Ap American History Essay

1. â€Å"The opponents of the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War attacked slavery as the root cause of expansion, but in fact it was no more important than other causes.† Assess the validity of this statement, using the documents and your knowledge of U.S. history from 1820-1860 to support your answer. During the early-mid part of the 19th century (mainly 1820-1860) Americans objected many things they didn’t like. Taxes, the government, even presidents were some of the rejections of the people. But the one thing the people did not like during this time period was the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War. â€Å"The opponents of the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War attacked slavery as the root cause for expansion.† However, slavery was not the only reason America sought for expansion. Other than slavery, people wanted to expand America because they believed in Manifest Destiny (an idea during the 19th century in which people believed that America should expand over the entirety of North America) or because they feared that Texas was an independent state, even the Gold Rush in California (1848-1855) contributed to the expansion of America. Even though â€Å"the opponents of the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War attacked slavery as the root cause of expansion† the idea of Manifest Destiny, fear, and the Gold Rush were other important causes for expansion. As you may know, slavery was the key reason as to why people wanted to expand America, especially southerners. Abolitionists (people who were against slavery) did not like the idea that the expansion of America was based on slavery, but it was. In Document B it states, â€Å"Texas†¦will strengthen ‘the peculiar institution’ of the South, and open a new and vast field for slavery.† Many southerners wanted Texas to be annexed to America because it would allow the south to have more slave states (states that allowed slavery). However, people feared that if Texas was annexed, slavery would expand everywhere in America, and they did not want that. Document C also talks about slavery. It states that, â€Å"The slave population of America†¦must be increased.† Texas is annexed; it will benefit the South in moving some slaves out of the â€Å"superabundant slave population† and will ultimately improve the living conditions of slaves because they wou ldn’t be as crowded. You see, slavery was an important cause for expansion, but the idea of manifest destiny was just as important. The idea of manifest destiny came about the early part of the 19th century. People who believed in manifest destiny believed that America should be able to expand to the entirety of North America. In Document A, Thomas Hart Benson says, â€Å"†¦the American population has begun to extend itself to the Oregon [Territory]†¦I say to them all, Go on!† People like Mr. Benson want America to expand because they want the world to show the world how prosperous America is. In Document D, John L. O’Sullivan said, â€Å"A population will soon be in actual occupation of California.† In this document, Sullivan was talking about the California Gold Rush (1848- 1855). Since many people on the eastern side of America have been hearing about the sightings of gold in California, many people decided to venture out to California to collect some of it. Thousands of people rushed to California that it was given the term â€Å"gold rush†. The gold rush allowed America to expand itself into California, which was supported by the manifest destiny believers. Document E also talks about the ideas of manifest destiny. It states, â€Å"We ought to have the Bay of San Francisco! Why? Because†¦I think†¦our people [should move there]!† The author of Document E obviously believed in the idea of manifest destiny because he wants to see people in San Francisco, which is in California. The manifest destiny idea helped encourage people to have more pride in their nation, which allowed them to expand from the East coast of America to the West. However, not every idea of expansionism was happy. Others people wanted to expand America because of fear. In Document F it states, â€Å"None can fail to see the danger to our safety and future peace if Texas remains an independent state, or becomes an ally or dependency of some foreign nation more powerful than herself.† After Texas won its independence from Mexico in 1835, Texas could not cede the American Union because it needed to enter America with a free state (a state with no slavery) because of the Missouri Compromise (the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 in which stated that there would be no slavery in the Louisiana Territory above the 36th parallel). Since there were no other states to enter with Texas, Texas had to remain as an independent state for about ten years (1835- 1845). During that time, people urged for a state to enter as a free state with Texas because, since Texas was not a part of America, it could do whatever it wanted. Things like joining a d ifferent nation or starting a war with America were options that were available for Texas. That is why many people wanted Texas to join as quickly as possible. Thankfully, Texas joined with Iowa in 1845. You see, slavery was not the only cause for expansion in America. The idea of Manifest Destiny and fear allowed the expansion of America, even the Gold Rush encouraged people to settle in California, allowing America to expand from the east coast to the west.

High School Diferences Essay

There are four different grades in high school; freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. From when you are a freshman you always want to meet new friends, and get good grades. No matter what your grade is, you are still a student. So in a way, all the students are the same, but they do have tons of differences. Freshmen, first of all are still learning where L-Hall is, but they are trying to make new friends too. Freshmen are not bad people, they don’t hurt anyone, and that’s one of the good sides. The main problem about them is that they are stuck too much in middle school. Their body is in high school, but their brain was left over at Mountain View. To be honest, some freshman are great, they are nice, and respectful. The other three-fourths are immature and laugh at any â€Å"Your mom† joke still. Seniors are the â€Å"All Powerful†. Everyone (besides teachers) look up to them. Freshman try and talk to them, and juniors try to act like them. I believe that seniors are the role models of the school, and are treated much better than other underclassmen. Seniors are usually skipping class, and procrastinating. The other seniors are trying to keep their grades up while frantically looking for Financial Aid and planning on what they will do next. Seniors are much better than freshmen, and everyone knows it. Seniors are the laid-back, I-don’t-want-to-be-at-school kind of people. They usually show up late to class while the freshmen get there ten minutes early. Seniors are usually driving over to Taco Bell for lunch, while freshmen stare at the nasty school food waiting for it to move. Yes, they do have all these differences, but seniors were once freshmen. In conclusion, seniors are much more mature, but lazy people. While the freshmen are trying to fit in, and find L-Hall, They all have their differences, but they are all students. They are all just kids, going to school day to day, thinking about their future.

Gift Exchanging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gift Exchanging - Essay Example What actually this gift is It's a transfer or exchange of something voluntarily usually give to express one's love, solidarity, to express gratitude etc on any special occasion i.e. wedding, birthday, Christmas, anniversary, birth, father's day, mother's day etc The basic purpose behind this exchange of little things is to make your loved ones feel special and to make them feel that you care for them. But according to some people they are important in insecure relations. According to Caplow, Theodore. 1982. Christmas gifts and kin networks. Sociological Review, "What the ethnographic literature on gift giving does suggest is that ritual gift giving in any society is a method in dealing with relationships that are important bur insecure"1 Well now the culture has become advanced and as a result the gift exchange is no more a one way process but has taken the form of cycle which involves obligations to give, to receive, and to return. Endorse may exist to induce people to give, disapproval or loss of prestige resulting from a failure to do so. We can call it a moral norm but it varies from country to country for instance in Taiwan gifts like gold pen, imported liquor, gifts related to base ball, perfume, magazine subscription and anything high-tech is appreciated . In western world exchanging gifts in holiday seasons is a custom and if you become fed up of exchanging gifts people will suppose that you are a selfish person. Christmas gifts are other important features of American society. According to Caplow, Theodore, 1982 " Relationships with kin being more valued then other affiliations, it is not surprising that so much efforts goes into reinforcing them by ritual gift giving"2.. (Christmas gifts and kin networks. Sociological Review) In Japan you have to give a gift to a person in order to show respect, friendship or appreciation and in case you are meeting a person for the very first time it is necessary to exchange gifts. Moreover it is considered a rude behavior to give a gift to an individual in a group and ignore others. Another interesting fact about Japanese gift exchanging culture is that they avoid giving gifts in sets of four as the word "four" in Japanese is "shi," which is also associated with the word for death and pens are considered to be the very appropriate gift for your colleague. In Korea gifts between business associates are considered as the symbol of appreciation and the presenting expensive gift is a custom but don't present an expensive gift if the receiver is not financially strong enough to return the gift of same worth. 4 numbers is considered unlucky in Korea as well. Koreans Give and receive the gifts with both hands. Korean opens the gift in the presence of the one who presented them the gift. Chinese people often avoid exchanging expensive gifts. They avoid giving gifts in odd number as they relate it to loneliness and separation. Umbrellas and Clocks are also not considered as good gifts in Chinese civilization. Taiwan had even more interesting custom that is they avoid giving gifts with a label "made in Taiwan". They also avoid giving clocks, sweat cakes, umbrellas, scissors, mirrors, fans and hand towels as well. Business gifts are also very popular in Taiwan's culture. Moreover it is customary to reciprocate a gift with one of similar value. Numbers also play an important role in selecting gifts for example: in china 8 and

The Color Purple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Color Purple - Essay Example One of the prominent themes of the novel is the degree of suppression of the female African voice in early twentieth century American society. This is most evident from the events and circumstances in the life of the protagonist of the story, Celie. During her adolescent years, she was repeatedly raped and sweared at by her stepfather. She even bears his child through the whole term, after which the child is taken away and presumably killed by her stepfather. The oppression and disparaging attitude exhibited by her stepfather is obvious in the following passage: "Well, next time you come you can look at her. She ugly. Don't even look like she kin to Nettie. But she'll make the better wife. She aint smart either, and I'll just be fair, you have to watch her or she'll give away everything you own. But she can work like a man." (The Color Purple, Part 1, 1982) If this was traumatic enough, the unfolding events of her adult life are equally saddening and depressing. Her tumultuous adult life is about finding peace and calm in an existence that is constantly threatened by the abusive husband Albert, while also navigating the emotional confusion cause by her sexual attraction toward Shug. Fortuitously, though, her secret relationship with Shug serves to emancipate Celie to a degree, as she learns to act boldly and assertively like Shug. But the fact remains that the extent of abuse suffered by Celie is not only shocking but also touches the limits of individual tolerance. Another important theme/symbol in the book is that of God, to whom Celie writes letters regularly, hoping vainly for benign divine intervention in her life. In all the doom and gloom that is Celie’s life, the notion of God offers the only consolation and hope. Celie’s letters addressed to God is also an effective literary device employed by Alice Walker. Through the course of the novel’s narrative, one can see how Celie’s interpretation of God gradually evolves. At first, her view of God is that of a powerful white male. This naive representation is a product of her personal past experiences and the structure of American society at the time. For example, she notes in one of her earlier letters: "Yeah, I say, and he give me a lynched daddy, a crazy mama, a lowdown dog of a step pa and a sister I probably won't ever see again. Anyhow, I say, the God I been praying and writing to is a man. And act just like all the other mens I know. Trifling, forgetful and lowdown." (The Color Purple, Part 4, 1982) But the friendship with Shug helps Celie to discard this view to a more nuanced understanding of God – one who is beyond gender, race, time or space. What Alice Walker trying to show the reader is the growing maturity and emancipation of Celie through the content of her letters. In other words, her letters reveal the evolution and stirrings of liberation within. Moreover, the letters act as powerful theological symbols, drawing upon the rich traditio n of Christian epistolary. Finally, the color purple is also a thematic element in the story, for it represents the pain and suffering endured by Celie. Drawing upon the idiom ‘beaten black and blue’, purple stands for the color of clotted blood. It is also a symbol of Celie’

Does Different Business Strategy Is Indeed a Requirement for Success Essay

Does Different Business Strategy Is Indeed a Requirement for Success - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is even more profound in businesses surviving in competitive markets. Companies will, therefore, resort to innovation whereby new untapped markets will be created. However, creating and investing in new markets has its risks and disadvantages. The other option involves applying robust efforts to provide the same services and products better than any other player in the same industry does. However, the benefits cannot be retained for a long time. Therefore, the most successful business organizations resort to a hybrid of the two options. Best market players combine innovativeness and best of service to produce a different business field where competitors will find hard to compete. Most successful global business organizations have indeed survived the torrential market conditions by playing it differently. Apple is one of the leading companies in the production of high-tech electronic gadgets. Due to its su ccess, the company has become envy to most companies that are trying to follow its steps. With Steve Jobs as its current CEO, the company has achieved much success than other companies that have been in the industry for many years. Currently, the company’s market capitalization has exceeded $ 200 billion and this makes Apple find a position in the top ten companies in the globe. Currently, the company is ranked slightly below Microsoft, which is the leading technology company in the world. The most striking thing about the success of the company is how fast the company has achieved the success. Other market players in the industry are hoping to learn the secrets of the company and if possible emulate them. To understand Apple secrets, one needs to make a detailed analysis of its business strategies in order to determine how the same has indeed contributed to its success. Firstly, unlike other companies in the industry, Apple is a vertically integrated company. This implies th at the company control or owns most of the technology required to produce its products.

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Health care - Essay Example The Sage online dictionary defines health as ‘the general condition of body and mind’, as well as ‘A healthy state of well-being free from disease’ (The Sages Dictionary Online, 2012). This literal meaning assumes relative proportions when visualized through the glass of personal viewpoint on health, which might differ in individuals, or be heavily influenced by cultural and ethnic identity. A more comprehensive definition, as standardized and agreed upon by pertinent authorities in the World Health Organization (WHO), framed in the year 1946, states that ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ (Awofeso, 2012). The WHO bulletin claims that health was considered a divine gift in antiquity, until Hippocrates rationalized its comprehension as a physical state attained by following the basic tenets of sanitation and a good lifestyle. A more recent definition which includes the element of psychological health, with particular emphasis on human health, is the one given by Bircher, which states that health is a dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical and mental potential, which satisfies the demands of life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility (Bircher, 2005). The WHO definition has persisted for 60 years but has come under criticism due to the emergence of new patterns of illness due to the high number of aged persons in the world, who ironically survive due to better healthcare facilities developed over the years (Huber, Knottnerus, Green, et al 2011). Health promotion literally translates into any activity undertaken to maintain good health, as comprehended as a layperson. Technically, however, definition of the phrase is again provided by WHO which, in its Ottawa charter adopted in Geneva in the year 1986, states that ‘Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’ (WHO,

NGOs are an effective force in processes of conflict resolution and Essay

NGOs are an effective force in processes of conflict resolution and healing. Discuss using examples - Essay Example The cause of violence in schools is caused by peer influence that is becoming a more compelling influence upon social acceptance and rejection, parental attachment show a stronger statistical relationship with hostility and delinquency (Dodge & Somberg 1987). Human beings have always been influential in finding the most effective ways to resolve conflicts or crime in the society. The advent of the criminal justice system was the consequence of similar efforts and the experiences shows that the formal system of criminal justice, due to many reasons, has not been fully successful in achieving its mandate in most countries. Mounting court arrears, delay in case disposal and consistent rising rate of acquittals has resulted in the loss of public confidence in the system. Furthermore, it was felt that the victims of crime who are to be in the center are usually sidelined in the criminal justice process. Whichever the outcome of the court case, the victim does not get any considerable gain to mitigate his/her victimization and nothing will help to restore and repair the damage caused. In the search for alternative to litigation, it would be a necessity to dwell on those judicial process facets which promote the capability of the system to dispense the expectations that judges and courts render justice objectively and impartially. This paper tends to seek to explain the role played my mediation as a traditional way of resolving conflicts in today’s society that replaces court of law. Moreover, this paper seeks to explain deeply the mystery behind mediation as a tool to resolve disputes over the years. In the end, the goal is to provide a clear and better support for the ongoing and future mediation efforts in peace processes. Discussion Mediation is the process of third party intervention in the case of environmental disputes between two or three parties who are on a disagreement. Its characteristics include voluntary participation and agreement as well as conf idential. United Nations (2008) explains that third parties are organizations or organization called upon or has volunteered to manage or settle issues between conflicting parties. Mediation is known to be a mystery and most of the peace processes are a success story while some are dismal failures, and most are a combination of the two. This process is extremely complex and difficult as one has to help in transition of a society from war to peace taking in to consideration the fact that the parties in conflict use military means to attain their objectives. It gets even worse when it can result in the killing of thousands or more in the process. During mediation, dispute parties may start to realize that they can gain a lot from negotiation than from fighting. This, however, takes time as the mediators needs to also understand their intentions and motives, and why they chose use of arms in settling disputes (Mrcela 2009). The role of mediation/mediator Mediation is usually appropriat e for settling disputes like those brought about by both verbal and behavioral message misinterpretation, communication problems, personal conflicts, harassment and deception (Mrcela 2009). In special cases, mediation can be used to resolve disputes between work groups or trade unions, or management on one end and employees on the other end. An example is in Slovenian organizations where

Religion and Military Mission Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion and Military Mission Planning - Essay Example â€Å"A mission-planning system may accommodate either deliberate (scheduled) or ad hoc (unscheduled) planning and may operate in either a benign or hostile environment† (Seares). Military missions are planned when there is a need to control certain factors that are influential upon a certain community/communities in the state or the state as a whole. Most of the times, military missions are planned for the confiscation of property or land when another party, force or country has unjustifiably occupied it. Religion is often neglected in the planning of military missions because there is no religious concern. Another reason why religion has been conventionally neglected in the planning of military missions is the fact that a vast majority of the military missions were unexpected. The military missions had to be planned in a great hurry with very limited resources. In addition to that, religion has been neglected in the planning process because there is no interlink between the two. Religion lays a code of ethics, whereas there is no consideration of ethics in war. War means bloodshed. In the past, war was inevitable for many countries when there were some that wanted to conquer others. The question was of basic survival, not of religion. So religion was neglected in the planning process. Although religion should be considered in every walk of life, yet there is little, if any, guidance provided by any religion regarding the planning process of a military mission. Some religions do emphasize upon a need to fight for the right, even if you have to get martyred for that, but there is little if any, guidance regarding how individuals should go about it. Planning requires strategic thinking and thoughtful decision making. It has no concern with religion, except for certain situations i.e. how do militants offer prayers in the

In What Ways Can Film Be Seen as a Specific Art Form Essay

In What Ways Can Film Be Seen as a Specific Art Form - Essay Example The world is transformed first through the eyes of the director since he is the one visualizing, creating and re-creating a world for the public. Art centers on two ideas: beauty and life. Likewise, cinematic art focuses on aesthetics (the depiction of a portrait to appeal to the senses) and incorporates life images and themes. Through cinema, the author of the film production has the liberty to be unconventional and he can still adhere to the real by embracing a realist approach. improvisation, individual interpretation, reality, illusion, and entertainment of the senses. According to (Gazetas, 2008, 18), â€Å"the  art  of the  cinema  is the  art  of the mind insofar as movies are capable of transforming reality into an object of imagination that completely isolates the viewer from the real world.† Cinema has the ability to transform real objects into imaginative ones and to manipulate lighting, space, and color to explore different themes in-depth. Artists are bestowed with enviable liberties which renders them and their work very flexible. In other words, although the artist aims to give a true-to-life translation of an art piece (an episode in a character’s life), he is free to twist, distort and imagine facts in the real to simulate his own world and orchestrate the course of events. Chris Columbus, through J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, represents a transformed world which evokes a wonderland of childhood bliss and even  utopia. Set in a child’s paradise Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, one sees through the lens of fantasy, an idealized childhood, illusion, and nostalgia. The possibilities are unlimited, unrestricted from the boundaries of reality. On this stage, the artist makes modifications to the real. Fantasy is the art of infusing the supernatural within the mundane. Columbus as film director fully exploits the power of fantasy in the film, recreating a world in w hich the wizards and witches have constant encounters with the spiritual world. As a result, one sees the intermingling of both imagination and reality in film and in the real world. They do not inhabit separate spheres anymore.

Mercy Health Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mercy Health Systems - Case Study Example Mercy provides services that span four core service areas, including hospital-based services, clinic-based services, post-acute care and retail services, and insurance products. These four core service areas make up our comprehensive, vertically integrated delivery system, and integrated delivery is what makes Mercy unique in serving the full range of health care needs of our patients. As they've grown in size, they have increased the breadth and depth of care provided to our patients. They continually strive to improve the quality of care received, stretching themselves to exceed the most stringent standards. They are committed to providing patients with the latest technology; the best medical teams and expert, compassionate care as we work to fulfill their mission of providing exceptional health care services resulting in healing in the broadest sense. These powerful words encapsulate the Mercy Health System mission and organization's commitment to their patients and community memb ers. To support its commitment to service excellence and delivery of quality care, MHS incorporates customer requirements into the SPP and the PDCA improvement cycle through use of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Model. The CRM Committee uses this model to systematically review current and potential customer feedback and determine changing customer requirements. MHS's key customers include patients, communities, and employers/enrollees. Key inputs used to determine customer requirements, maintain dynamic customer interaction, and facilitate rapid response to needs include: - Patient/Customer Satisfaction Surveys. - Service Recovery Program (SRP). - Market

Japanese Exclusion Act of 1924 Essay Example for Free

Japanese Exclusion Act of 1924 Essay Japanese Exclusion Act of 1924, also known as the Immigration Act of 1924, was one of the federal laws of the United States that limited the quantity of immigrants to United States from any country to a certain percentage of the total number of people from that country who were already living in the United States based on the 1890 Census. As for the case of Immigration Act of 1924, only two percent f the total number of people already living in United States from other country since 1890 can only be admitted (Historicaldocuments. com 1). In fact, the Immigration Act of 1924 superseded the Emergency Quota of 1921, which required three percent of the total number of people already leaving in United States from other countries in 1910, in order to further intensify the lowering down of the total number of immigrants to the United States from other country. Specifically, the said law aimed to restrict Europeans especially those coming from the Eastern and Southern part of the said region including East Asians and Asian Indians among those regions that were restricted by the federal government of the United States from immigrating into their country. Furthermore, this act also barred all immigrants that were considered by the federal government as ineligible for citizenship based on the race, the region where a certain foreigner came from. Like for the case of those people from Eastern and Southern Europe as well as those people from the East Asia and Asian Indians was being prohibited by the federal government from naturalizing themselves into being an American citizen. Among of those countries that were greatly affected by the promulgation of the said law, it is Japan who showed great protest and actually requested the United States to move the said laws on the case of the Japanese. But at the end of the day, the federal government stick to their stand and continued the implementation of Immigration Act of 1924. Furthermore, the main argument of the Japanese why they were protesting on the said act was the clear violation of United States on the Gentleman’s Agreement. Now, it was deemed that this clash between United States and Japan caused great tension between the two countries and this served as the ground for Japan to become an ally of Germans during World War II. Now as for the scope of this paper, chains of events will be discussed and revealed on how the passing of Immigration Act of 1924 led Japan towards their collaboration with the Germans on the Second World War (UShistory. com 1). Early Years of Immigration to United States In the 1860s and 1870s the Chinese, most of them were men, made up of some 10 to 15 percent of the population of many western states. After the Chinese Exclusion Act as well as the filling of the West by pioneers, that the percentage must be dropped rapidly. Still, the Chinese population in the country continues to grow mainly because of the high birth rates and Chinese immigration to Canada. From 1870 to 1920 around 25 million immigrants entered the United States wherein the Southeastern Europe provided nearly 3,500,000 immigrants between 1900 and1920. While Italy on the other hand, contributed to around 3,100,000 immigrants to the United States and Russia as well as Poland contributed to around 2,500,000 immigrants. Moreover, there were more Japanese immigrants as compared to Mexico and France. In 1882, around 30,000 Chinese immigrants entered the United States brining the total of number of Chinese in US to 150,000. This is also the year where the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by the government that limits the number of Chinese that can enter the United States based on a certain percentage. This Chinese Exclusion Act is effective after 10 years and will deem to be permanent until the twentieth century. By 1908 to 1914, federal officials recorded 6,800,000 arrivals of foreign immigrants to the United States while on the other hand only 2,000,000 departures were accounted. Moreover, ninety two percent of the total number of people arrived to United States on 1910 said that they were about to join their friends and relatives that had been living in the United States plus the fact that almost ninety percent of all the immigrants settled either North or West while leaving a small percentage to drop into the South. By 1910, foreign-born men and women comprised about 53 percent of the national industrial labor force and 75 percent of the populations in New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland and Boston were made up of immigrants and their children. By 1916 in San Francisco, 75 percent of the total population regarded a foreign language as a primary tongue. Japanese Immigration to United States Japanese Immigrants to United States Started in 1880s when large number of farmers from Southern Japan moved to United States. There were no legislations that prohibited or regulate the number of immigrants to United States during those times regardless of from what country an immigrant came from. What caused the Japanese people to migrate to United States was the disenfranchisement of the regions of Japan from the industrial and land reforms during the â€Å"Meiji Restoration† thinking that they can improve their status of living from moving to another country. With the booming of sugar plantations in Hawaii, a lot of Japanese workers migrated on the said state of US and then later on moved forward to California. By the early 1900’s, Pres. Roosevelt mandated the San Francisco School Board to withdraw the order regarding the segregation of Japanese school children in exchange of Japan’s rein in on emigration of peasants and laborers to the United States. After this event, the Japanese government entered an agreement with the federal government of the United States agreeing upon to regulate the number and type of Japanese that can only be allowed to immigrate to United States which was widely known as the Gentleman’s Agreement (State. gov 1). Moreover, the Japanese government only permitted those educated Japanese citizens to immigrate to United States and restricting the immigration of laborers regardless if they were skilled or unskilled.

Growth of Heritage and Cultural Industry in the UK

Growth of Heritage and Cultural Industry in the UK Cultural heritage refers to the heritage sites that describe the unique culture of a society as well as in some cases it also refers to the culture of the whole nation. The UK is very rich with its heritage sites. Well, most of the heritage sites are man-made but there are some heritage sites that are natural such as wildlife, natural landscape, woodland, national parks and so on. Well, in the UK most of the attractive man-made heritage sites are_ British museum, Royal Academy of Arts, and in the UK there are lots of heritage historical buildings, monuments, a sculpture that make the heritage sites of UK rich. Different types of people come to visit these place such as_ students, researchers, tourists with family and so on. All of them have their own purpose to come here. Well, cultural and heritage sites in the UK play very significant role in the economic growth of UK. As the tourists number is increasing day by day the earnings from this sector also increase day by day. And that also increases the overall GDP of UK as well as increase the standard of living. The cultural and heritage sites are preserved by the government for the purpose of knowing people about their glorious history as well as culture. And the people only come to visit here when there will need it or they feel that they will get some benefit from the site if they visit. And if the people will not come to the purpose will not be fulfilled. For this reason, the responsible authority should give the proper benefit to the tourist so that they will come to visit the place and leave the place with huge satisfaction. P1.1 Analyze the growth and heritage of the heritage and cultural industry with special reference to the UK Heritage: Heritage is the tradition and legacy that is come from the past to the present. Well, heritage sites refer to that kind of place where the history was created. The legacy comes and the people still remember it as a part of the tradition. The government of a country preserves those heritage sites to let their citizens as well as rest of the world know their history and pride. Attractions: The UK is very rich with its heritage sites. Well, most of the heritage sites are man-made but there are some heritage sites that are natural such as wildlife, natural landscape, woodland, national parks and so on (Andrà ©s, 2013). Well, in the UK most of the attractive man-made heritage sites are_ British museum, Royal Academy of Arts, and in the UK there are lots of heritage historical buildings, monuments, a sculpture that make the heritage sites of UK rich. Cultural heritage: Culture is the moral belief, lifestyle, ritual of a specific society. The legacy comes and the people still remember it as a part of the tradition (Apostolakis and Jaffry, 2007). The government of a country preserves those heritage sites to let their citizens as well as rest of the world know their history and pride. Heritage is the tradition and legacy that is come from the past to the present. Cultural heritage refers to the heritage sites that describe the unique culture of a society as well as in some cases it also refers to the culture of the whole nation. The growth of heritage and cultural industry in the UK: The interest of people toward the cultural and heritage sites is increasing day by day because of the unique feature of those sites. In past days the heritage sites were not much popular, only the people came to visits those sites, who actually needed the information from those sites. But due to the advance technology and increasing awareness of people heritage sites is become is most attractive tourist place (Agapiou, Lysandrou, and Hadjimitsis, 2016). Different kinds of people from different countries are come to visit this sites. The increased number of tourist brings money with them and their money directly contributes to the national GDP of UK. Different types of people come to visit these place such as_ students, researchers, tourists with family and so on. All of them have their own purpose to come here. Well, cultural and heritage sites in the UK play very significant role in the economic growth of UK. The heritage and cultural sites earning are 5.17 Billion barring the domestic tourists and including domestic tourists, the procuring are 16.05 billion. Furthermore, it likewise appears through the social and legacy site 252704 individuals are getting to Employment including the characteristic legacy. IN UK the appearance for the heritage and cultural site 194.83 million of individuals. As the tourists number is increasing day by day the earnings from this sector also increase day by day. And that also increases the overall GDP of UK as well as increase the standard of living. P1.2 Discuss potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources referring to the case studies. For this task, a case study is given, and the case study describes the city of Lhasa, Well as Lhasa is already developed with the cultural and heritage sites. The Chinese government recently thinks about the development in this city. The government wants to build theme parks in Lhasa as well as he also wants to build a hotel for the tourist who will come to visit the city. Based on the development different conflicts arise and this is described in this following report. Potential Conflicts of interests Reason of Conflicts of interests, based on the case study of Lhasa, Tibet The case study describes that the Chinese government recently think about the development in this city. The government wants to build theme parks in Lhasa as well as he also wants to build a hotel for the tourist who will come to visit the city (Wang, 2015). The criteria of development are very large. Well as Lhasa is already developed with the cultural and heritage sites. The hotel will contain 1000 rooms and it will be very luxurious. Well, it is true that if the development takes place various tourists will come to visit the city. The activity that is taken by the Chinese government is great. In any case, there is some issue with each activity. The potential clash emerges among the distinctive partner who is included with the advancement (Bowitz and Ibenholt, 2009). Despite the fact that the activity will convey more travelers to the nation, the improvement will cost such a variety of things. The advancement can hurt the indigenous habitat of this range and additionally the proprietors of the other private legacy locales imagine that if the amusement parks will create they may lose their vacationer. The nearby individuals imagine that if the advancement is getting so much high that may endure them with parcel more things, for example, expanding the swarming, there is a possibility of blunder, and in addition, there is additionally a shot for harmed the conveying limit of these destinations. Well, whatever the thing is, each improvement has advantages and disadvantages. Now and then the improvement brings bliss for somebody and then again, the same advancement brings wretchedness for the other one. Therefore, the creator needs to test the ramifications of the improvement before beginning the advancement (Vallega, 2003). As the time develops every one of the general population is included in the tourism business. Presently a days everyone of the families has a portion of the empty once per year and every one of the general population will go in consistently. For this kind of examination, there are one thing is certain that is we as a whole impacting the tourism business. At the point when the lions share of individuals picked in one nation then the economy of this nation increment and the nation will be financially dissolvable. So the Chinese need to test the ramifications of the advancement and after that, the administration ought to step up with regards to the genuine i mprovement. P2.1 Assess the purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in meeting the needs of the different customers The cultural and heritage sites are preserved by the government for the purpose of knowing people about their glorious history as well as culture. And the people only come to visit here when there will need it or they feel that they will get some benefit from the site if they visit. And if the people will not come to the purpose will not be fulfilled. For this reason, the responsible authority should give the proper benefit to the tourist so that they will come to visit the place and leave the place with huge satisfaction. Heritage and cultural attractions of British museum: The British museum is the national museum of UK and it is dedicated to the history of the country, the culture of the country, the human history, and legacy of the country. It also contains the cultural and art and preserves it for the next generation (UÄÅ ¸uryol and KulakoÄÅ ¸lu, 2013). It was built in 1753 but it was opened publicly in 1759. It contains and preserves almost 8 million of works in different criteria. British museum also preserves the experiment of scientist and their books that is why this destination is so much attractive for the researchers. In here there are several types of tourist come to visit, some of them are students, some of them are scientists, some of them are researchers, and some of them are the common people visiting with their family. Well, they all have their purposes to visit. Students are come here to visit as they can learn so much from here, the researchers come here to get the information that is necessary for their researcher, scienti sts come here to visit and experience the previous works, and common people are actually come here to visit such historical sites with their family and they also interested in the history of this site. Well, as a different tourist has different interests, the management should ensure that all of the different interests can fulfil by the historical sight. So that the tourist and leave the place happily. Heritage and cultural attractions of Royal Academy of Arts: Royal academy of Arts is also most attractive heritage sights which are able to get the attention of people toward it. This site is dedicated to delivering the culture of this country as well as arts through different programs such as_ exhibitions, arranging events, seminars, campaigns etc. Different types of people are come to visit this place, some of them are students, some of them are scientists, some of them are researchers, and some of them are the common people visiting with their family (Severo and Venturini, 2015). Well, they all have their purposes to visit. Students are come here to visit as they can learn so much from here, the researchers come here to get the information that is necessary for their researcher, scientists come here to visit and experience the previous works, and common people are actually come here to visit such historical sites with their family and they also interested in the history of this site. Royal Academy of Arts delivers the history, pride, and h onor of the country through different culture, art and so on. To meet the need of its customer the organization should have to deliver the attraction according to the customers need. P3.1 Evaluate the Impact of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural sites The management of cultural and heritage sites vary according to its ownership styles. In the UK there are lots of cultural and heritage sites are available and their ownership style also varies. Most of the cultural sites are owned by the government of UK, but there are some other heritage sites that are managed privately. And some of the cultural and heritage sites are managed by the joint public-private partnership. The impact of these different types of ownership styles on the management of the cultural and heritage sites are discussed below. Public Ownership Under public ownership, the management is controlled and monitored by the government of that country (Sanna, Atzeni and Spanu, 2008). In the UK the management of the British museum is controlled by the government of that country. IT is the national museum of UK and it is dedicated to the history of the country, the culture of the country, the human history, and legacy of the country. It also contains the cultural and art and preserves it for the next generation. It was built in 1753 but it was opened publicly in 1759. It contains and preserves almost 8 million of works in different criteria. British museum also preserves the experiment of scientist and their books that is why this destination is so much attractive for the researchers. In here there are several types of tourist come to visit, some of them are students, some of them are scientists, some of them are researchers, and some of them are the common people visiting with their family. The overall management of British Museum i s controlled by the government of UK as it is a national asset of UK. Private or commercial Ownership Under private ownership, the management of the sites as well as the overall control of those sites is controlled privately. There are various cultural and heritage sites are available in the UK that is controlled under private ownership. British Academy of Arts is one of the best examples of Private ownership. Royal academy of Arts is also most attractive heritage sights which are able to get the attention of people toward it (Rugani et al., 2011). This site is dedicated to delivering the culture of this country as well as arts through different programs such as_ exhibitions, arranging events, seminars, campaigns etc. Royal Academy of Arts delivers the history, pride, and honor of the country through different culture, art and so on. To meet the need of its customer the organization should have to deliver the attraction according to the customers need. Though it is controlled by the private ownership the owner should follow the rules and regulation that are imposed by the government. P3.2 Roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and cultural industry As the heritage and cultural sites are managed by various ownership styles, each and every organization has to play some roles and responsibilities to manage the cultural and heritage sites. There are several types of tourist come to visit cultural and heritage sites, some of them are students, some of them are scientists, some of them are researchers, and some of them are the common people visiting with their family (Pinder and Vallega, 2003). Well, they all have their purposes to visit. Students are come here to visit as they can learn so much from here, the researchers come here to get the information that is necessary for their researcher, scientists come here to visit and experience the previous works, and common people are actually come here to visit such historical sites with their family and they also interested in the history of this site. Well, as a different tourist has different interests, the management should ensure that all of the different interests can fulfil by the historical sight. So that the tourist and leave the place happily. Cause they are the health of that organizations. If the tourist will not come then there will be no purpose for keeping these types of sites (Marrion, 2016). Well, for that the management of that organization should have to promote the destinations and they also have to provide those facilities that the tourists of these potential sights are seeking. Well, the management of this type of organization also responsible for keeping every important work within this organization as the national property. P4.1 Evaluate methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry for tourists. Cultural and heritage sites are becoming most popular places for a visit for the tourist in present days. From our college recently we took a tour to two most popular cultural and heritage sites of UK, one is British museum and another is Royal Academy of Arts (MacKinnon, 2014). Well, the management of those sites is actually responsible for the promotion of those sites. Different tourist has different interests, the management should ensure that all of the different interests can fulfil by the historical sight. So that the tourist and leave the place happily. Cause they are the health of that organizations. If the tourist will not come then there will be no purpose for keeping these types of sites (Khakzad and Van Balen, 2012). Well, for that the management of that organization should have to promote the destinations and they also have to provide those facilities that the tourists of these potential sights are seeking. Under public ownership, the management is controlled and monitor ed by the government of that country. In the UK the management of the British museum is controlled by the government of that country. IT is the national museum of UK and it is dedicated to the history of the country, the culture of the country, the human history, and legacy of the country. It also contains the cultural and art and preserves it for the next generation. Under private ownership, the management of the sites as well as the overall control of those sites is controlled privately. There are various cultural and heritage sites are available in the UK that is controlled under private ownership. British Academy of Arts is one of the best examples of Private ownership (Kahl, 2015). Royal Academy of Arts delivers the history, pride, and honor of the country through different culture, art and so on. As the tourists number is increasing day by day the earnings from this sector also increase day by day. And that also increases the overall GDP of UK as well as increase the standard of living. So the management of this organization has to promote these destinations to the potential tourists by using various media and most popular Medias are_ social networking sites, websites, web page, campaigns, the internet, television and so on. The UK is very rich with its heritage sites. Well, most of the heritage sites are man-made but there are some heritage sites that are natural such as wildlife, natural landscape, woodland, national parks and so on. Well, in the UK most of the attractive man-made heritage sites are_ British museum, Royal Academy of Arts, and in the UK there are lots of heritage historical buildings, monuments, a sculpture that make the heritage sites of UK rich. The management of cultural and heritage sites vary according to its ownership styles. In the UK there are lots of cultural and heritage sites are available and their ownership style also varies. Most of the cultural sites are owned by the government of UK, but there are some other heritage sites that are managed privately. And some of the cultural and heritage sites are managed by the joint public-private partnership. The management should ensure that all of the different interests can fulfil by the historical sight. So that the tourist and l eave the place happily. Cause they are the health of that organizations. If the tourist will not come then there will be no purpose for keeping these types of sites. For this reason, the responsible authority should give the proper benefit to the tourist so that they will come to visit the place and leave the place with huge satisfaction. References Agapiou, A., Lysandrou, V. and Hadjimitsis, D. (2016). The Cyprus coastal heritage landscapes within Marine Spatial Planning process. Journal of Cultural Heritage. Andrà ©s, M. (2013). Resources online in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage. Estudos de Conservaà §Ãƒ £o e Restauro, 1(2). Apostolakis, A. and Jaffry, S. (2007). The effect of cultural capital on the probability to visit cultural heritage attractions. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 1(1), p.17. Bowitz, E. and Ibenholt, K. (2009). Economic impacts of cultural heritage Research and perspectives. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 10(1), pp.1-8. Kahl, C. (2015). Ethnic and minority cultures as tourist attractions. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(2), pp.203-204. Khakzad, S. and Van Balen, K. (2012). Complications and Effectiveness ofIn SituPreservation Methods for Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 14(1-4), pp.469-478. MacKinnon, R. (2014). Heritage Conservation, UNESCO and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Eastern Canada. Ethnology, 36(1), p.383. Marrion, C. (2016). More effectively addressing fire/disaster challenges to protect our cultural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 20, pp.746-749. Pinder, D. and Vallega, A. (2003). Coastal cultural heritage and sustainable development: an introduction. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 4(1), pp.3-4. Rugani, B., Pulselli, R., Niccolucci, V. and Bastianoni, S. (2011). Environmental performance of a XIV Century water management system: An energy evaluation of cultural heritage. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 56(1), pp.117-125. Sanna, U., Atzeni, C. and Spanu, N. (2008). A fuzzy number ranking in project selection for cultural heritage sites. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 9(3), pp.311-316. Severo, M. and Venturini, T. (2015). Intangible cultural heritage webs: Comparing national networks with digital methods. New Media Society, 18(8), pp.1616-1635. UÄÅ ¸uryol, M. and KulakoÄÅ ¸lu, F. (2013). A preliminary study for the characterization of Kà ¼ltepes adobe soils with the purpose of providing data for conservation and archaeology. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 14(3), pp.e117-e124. Vallega, A. (2003). The coastal cultural heritage facing coastal management. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 4(1), pp.5-24. Wang, J. (2015). Flood risk maps to cultural heritage: Measures and process. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16 (2), pp.210-220.

Internship report

Internship report Introduction My two-month internship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation was a worthwhile experience as it helped me gain considerable and Professional knowledge about the way Moroccan diplomacy is exercised by carrying out different ministerial tasks and witnessing the way work is done in the ministry from translating documents to writing reports. My interest in International Studies and Political Science as an area of study goes back to my high school when I was keen on studying Philosophy, History and Geography. Although when I went to university I picked English Studies as my major, my growing interest in International Relations was reawaken after my three years of taking English Studies at Hassan II University, when I went to study Political Science at Beloit College under the PLUS Scholarship. The internship that I took in the ministry corresponds to my carrier interests and school major; it was also an opportunity to compare my experience as an intern at the Office of Tammy Baldwin in Beloit, Wisconsin that dated back to 2008 with my current internship in the ministry. My internship report is divided into four main sections; the first one is concerned with giving brief information about the ministry and its missions, the second one is concerned with duties and tasks that I was assigned to do in my internships, the third one is devoted to the knowledge and experience that I learned and finally the fourth section includes my critical assessment of my internship in the ministry by identifying the things that I want to change if I am to work in the ministry and comparing it to my previous internship in the USA. The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation is one of the four ministries in Morocco in which the ministers are directly appointed by the king. It is concerned with the foreign policy of Morocco and managing its diplomatic relations with foreign countries and non-state actors like the UN. The current Foreign Minister is Mr. Taieb Fassi Fihri and his secretary general is Mrs. Latfia Akherbash. The ministry undertakes various operations that can be summarized into six missions: The first one is to drive the diplomatic action of Morocco by representing its interest at the international level, insuring the development of international cooperation and coordinating the foreign relations of Morocco. The second point is to serve as the official representative of the monarchy in front of foreign countries and international and regional organizations, therefore any communication or agreement between a foreign country and Morocco must first go through the ministry before reaching its direct destination in the kingdom. The third mission is to be involved in the preparations of conferences and meetings at the international level and represents the monarchy in those manifestations. The fourth missions are to conduct negotiations of agreements, conventions and treaties that have political and diplomatic character and to coordinate the economical, political and social engagements of Moro cco. Moreover, with the exception of treaties, the ministry has the power to renew or reject any argument if it is deemed to not be in the interest of the kingdom. The fifth mission is to afford the protection of the rights of Moroccans living abroad and foreign citizens taking refugee in the monarchy, in addition to that the ministry also coordinates the activities of the public services situated outside of the country. Finally the ministry has the responsibility to inform regularly the government about the status of Moroccos foreign relations. As far as the structure of the ministry is concerned, it is divided into two main sections: the direction of bilateral relations and the direction of Multilateral relations and global cooperation, the former directions is further divided into five divisions according to geographical locations such as Arab and Islamic Affairs Division , African Affairs Division, and American Affairs Division†¦.while the second direction is concerned with Moroccos relations with non-state actors, international organizations and multilateral cooperation. This direction contains many sub-directions like Protocol, Cultural and Scientific Cooperation Direction†¦My assigned department was the American Affairs Division which is divided into two main services: Political Affairs Service and Bilateral Cooperation Service, I was assigned to the Political Affairs Service practically in the American and Caribbean section. The way the American continent is divided in the ministry is based on linguistic ra ther geographic criteria, where Central and South America speak Spanish and Portuguese while in North America and the Caribbean it is English that dominates as the official language. As a result, two sections exist within the department of American Affairs one concerned with the region of Northern America and the Caribbean and the other concerned with Central and South America. The Political Affairs Service is mostly involved in the political and diplomatic aspects of Moroccos foreign policy in harmony with its relations with the American continent. it was interesting to notice the that Morocco before starting or renewing any relation with a country a huge emphasis is put on the Sahara issue which represent the national cause number one in the ministry. The main tasks of the direction are the diplomatic and political negotiations of bilateral accords and the coordination of the exterior engagements that can be economic, commercial or social. The Tasks That I Accomplished In The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs And Cooperation Mr. Abderrahim Errehali, who is responsible for the political affairs of the Americas, was my supervisor who introduced me to the personnel that work in the division, the most prominent characteristics that I noticed in the American Affairs division is the hierarchical structure that the ministry follows where the director of the American division, Mr. Fouad Yazourh, is at the head of the department followed by chief of the Political Affairs Division, who is my supervisor, and with an equal status is Mrs. Farida Loudaya Who is the chief of the Bilateral Cooperation Service, then followed by Mr. Mostafa Rezzouk. And finally the hierarchy ends with the personnel and the secretaries. The main tasks that I was assigned to do in my internship tend to fall on clerical duties that vary from translating documents to writing reports. One of the most frequent tasks that I was asked to do during my internship in the ministry was to translate documents mainly from English to Arabic or to French and vice versa, the task is of an immense importance to the ministry especially within my department, Since the monarchy has special relations with the US and it is crucial to make its points of view understood in America and vice versa. The documents that I was assigned to render, include official correspondence with various embassies of Northern America and Caribbean countries, conferences reports and the framework of future conferences The translation was a rewarding experience because it did not only make me sharpen my English vocabulary but also my French and Arabic ones, especially in the domain of diplomacy. the internship was also an opportunity to have an experience in mak ing formal translations by paying attention to the salutations and giving each political figure his own respect, a point which has to do with cultural difference between Arabic, French and English that must be carefully considered to avoid any misinterpretations and fatal errors . One of the most frequent tasks that I was assigned to undertake are conducting research and summarizing official documents and reports, the research process was an enriching activity as it was an opportunity me to learn much information about issues that demand thorough understanding in the ministry. I made research about various subjects like the speech that Obama delivered in Cairo in June 4, 2009, the economic crisis and its effects on governance and the new American ambassador Mr. Samuel L. Kaplan in Rabat†¦ It is also very important to be aware and have a critical analysis of the international events that does only have to do with Morocco but also with different countries in the world. For instance, in my department the expulsion of two Canadian diplomats by Russia in and its aftermath was an important event to write a report about and impart it to the director. hence, One of the tasks that are crucial in the ministry is to be updated of any report or article that mention Morocco, mainly from the American think tanks, and during my stay I was asked to prepare summaries about the main points mentioned about the kingdom in the human trafficking report published by the UN, the Economic Freedom Index published by the Heritage Foundation and also about two reports that appeared in the International Crisis Group website: one about the issue of Sahara and the other about the issue of Algerian armament. Furthermore, I was also asked to write congratulatory letters to congratulate particular countries for the celebration of their national days, my colleague in the office introduced me to the way congratulatory letters are written and I drafted three congratulatory letters for Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica and Saint Kitties. He also showed me other kinds of letters that are usually drafted in the ministry: like a letter to congratulate a particular country upon such events as winning elections or to express condolences for a sad event. In the second half of my internship I asked my supervisor if I can work on a project or an issue that is related to the American Department and he assigned me to do some research about the Free Trade Agreement between Morocco and the USA. In order to get access to the archives my supervisor introduced me to Mrs. Houda Zemmouri, the person responsible for the FTA agreement in the department, who provided me with access to the archives and showed me the summaries of the seminar â€Å"Maximizing Trade with the United States† that was held in Casablanca in 9 and 10 June, 2009. Mrs. Zemmouri advised me to make a general research about the FTA while paying attention to the current performance of the Moroccan economy and contrast it with similar Middle Eastern countries that signed free trade agreements with the USA, particularly Egypt and Jordan. The aim of utilizing comparison is to find Moroccos strong and weak points and culminating it by drawing recommendations in respect of the comparison results so that Morocco would efficiently benefit from the agreement. As far as my research methods are concerned, I relied on the documents from the archives that were provided to me by Mrs. Huda Zemmouri who was very accommodating and ready to lend a hand, I also relied on the internet, mainly the website of the FTA that provided the agreements articles online. In addition to that, the websites of the Moroccan newspapers such as La Vie Economique and L`Economist, were very useful. I began my research by giving a historical perspective of the US-Moroccan relation that dated back to 1978, when Morocco was the first country to recognize the independence of the United States, a fact that was mentioned by President Obama in his Cairo speech. Then I talked about the implementation of the FTA, its rules and how they are meet and my last part was devoted to contrast the performance of Morocco with the ones of Egypt and Jordan upon their signature of Free Trade Agreements and b ased on the comparison I made a conclusion by stating the importance of the FTA for both Morocco to make its economy more competitive and for the USA to take advantage of what Morocco offers and make an example to lead the MAFTA that is schedule to start in 2012. In the end, I presented my finished work to my supervisor who took a look at it and ask me to make some alteration to the final version. The Knowledge I Obtained From My Internship It was very interesting to notice the use of language in the ministry, although the official language in Morocco is Arabic, the language that is still frequently used in the office is French with some differences from one department to another, and what I have noticed is that whenever a letter from the US embassy is sent to the ministry that is concerned with the parliament or the place it is very important to follow the formal correspondence with Arabic equivalent. However, when the letter is directed to some other ministries, like Ministry of Finance, it is very important that a French translation must accompany the letter while the use of Arabic is rare, a thing that I also noticed when I was delving in the archives of the FTA between Morocco and USA where I seldom come across an Arabic document whereas there was a plethora of French files. When I was working on the project I noticed the way conference summaries were executed, mostly in French, with the first page being dedicated to the headings (subject, date) and the center is a summary of the main points that were discussed in the conference while the last page includes the names of the participants and their titles, phones and emails. Working on the project was very valuable because it made research an issue of utmost importance to Morocco and gain knowledge in it. For instance, the project added to my learning that the FTA was signed in 2004 but did enter into force until 2006 due to the issue of Moroccos concern about its economy and society to meet some US standards that are delicate to the kingdom, mainly the copyrights laws (TRIPS) and the consequences of the inflow of US agricultural products on Moroccos economy such as wheat and meeting the WHO SPSS requirements. It is interesting to notice that Morocco is the fourth country to sign an agreement with the US, upon the initiation of the FTA with the USA the volume of bilateral trade exchange between the two countries experienced an increase. The targeted industries in Morocco are textile, leather and agriculture. Furthermore, Morocco signed many free trade agreements countries with 54 countries. In my comparison I noticed that Morocco compared to Jordan and Egypt has higher labor cost in addition to its reliance on European countries to buy fiber in contrast with the geographic proximity of Egypt and Jordan to cheap fiber suppliers such as: India an Turkey. I learned a lot of information by reading various reports that are published by different US think tanks like World Heritage and International Crisis The issue of Sahara is vital to Moroccos foreign policy as it the national cause number one that the morocco is working to solve through diplomatic means by persuading countries to not recognize RASD or to suspend their recognition for countries that already have relation with Polisario. in my internships I went into discussions about the subject and the countries that recognize the Polis Rio while none of the major powers recognize it, of the 46 countries that recognize RASD, most of them come from Africa and Latin America particularly in the Caribbean where the only country that has never recognized RASD there is Bahamas and among those who recognized RASD only Saint Lucia and Dominica canceled their recognition in 1989 and Dominican republic in 2002. In addition to that, of the four 4 countries that does not recognize RASD were in favor three of them voted in favor of the Algerian proposal in 2006 a fact which portray to the need of more diplomatic relations. The fact that Caribbe an countries recognized RASD did not hinder Morocco from establishing political and economic and cultural relations with the Caribbean. For instance, as afar as cultural cooperation is concerned, there is a program that is funded by the ministry that grants scholarships to Caribbean students to study in Al Akhawayn University. However, Morocco did only cut its diplomatic relations with two major countries in the region Cuba in 1980 and Venezuela in 2009 due to their recognition of RASD and establishment of its embassies in their countries. The wide concern in the United States over the rise of the radical left in America particularly in Venezuela and Bolivia was also a shared concern for Morocco, leftist government mainly those forming alliance with Hugo or what is called the populist left in contrast with the center left of Brazil and Chile as they have the potential to support polisario. I gain enormous knowledge of the Caribbean countries during my internship, although the region is geographical small with 17 countries. The most striking point that I learned, apart from the fact of being the highest place that support polisario, is the way it constituted, as many countries in central America and South America are also included in the area. Like Belize, Surinam, cooperative republic of Guyana which are belong to that area fro historical, linguistic and cultural reasons as most of those countries speak English and tend to have a rupture with the Spanish countries in Central and South America. In addition to Venezuela that has strong presence there. The region is untied under one regional organization called CARICOM (Caribbean Community) where only 2 countries are not included: Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The Vienna convention: The two major incidents that marked the Ministry was when Ben abdellah was asked to come to Morocco and the case of Norwegian embassy and its complicity in the abduction of the two children of the former athlete Mr. Sekkah Benefits of Translation the nature of working in public administration particularly in the ministry The way diplomatic relations are conducted: length and time that treaties and agreements take, signing treating between two countries is very demanding process that takes a long time due to the aim of the two countries to avoid any misunderstanding that would jeopardize their agreement, and this is why the process of translation is a huge where the main task is to compare the original document and its translation to see if there are any words that might alter the meaning of the treaty. The courses that helped me in the process: US-Maghreb Relations: FTA, Piracy, The Elements That I Want To Alter In The Ministry My internship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation was a rewarding; however my experience in the ministry could have been more beneficial and effective if certain conditions were provided. First, the AUI should provide student who are willing to intern in the ministry with contact information of Alumni student working in the ministry so as to make the incoming interns aware of the nature of the work they should be expecting and provide them with sources to answer questions they have about their internship. Second, it would more effective if student know of their assigned department ahead of time so that they will not be surprised by their department on their first day in addition to make them avoid going through the transfer. Third, taking particular classes before doing an internship will be helpful, mainly the courses of Moroccan Foreign Policy and Research Methodology as many of the assigned task are related to doing research and writing reports and summaries. Concerning the nature of work in the ministry I would make a list of think tanks and Particular newspapers to be checked out daily, Preparing some daily work that can be done daily like looking for articles that mention Morocco in newspapers. The personnel should have some seminars of latest innovations in computer and Information technology to keep them updated of what is new in this domain, therefore enhancing their performance. To improve my research and writing report skills Comparison The main points that I noticed in comparing both my internship experience in the USA with the one in Morocco has to do with the extensive of use such tasks as translation while they are quite absent in USA. In both instance I notice the importance of the media and checking it on daily basis to look for article that mention Tammy Baldwin and those that mention morocco Responding to phone calls Writing support letters, organizing the archives, faxing newspaper articles and call sheets, searching for grants and bills The constituent call sheet Emails accounts Clothes and formality Conclusion The internship was a golden opportunity to broaden my experience in diplomacy and moroccos foreign policy by witnessing how diplomacy is exercised in the ministry. I learned valuable information and gained a professional experience that is relevant and directly related to major.

Attitude is a Learned Behavior Essay -- Psychology Essays

Attitude is a Learned Behavior Attitude is a learned behavior that can be changed based on the individuals choice and wiliness to change. The Webster’s New World Dictionary defines attitude in three different ways; first is a bodily posture showing mood or action, second is a manner showing one’s feeling or thoughts and third is one’s disposition. In General Attitudes are the feelings and thoughts you have about yourself and how you interact with other people. Attitude plays apart of everything in society’s life, from taking your first steps, going to high school, choosing a college, getting a job and choosing a mate. If attitude makes us who we are, gives us our character, then the question I purpose to you is, can you really get an â€Å"attitude adjustment† or is our attitude defined at birth? For centuries, people have been intrigued with the question of what is human about human nature. How much of people’s characteristics and attitudes comes from â€Å"nature† (heredity, unable to change) or how much is from â€Å"nurture† (the social environment, contact with others) and the ability to change. It is for certain that physical and mental abilities are established by heredity, such as ability at sports and mathematics. As well as the color of your eyes, the size of your nose and your mother’s freckles. While such basic orientations to life, like your attitude, are the result of the environment one lives in and thus fore can be changed. So, what about the nurture side of the equation, or the environment that gives us our attitude? Culture is a system of ideas about the nature of the world and how people should behave in it that it shares—and shared uniquely—by members of a community, that continually judges ones actions, hen... ... that attitude can be changed or at least influenced by our environment. Our attitude is a learned behavior that can be changed by the individual’s choice to make that change. I agree that a person’s attitude begins with their own personal feelings, values, and beliefs, but the knowledge of the values and norms of our culture also can define who we can be or should be. After all, if a person couldn’t change their attitude, then how could they grow and learn or just simply adapt to ones environment. For some parts of life, the blueprint is drawn by heredity; but for other parts, the individual is a blank slate, and it is entirely up to the individual to change what is written on that slate. You alone can make your density great by doing on simple thing â€Å"getting an attitude adjustment†. Attitude is your life, yours affects everybody and everybody’s affects you.

Causes of the French Revolution Essay -- History France French Revolut

Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution was essentially a class war between the emerging Bourgeoisie against the Privileged class, this meant they saw the Privileged class as the only hurdle between themselves and equality within French society. Many of the ideas they pursued stemmed from the enlightenment and they believed that in order to gain their full economic, social and political potential and gain equality, the Bourgeoisie had to eradicate the privileges that were halting their rise in society. To do this they had to seize power for themselves and gaining power within the government and making badly needed changes, such as, improving the tax system, creating a fair system of production where profits went to the producer, improving the whole fiscal system of the government, improving the geographical divisions of France and the problems they caused, plus many more. The revolution was a fight for equality and recognition by the Bourgeoisie, it was not a revolt against poverty, for many of the French people had been living in poverty for centuries and had learnt to live with it . France had prospered in the Eighteenth century. France had had no major famines or plagues, its population had increased, there had been no wars on its soil, industry such as textiles was doing well and offshore trading had increased enormously. It was the Bourgeoisie that had enabled this abundance of wealth and they were emerging as the economic power inside France. But their new found power was being smothered by the privileged class. The privileged class of nobility and clergy, who owned the bulk of the land, were using their ancient rights to plunder most of the profits that were made by the lower classes. This meant that the; Ã ¬Prosperity came only to those who held fairly large estates, who exercised feudal rights, or who could manipulate farm rents.Ã ®1 The only people who fell under these categories were the Nobles of the robe and the clergy. So in order to get the prosperity equally divided in society and thus profit themselves, the bourgeoisie had to get rid of the privileged classes ancient rights. To do this they had to revolt against the government, that supported the privileged classes and which was reluctant to make the necessary reforms. It is seen here that it was the Bourgeoisie were struggling against the Privileged class ... ...hed to them, because their privileges were taking large percentages of profits, adding on-costs to goods, causing massive inflation and reducing the wages of the middle class. In order to do this though they had get the reforms they wanted by having a role in government and take some of the power from the king, because he supported the Aristocracy. At no point in the build up to the revolution did poverty become an issue, the Bourgeoisie were looking after their own interests and trying to create a equal society in which they would become the most powerful and richest. Word Count:- 2,148 words Citation 1. Johnson, D. (1970) The French Revolution, Wayland, London. 2. Townson, D. (1990) France in Revolution, Hodder and Stoughton, London. 3. Townson, D. (1990) France in Revolution, Hodder and Stoughton, London. Bibliography 1. Microsoft Encarta, USA, Funk and Wagnall's, 1994 2. Ergang, R. Europe From the Renaissance to Waterloo Third Edition, USA, Heath and Company, 1967 3. Townson, D. France in Revolution, London, Hodder and Stoghton, 1990 4. Fisher, H. A History of Europe Volume 2, G Modern European History - French Revolution Essay - Jonah Haines - 1293

Media Violence and Its Effects Essay -- Media

Imagine one day you lost your television. You lost your favorite talk show, your CNN, your favorite cartoon and all of your connections to the whole world. Throughout decades, media have became one of the most powerful weapons in the world. As time passed, more and more varieties of media were shown, like television, magazines, and internet. From reporting the news to persuading us to buy certain products, media became the only connection between people and the world. But violence in media is shown everywhere, it is hard to turn on your media source and not find violence displayed on the screen, no matter its television, internet, print media, or even radio. Eventually, media became a contributing factor to violent and aggressive behavior of youngsters, especially teenagers. Media violence has caused many negative effects in society. The main reasons for the unstoppable growth of media violence are because of the continue disregard of this matter, the demand for violence from the aud ience, and the effects it has on youngsters. The society is accepting everything media shows as a ...

Zen Plastics Company

This report aims to examine partnership arrangements and clearly identify advantages and disadvantages in terms of entering the export market. Besides, it is necessary to have a competent understanding of how Zen Plastics would successfully go into the export market and what they do to achieve this. Critically look at Zen Plastics’ s structure to see if the exporting is a suitable strategy for the firm concerned. The partnerships that Zen Plastics could enter into In some countries Zen Plastics cannot sell directly to the end user but must use a local agent or representative.Thus, they should enter into some partnerships. It is possible for Zen Plastics to use manufacturer’s representative or sales agent in local area. In other circumstance, the foreign distributor may purchase the product from Zen Plastics and is always responsible for payment of the item being exported. Accordingly, joint ventures might be a common way for most of exporting companies when two business es in different counties get together to start a new venture. This method normally follows one route such as licensing, franchising, industrial co-operation and contract manufacture.As for Zen Plastics, licensing, franchising and contract manufacture would be the appropriate ways to be taken into account. The owner of the licence grants someone the rights to produce goods using that licence. The owner of the licence allows other manufacturers to use the character in return for payment of a fee. In a word, the licensor won the rights and the licensee buys the rights. A franchise operation comprises a franchiser and a franchisee. The franchiser owns the rights to the products and sells these to the franchisee. This is used by exporters to get into overseas markets that are protected by tariffs or other barriers.It involves the manufacturer placing an order for the production of agreed items in another country. The export facilitating companies that could assist Zen Plastics to enter f oreign markets With the assistance of Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the people’ s Government, Zen Plastics can implement and carry out the state foreign principles, policies and relevant laws and regulations as well as the decisions made by Communist Party of China (CPC) and study and formulate working schemes and plans for key foreign affairs.To conduct investigation and study according to the needs in the process of economic and social development as well as the opening-up campaign and to provide proposals and suggestions for the decision-making. CHINA GROUP COMPANIES PROMOTION ASSOCIATION, it can help Zen Plastics correct evaluate the proposed market, research on size of target market, and then take further measures to plan. With the help of CGCPA, it can promote business cooperation and foreign matchmaking.They can investigate on the multinational business strategy formulation and implementation and the management of overseas companies to understand the s ituation and to exchange experiences as well. A new proper organization structure to assist Zen Plastics in its new venture Before Zen Plastics start exporting they must decide what their objective for exporting is. They must decide what type of work that needs to be done to accomplish the company profits or other objectives.There are many ways a company can create its structure. The most common are: Functional organization, Regional organization, and Product organization In the topical issue of environmental protection has become a global imperative to resolve the contradiction, Zen Plastics should seize the rare opportunities for the revolutionary era – the green plastics, it widely promotes the use of green plastics by making their own efforts depend on a new organization structure, which can assist Zen Plastics in its new venture.Summary With the help of the report, some relevant information about the various routes to the market place both direct and indirect can be prov ided. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of each and organizational structure have been discussed, and apply it to the case study.

Stanley Milgram

Megan Randolph RC 250 Marcia Clay 11/3/09 A Summary of Stanley Milgrams fealty Study Stanley Milgram, a professor of amicable psychology, conducted a research study scratch line in July of 1961. This research measured the willingness of role players to all obey or disobey an role figuring giving them on a conflict between fealty to asc demolitionence and personal conscience. Milgram set up this try step up at Yale University to test how much upset an public citizen would inflict on some other person just because an tryal scientist coherent him to.Virtually one thousand adults were observed in this proveation, and several different conditions were launched to find a limit to which the candidate would continue the secern from the experimenter or refuse the order and end the experiment. This experiment consisted of a triangle, beginning with the experimenter, which was the authority, the executant, which was the participant, and the dupe, which was the student. twain apprentice and instructor were given a sample 45-volt galvanising cut from an utensil attached to a chair into which the instrument-learner was to be strapped.The fictitious story given to the teachers was that the experiment was intended to explore the effects of penalisation for incorrect responses on learning behavior. The participants were primary paid to participate in the experiment making it feel more real. A progression of unrevealed capacitys in their roles as teacher were given simple retentivity tasks in the form of reading lists of dickens word pairs. The teacher then asked the learner to read them back and was instructed to administer a shock by pressing a button each time the learner made a dislocate.It was understood that the electric shocks were to be of increased by 15 volts in intensity for each mistake the learner made during the experiment, while the actor/learner screamed and yelled louder every time. The participant believed that for every wrong ans wer, the learner was receiving tangible shocks. In Fact, there was a pre-determined give-up the ghostwriting that the teacher had no imagination about. The idea that the subject thought these shocks were actually victorious place, and they continued to follow the orders, is where the experiment became disturbing.This experiment, test the willingness of normal people to carry out unethical acts, was life changing in how Milgram viewed the larger culture, for the worse. Milgram stated after finish the experiment, the most fundamental lesson of our study ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular aggression on their part, can be stupefy agents in a terrible destructive process. This is scary, this is the explanation of our greater public, and its all shown through and through this Behavioral Study of Obedience, states Milgram.Sixty five part of participants made it to the final 450-volt shock in Mailgrams first study. Milgram tested the experiment i n four different ways of the instantaneousness of the victim. Beginning with the first condition, the victim was situated in a nonher way of life and could not be seen or heard by the participant, only pounding on the fence in when volts reached over 300. This condition was titled contrasted feedback, and was revealed to be easier for the participant to continue the experiment without remorse.The second condition is where the voice protests were commenced and the teacher could hear the victims complaints titled voice feedback. Although they could hear the learner, the victims were still soft put out of mind because they could not be seen. The third experimental condition, Milgram rigid the victim in the same room as the participant, being both app bent and audible, the proximity. When the victim was close it was more heavy to exclude him, making it more severe for the participants to obey the experimenter.Lastly, the fourth condition was the vestige proximity, where the vict im received a shock only when his hand rested on the shock plate. When the victim would refused to place his hand on the plate, the experimenter would order the participant to come in physical contact with the victim and force his hand onto the plate. The Mechanism of demurrer can no longer be brought into play in the proximity conditions. Its not as easy to damage a person when you can visually see the pain one is inflicting. cardinal adult subjects were studies in each condition.The data revealed that obedience was significantly reduced as the victim was rendered more immediate to the subject. According to Stanley Milgrams report slightly Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority, there are many different factors they may furbish up the end result of a subjects obedience to a dominating figure. These factors include, the immediacy of the victim, impropriety of authority, tensions, and background authority. The locality of each patch showed differences in the r esponses of the participant and their willingness to obey or disobey the experimenter.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Marijuana is actually a safer alternative.Alternately, the American Medical Association (AMA) does not support smoked marijuana as medicine (1995-2013).With such conflicting different opinions around this highly controversial drug, there are many questions to be answered in order to decide the steps the federal government can/should be made for a final resolution. Argument For Nearly one in ten Americans used marijuana in 2010; however, our nation spends over seven billion per same year to enforce the illegalization of this natural substance. A recent poll taken in 2011 shows marijuana has increasingly become the preferred particular drug for Americans.Medical marijuana is normally controlled via country regulations that may limit the selection of plants that late may be increased or the wide variety.Dr. Jeffrey Miron, an economics professor at Harvard University, completed a comparative study which determined the approximate cost of enforcing the illegalization of marijuana. The report estimates legalizing marijuana would save, â€Å"$7. 7 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition.

Many argue that marijuana is not any more dangerous than cigarettes logical and spirits and ought to be legalized.). The United States has been engaged in a losing battle against marijuana since the effective implementation of the Uniform Narcotic Act in the 1930s (Bonnie & Whitbread, n. d). We are not only wasting $7.So why Marijuana old has to be penalized.2 billion if it were taxed like alcohol or tobacco† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d. ). Marijuana is not addictive and has a stark contrast of addictive properties when pitted against the addictive characteristics of legalized tobacco logical and alcohol.

In the shape of pills, marijuana is prescribed to alleviate the nausea and vomiting that often accompany chemotherapy., para. 2). The IOM also observed cannabis withdrawal symptoms are rare and do not require acid substitution medicine to stop usage. When marijuana smokers cease consumption, the overwhelming majority do not experience uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms demanding re-initiating use of marijuana according to the IOM.Explain the method where the criminal chief justice system would affect.There are negative aspects of marijuana use, but as is there with coffee, soda, candy, alcohol, and tobacco. Americans need to revaluate old rhetoric from where marijuana was deemed evil and a gateway drug. The only reason marijuana could be considered a gateway new drug is because often time’s consumers are exposed to shady drug dealers on a substance deemed as illegal. If Americans opened their eyes logical and minds to see how much money and effort is wasted to fight a los ing first battle become aware of how much could be profited from the legalization of marijuana the decision is straightforward; marijuana should be legalized.

Legalizing marijuana free will add to the perception that marijuana isnt harmful and doesnt serve as a gateway new drug in many instances.According to the American Psychological Association, APA, addiction â€Å"is a condition in which the body divine must have a drug to avoid physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms† (2013). Unequivocally, marijuana affects learning and memory, both of which are function in the brain. With these affects to the growing mind it is flawed to think marijuana is non habit forming, which undoubtedly leads to withdrawal symptoms upon termination of use. smoke Marijuana is sex-inhibiting.Marijuana was banned for a long time in contrast.Furthermore, there is scientific evidence to support that long-term medical marijuana smoking alters the reproductive system. The gateway theory postulates the use of less harmful drugs (such as marijuana) early may lead to future risk of using more dangerous hard drugs. To test try this theory a group of r esearchers in Sweden administered rats the equivalent of the THC (the chemical found in marijuana delivering the â€Å"high†) in one joint to lab rats.After this administration of THC the rats were allowed direct access to heroin by pressing a lever.

When stopped and frisked, marijuana is for.Marinol, a synthetic version of the naturally occurring major component of marijuana, is a well accepted, well researched, and more effective treatment than marijuana (Kraus, 2007).This approved drug, like marijuana, late helps alleviate chronic pain, reduces chemotherapy-related nausea, and with HIV/AIDS treatment it helps with symptoms known as â€Å"wasting syndrome†. Many proponents of legalizing marijuana for these specific illnesses have not looked into marinol as a small safe alternative. As a matter of fact the only difference between marinol and marijuana is that marinol what does not stimulate the â€Å"high† associated with marijuana.Medicinal Marijuana is the ideal choice for treating PTSD.Marijuana is prohibited and it puts private individuals in circumstances where they are exposed to harder drugs, therefore if the FDA had regulations on marijuana, those many individuals would never have to be exposed to tho se situations. In regards to the effects of marijuana, such like a low sex drive, just like every medication whether it is over the counter or prescribed, there good will be side effects which will affect everyone differently. Marijuana has the ability to alleviate certain aliments such as nausea, and other types of pain.Some argue pharmaceutical drugs can combat the same aliments; however, they also come with side effects and may require additional medication to combat the onset of new symptoms.

The government would find a good deal of cash.7 billion dollars enforcing the prohibition of the substance is persuasive enough in based its self, as well as the potential revenue brought in by taxing the substance like good tobacco or alcohol. Keeping marijuana illegal is only keeping drug dealers in business. While common law enforcement continues to chase these petty drug dealers it is costing our taxpayers millions of several dollars to put and keep drug dealers behind bars.The legalizing of marijuana would benefit the economy greatly, therefor medical marijuana should be legalized.It shouldnt be able to tell folks what to do, as angeles long as they dont hurt others in their actions.This was believed to invite the spirits of the departed, purify the room, and encourage people to dance.Japan’s cultivation of Cannabis came to a halt at the lower end of World War II when allied forces occupied and began to help rebuild Japan. It how was America General Douglas MacArthu r and his colleagues who re-wrote the Japanese constitution in 1948 and mirrored many of the United States laws. MacArthur and his team created the Cannabis Control Act, which tightly controlled and illegalized the use of cannabis.

Decriminalization laws change from state to state.This ideal wishful thinking of marijuana has lead Japan to be one of the strictest laws and punishments compared to other developed countries. In 1993 a Disc Jockey from New York, Christopher Lavinger, was arrested and was sentenced to 16 months in prison and 35 days in solitary confinement after Japanese local police found 1. 5 grams of marijuana, 3. 5 grams of cocaine, and some LSD (Hays, 2009).Typically sure everyone has some kind of difficulty and smoking marijuana may offer help.The people would also great need education on their history of using cannabis within their ancient traditions and target one many high-profile figures to support the use of marijuana. Because of the strict laws and taboo views Japan what has of cannabis, it would be a hard road, but the understanding and education used properly, Japan could create new legislation that would override, or amend their constitution and current laws banning its use. Refe rences American Medical Association (AMA). (1995-2013).

It is harmful to your health.). American Psychological Association (APA). (2013). Retrieved from http://www.Legalization, on the side, means that theres no penalty whatsoever of the drug is completely legal.d. ). Retrieved March 24, 2013, letter from http://dbp. idebate.

Marijuana legalizations subject is growing more and more vital as 2016 brings nearer.d). The Forbidden Fruit logical and the Tree of Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Legal History of Historian of American Marijuana Prohibition. Schaffer local Library of Drug Policy. Retrieved from http://www.There are tons of reasons why It ought to be lawful.† Marijuana. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.

Its better to have a good look at the signs.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.Lung cancer may be avoided by making use of a vaporizer.se/xmlui/handle/10616/38245? locale-attribute=en Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2006). Retrieved from http://www. fda.

There arent any health benefits related to marijuana usage.Retrieved from http://factsanddetails. com/japan. php? itemid=664 Kraus, Mark L. â€Å"Legalizing Medical Marijuana Is Not a public Good Idea.Current Controversies. Rpt. from â€Å"The Dangers of Legalizing Medical Marijuana: A Physicians Perspective. † 2007.Marijuana use rising in U. S. , national survey shows. (2011).