helped it divide into layers, in this case, the oceanic and continental crust. The first piece of evidence geologists could look at in order to help gain a good understanding of the earths internal structure is the fact that there is a magnetic field around the earth. From this, geologists concluded that the internal structure must contain iron, as it is iron which provides magnetism. ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-46185615864578061492019-11-21T06:44:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:44:09.602-08:00Write about the role of a social worker in corrections Research PaperWrite about the role of a social worker in corrections - Research Paper Example Similarly, probation or parole officers from social workers are better equipped to deal with correctional population. The services of social workers are essential not only in corrections but also in the rehabilitation of released prisoners. Consequently, there is a great demand for trained social workers ââ¬Å"who have knowledge, skills, values, and motivation to work with correctional clientsâ⬠(Correctional counselors: roles, work environments, conflicts, and challenges, n.d). As part of their correctional roles, social workers need to interact with the family members, community, staff in the correctional facilities, and other social service agencies for the well-being of their clients. Social workers in corrections play a number of roles including counselors, mediators, psychologists, coordinators, advocates, evaluators, and persuaders. Besides, they need to quip themselves with the specialized knowledge and specific skills required for a correctional social worker. However, there is a shortage of correctional social workers in the judicial system of many nations due to their increased demand. This paper seeks to explore the different roles and interventions undertaken by social workers in various correctional settings. It is worthwhile to understand the meaning and depth of correction with regard to social work practice. Kumar and Devasia (2009, p. 229), in this regard, view correction as part of social control-ââ¬Å"a social process by which modern society deals with officially identified lawbreakers.â⬠The ultimate aim of correction is to identify and prevent delinquent or criminal behavior of the offending population. Correction by social workers is possible in the case of all types of offenders. However, offenders who are placed on probation and parole are more likely to benefit from correctional social work. Social workers who Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-50492125854404844662019-11-20T07:26:00.001-08:002019-11-20T07:26:05.272-08:00Is organic produce really healthier than nonorganic - is organic Research PaperIs organic produce really healthier than nonorganic - is organic really healthier - Research Paper Example xtent, the distinction between the organic produce and the nonorganic produce is realized based on the agricultural methods by which treatment of plant growth is carried out. At this stage, the farming processes for conventionally grown crops essentially differ from those implemented on the organics with respect to specific requirements that set the desired conditions for either approach. Eventually, this becomes the chief ground when traceable chemical substances or post-process residual components are detected on crops, causing possible threat to human health. By ââ¬Ëorganicââ¬â¢, the implications of the term pertain to the utilization of ecologically-balanced self-sustaining agricultural methods which abide by the application of wholly natural resources rather than synthetic derivatives in farming. Organic crops necessitate growth in natural soil and must be kept from alterations and be maintained at a sufficient distance from the slots reserved for the conventional counterparts. Applying pesticides and genetically engineered genes such as those of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) is a prohibited measure. Likewise, farmers are further regulated to get rid of both the sewage sludge-based and the petroleum-based fertilizers in aiding straight organic nourishment. Sources in managing pest control highly depend instead upon natural means with biodiversity through good insects, traps, birds, and other useful elements of nature with related properties. Similarly, restoring soil fertility is conducted using manure and compost whereas regulating weed may be performed manually via hand weeding or employing equally safer options as tilling, crop rotation, and mulching (Paul, et al). On the other hand, herbicides and insecticides are commonly utilized for weed and pest control purposes, respectively, as crops are made to develop in chemically fertilized soil. This way, nonorganic produce is often analyzed to contain significant levels of pesticides from which greater Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-7420617772134543212019-11-17T21:13:00.001-08:002019-11-17T21:13:02.629-08:00Critically discuss the extent to which HPWPs may be successfully Research PaperCritically discuss the extent to which HPWPs may be successfully implemented - Research Paper Example Basically, it can be noted that there is no universally agreed definition of HPWP but there are three key characteristics that are shared by many advocates of this model. The key attributes of this model are as follows: HPWP seeks to generate performance through the utilisation of practices which secure mutual gains for both the employees and employers, employees are treated as valuable assets and this model involves bundling of practices which yield combined benefits that are greater than the sum of their individual parts (McDuffie 1995). In order to effectively implement HPWP in the workplace, Huselid (1995) identifies three practices that are key attributes and these include the following: comprehensive recruitment and selection procedures, incentive compensation as well as extensive employee involvement and training. Employees form the back bone of every organisation hence effective recruitment as well as improving their performance are the major factors that determine success of business during the contemporary period. In most cases, employee recruitment mainly depends on the available human resources tools and their ability to cope with the environment they will be operating in. Thus, recruitment of skilled and qualified employees is a vital strategy for an organisation to function successfully with regards to high performance work practices. For any organisation to run viably, there is need to recruit the best talent in the first place as these people would be capable of being developed to become valuable assets to the organisation. The success of an organisation operating in a competitive market is mainly determined by its ability to recruit skilled people and this is a process which requires careful consideration. Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates and it gives the organisation the opportunity to select the most appropriate persons to fill its job needs (Carrell, R. et al 1995). Effective recruitment often attract s individuals to the organisation and also increases the chances of retaining the individuals once they have been hired. Recruitment efforts seek to satisfy the needs of job applicants as well as the needs of managers. Recruiting the right staff is key to implementing a performance related strategy which encompasses retention of those skilled employees. In most cases, such specialist and skilled workers may be in short supply and a company may find it difficult to replace the experienced workers and training of individual employees with more skills in particular jobs. As far as these measures are put in place, the performance of the employees is likely to improve greatly given that there will be more incentives to create a sense of belongingness to the organisation by the employees. In most cases, it can be noted that organisations are run on the basis of various decisions that are made within any particular organisation. In practice, decision Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8674929577463048827.post-35135805318330310332019-11-15T09:44:00.001-08:002019-11-15T09:44:07.460-08:00Methods of Estimating For Cost Planning in ConstructionMethods of Estimating For Cost Planning in Construction In the Construction industry, cost planning is a vital management process for control the overrun cost of project and gets maximum returns to the client within client agreed budget. Generally Quantity Surveyor as a Cost Manager who is involve to prepare cost planning and cost controlling process for specific stages with respect to the RIBA plan of work. There are some significant estimating methods for cost planning process utilize in construction project. Hence those methods give preliminary estimate for the client at the design stage. And Pre-Contract Cost Planning and Cost Control process are also very important to successful planning, design and construction of projects and is aimed at providing best value solutions. Basically it is a pre-costing method of a project. In addition, Term of life cycle costing can be described, according to the definition of Hoar and Norman (1990) noted as appropriately defined the life cycle cost of an advantage as the present value of total cost of the asset over its operating life including initial capital costs, occupational costs, operating costs, etc. Specially, Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every phases of a construction project as a cost manager to minimize the costs of the project and to make more cost savings for the project success. INTRODUCTION This report emphasizes for identifying critical phases of pre contract cost planning and controlling process in the life cycle of project with respect to the RIBA plan of work how to manage them and how to obtain a maximum turnover of the project within the quantity surveyors role as a cost manager. Hence, this study will discuss significant project pre contract cost planning and controlling process, such as methods of estimates for cost planning for different stages of RIBA work plan, pre-contract cost planning and cost controlling process with respect to the RIBA plan of work a client/consultant may adopt during each stage, the term life cycle costing and related terminology and the quantity surveyors role as a cost manager, in the life cycle of the project. MAIN BODY Explain the methods of preparing estimates for cost planning for different stages of RIBA work plan. What Is Cost Planning? The Cost Planning is a method of cost controlling the cost (Price to client) of a project within a pre-determined sum up to the tender stage. (Page3, Cost studies) Cost Planning give advice to client how much will be project cost. As well, cost planning will advise when the expected expenses will most possible occur. Hence its important for get required project finance and for determining possible project profit. Methods of Estimating for Cost Planning There are some significant estimating methods uses in construction industry for Cost planning process. Those methods give preliminary estimate, hence Quantity Surveyor has to modify predetermine data considering the followings, such as , market conditions, Size, number of storeys, specification level, inclusions exclusions, service, site foundation conditions and other factors. Conference Estimating Method RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, This method uses for preparation of the initial price estimate give to the client. It is based on a cooperative view of a group of persons, and not quantify in any particular way. Financial methods RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, This method fixes a cost limit on the building design, according to the unit of accommodation or rental values. Unit method RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, The unit method is multiplies desire standard unit of accommodation by an approximate cost per unit. Not required specific drawings, specifications, only the concept of the project relevant to the required function. For example: Schools costs per pupil enplace Hospitals costs per bed enplace Car parks cost per car space Estimate = Standard unitsà of accommodation x Cost per unit Cube methodà Design Stage This is the superseded method because of inherent disadvantages; this method needs some sketch drawings, historical cost data, Superficial area method RIBA Stage B Strategic Briefing and also can be used for Stage C This is presently most common use method, its use for early price estimating purposes. The area of each of the floors multiplied by the cost per square meter. Mostly important Storey heights, plan shape and methods for when choose on the rate to be used. Story enclosure unit method This technique use weightings for the estimating the building elements Elemental Cost estimating Detail Design Stage (Production information Stage F) This can use to establish the approximate cost of a construction project. It analyzes, the cost of the project on an elemental basis, using from other similar projects. Also provides cost advice during the design process. Detail drawings are required. For example: Approximate Cost estimating Approximate quantities present additional detailed approximate estimate. No particular rules ofà measurement exist, Also significantly more information is required from the designer.. For example: Resource analysis (Pre Construction Stage Tender Documentation -G) This method is traditionally adopted by contractors estimators to decide their individual rates for measured items in bills of quantities. All individual measured items are analyzed into its element parts such as labour, materials and plant. This method is not a pre-tender method of price prediction strictly. The pre-contract cost planning and cost controlling process with respect to the RIBA plan of work a client/ consultant may adopt during each stage What Is Pre-contract Cost Planning? Pre Cost planning is very important to successful planning, design and construction of projects and is aimed at providing best value solutions. basically it is a pre-costing method of a project. As well as Pre-estimation of a design proposal will give clear picture about the cost to the employer and design team. Pre-Contract Cost Planning Process The pre-contract cost planning process according to the RIBA plan of work 1998; it can be described as follows. Pre-Design Inception of Feasibility Pre-stage A Work Stage A (1) Work Stage B (2) Establishing the need (Establish the budget) Options Appraisal (Cost of preferred solution) Strategic Briefing (Target cost) Pre-construction Stage Work Stage C Work Stage D Work Stage E Outline proposals (Prepare initial cost plan) Detailed Proposals (Firm Cost Plan) Final Proposals (Cost checks, design against cost plan) Work Stage F Production Information (Final cost checks of design against cost plan) Graph 2.1 Pre-stage A (Establish the budget) Client appointing clients management team (Consultants) such as, client representative, cost consultant, according to his requirements. Identify objectives, physical scope of project, standard of quality of building and services, timeframe and establishing the budget. Emphasis nature of clients problems and functional requirements on proposed project. Work Stage A (Options Appraisal) Consultant has to identify of client prerequisite and possible limitation on development and cost of the ideal solution. Prepare technical, functional and cost studies by consultant and then it should enable to the client to take decision on his project weather he can continue the first proposal or could do some changes to the first proposal etc. also select the possible procurement method. Work Stage B (Strategic Brief) Consultant has to prepare initial cost suggestion to the client based on an outline statement of clients needs, also to determine target cost. This establish an initial budget for client Client has to investigate availability of finance for the project and value of money framework. Pre Contract Cost Control Generally Pre contract cost controlling process is implement from this stage according to the RIBA plan of work as mentioned by chart 1.2, Pre Contract Cost Control process give ensure the cost of the project is within the clients budget or not. Hence pre contract cost control is very essential in a project since it is planning, design finalizing and tendering and selecting a suitable contractor too. Outline Proposals- Stage C Consultant has to involve preparing outline proposal and estimate of cost as initial cost plan. As well as Investigate the site conditions and preliminary sketches for requirement of cost plan. Evaluate strategic brief through consideration of time, cost, risk and environmental issues. Also establish design management procedures. Detailed Proposals Stage D At this stage, consultant prepares full detailed proposals for the client, and also prepares firm cost plan detailed elemental cost plan etc. Clint tem evaluate outline proposals for make the final decision, Receive design and cost input from client appointed team and extend detailed design solution. And review procurement advice. Final Proposals Stage E Consultant has to prepared final proposal at this stage. Carry out cost check of the design as it develop against the cost plan, hence it Confirmation of the cost limits for the project. Most cost effective in satisfying level of project brief to confirm or put final budget and to check the elemental cost targets. Consultant prepares all required submission for legal approvals. Production Information Stage F All legal approvals should have completed when at this stage. This is the assessment of lowest acceptable tender price based on completed contract documents. And also ensure that the completed designs are controlled within the cost limits. Supply all required information for final cost checks of design against cost plan. Explain the term life cycle costing and related terminology. Definition of the life cycle costing According to definition of Hoar and Norman (1990) appropriately defined the life cycle cost of an advantage as the present value of total cost of the asset over its operating life including initial capital costs, occupational costs, etc. Hence life cycle costing related with the time stream of costs and benefits that flow throughout the life of the project. There are number of term use in industry to identify different stages in the life cycle costing techniques, hence flowing are the specially use in construction industry. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) Quantity surveyor assist to prepare this, based on collection and analysis of historic data on actual costs of occupying building (running cost and performance). Life cycle cost management (LCCM) Actually it is derived from life cycle cost analysis and identities, by this way client can be compare building cost and controlling occupancy cost throughout the life of building to get maximum value. Life cycle planning (LCCP) This is as part of life cycle cost management; it is constitute the prediction of total costs of a building, part or individual element taking account of initial capital costs, subsequent running cost and residual values. There are several costs related with acquiring, operating, maintaining disposing of a construction or building system. Hence related costs generally fall into Initial Costs, Energy Costs, Operation, Maintenance, and Repair Costs, Replacement Costs, Residual Values, Finance Charges, Non-Monetary Benefits or Costs. For Example: Sieglinde Fuller Source: Sustainable Building Technical Manual / Joseph J. Romm, Lean and Clean Management, 1994. Life cycle costing Terminology Explain the Quantity Surveyors role as a cost manager, in the life cycle of the project. Role of the Quantity Surveyor as a Cost Manager Quantity surveyor is the person/ firm who manage the cost relating to the construction projects, such as new constructions, maintenance work and renovations. Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every aspects of a construction project as a cost manager. Furthermore when study about Quantity Surveyors in Cost manger position also have to be identified their duties and Responsibilities properly. He should conducting feasibility studies and writing procurement reports at project inception stage. He should manage estimating and cost planning process and presenting the final cost plan. He should manage the procurement process, and make certain that all phases with pre-qualification, enquiry, analysis, selection and contract preparation are carried out effectively. Ensuring that post-contract cost variances and change control tasks are directed effectively. Involving with cost checking and valuation works to manage them effectively. Preparation of monthly post-contract cost reports and presenting them to the client. Preparation of value engineering and life cycle costing, and also final accounts negotiated and agreed process. Give leadership role mange the client and other consultants, at all project phases. Working with top managers and directors, and identify and performing new opportunities to improve the cost management procedures. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION Pre contract stages are vital important phases of construction project to execute pre-contract cost planning and controlling process in a proper way for completion of project successfully within client brief, hence as identified thorough this report, Quantity Surveyor has critical responsibility as cost manager involve to carried out entire pre-contract cost planning process in a proper way. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01933370799926998770noreply@blogger.com0