Literacy Autobiography Essay

I didn't originate from a family unit where perusing and composing was advanced, albeit both my folks were proficient. My inspiration to begin another family heritage originates from taking a gander at how my education aptitudes were framed. Growing up I can't recall when I started to compose. I do recollect my fourth grade instructor â€Å"Ms. Pickering. I accomplished my school work, since I needed to. I don't recall a urgent second about composition. My folks outlook was it’s the schools occupation to show you how to peruse and compose. Looking back I ought to have started all the more perusing all alone, or been progressively intrigued, yet I wasn’t, I was stressed over baseball, soccer and afterward football. As I developed, my demeanor towards composing did, I was bad at it so I was shaky when I needed to compose. I thought it was an exercise in futility. I am not an English teacher (clearly) yet my composing started to improve when I was instructed how to make reports at work-plans, request records, stock sheets. At that point when messages turned into a greater piece of correspondence I would take a gander at how my manager would design their compositions and how the enormous supervisors would compose their letters†¦ Did I learn legitimate composition, most likely not, however it was better than what I was doing previously. Thinking back I get it is corporate/email composing behavior. I am a moderate peruser, however I advise individuals I like to relish books! I never figured out how to understand quick, I begrudge individuals who can peruse a passage or page once, at times I should peruse a two sentence or section a few times to truly get it. Perusing has consistently been an errand to me. As I have kicked more seasoned I have off to really appreciate understanding more. I will peruse news on the web. I surmise I never had that fantasy educator or parent that lit the understanding fire. Perusing and composing is certainly not the consistent in my life, it doesn't fill my spirit, I truly wish I could state the inverse.

Essay Writing Online - Dont Stop Writing!

Essay Writing Online - Don't Stop Writing!As a writer who has been writing essays for over a decade, I can tell you that people are always amazed when they discover essay writing online. This is an area of writing that is vastly underrated by most. The reason it is so underrated is that most people just have no idea where to start, or how to go about it.I have had the opportunity to teach several classes on online essays. It's true, there are people who write excellent essays and make money doing it. However, for the vast majority of those who write online essays, they are not producing any income. This can be frustrating and discouraging, but the internet is here to stay, and over time this will change and online writing will become more popular.In the past, people did not want to take the time to write essays online. They would rather send in an essay form or short story. That is not going to change, as this is still a very popular form of writing. In fact, many colleges and univer sities now offer to write programs which allow students to take online courses on writing essays.One of the great things about writing online is that it allows you to be able to personalize your essay in a way that would not be possible in a traditional format. It also allows you to be able to utilize techniques and ideas that have not been used in a conventional format.Writing online is also beneficial for the people who do not have the time or patience to sit down at their computer and put words together. Those are exactly the people who need more help than others. It is these people who benefit the most from writing online.Writing online, in addition to the many benefits that come with it, it also allows you to earn some extra cash while you are still in school. Students are the main target of many online companies offering writing services. It is also a way for people to get the attention of the corporate world.There are literally hundreds of different kinds of websites online. Some of the ones that I have found are free, while others charge you some fee for use of their services. It really depends on what you are looking for, what kind of essay you are looking for, and how much you want to pay. As long as you do your research you should be able to find something for yourself that meets your needs.The next time you feel as though you are not getting the kind of writing you want done, just think about writing essays online. You will find that it is a fun, rewarding, and easy way to work.

How Will I Enrich My Community free essay sample

I should abandon youthful into a practical citizen. That is a tall undertaking for an individual who is definitely not another robot. I am not the quickest talker or most brilliant mastermind, and I don't generally have a clue about the correct comments, yet I challenge you to discover a person with a superior disposition. Disgorging banalities isn't actually my style, yet on the off chance that I take a gander at a half vacant glass I will take it to the spigot and fill it to the edge. Over the late spring I helped mentor a seventh and eighth grade boy’s ball camp. Each mentor was relegated a group toward the start of the week and to be completely forthright, my group was not The Dream Team†¦ but rather I saw potential. The very first moment was chaotic. Their basics were agonizing just as their perspectives. To be effective I realized I would need to support their certainty, so when I went one on one I would let them take me to the rack. We will compose a custom exposition test on By what means Will I Enrich My Community or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Presently I am not the best player, however it is difficult to lose when you are two feet taller than your adversary. In principle my arrangement appeared secure. That is until game time showed up. The initial two groups took care of us effortlessly and my young men were crushed. They would let me know, â€Å"These folks are too huge for us.† I attempted to keep their title trusts alive, yet it appeared to be about unimaginable. The following day was the ideal opportunity for plan B. The one thing my mentors consistently let me know was, â€Å"Practice makes perfect.† So that is the thing that we did. Pass, spill, shoot, protect, and bounce back; we rehearsed at each chance. By turning out to be better separately we would improve as a group. The following two days the group improved exponentially. Our record improved to three and three preceding the last day, the start of competition play. We were not the ideal group, however our newly discovered constancy and hard work ing attitude drove us to barely win the initial two games and get us into the title. Presently was a genuine test for our group. On paper we didn’t coordinate with our rival by any means. They were taller, quicker, and more grounded. It was a tight fight until the last whistle, yet shockingly at long last we had lost the title. I was anticipating that my group should by and by be crushed, however they were most certainly not. In spite of the fact that we had lost the game and were clearly disillusioned, each and every player in the group was glad for what they had achieved. These little fellows likely won't make it to the NBA as a result of me, however they learned significant life exercises that they can use to prevail in the public arena. What I realized is that despite the fact that I am not a quick talking, brilliant reasoning robot†¦ I will discover a way make my imprint.

Human Resources And Human Resource Development - 1600 Words

Introduction Organizational change is one of the things that most organizations pass through as they develop over time. At times, the process of introducing change in the organizations is not always received well by most of the employees working in the organization (Poole Van, 2004). As such, this paper will look at some of the best entry points for organizational change, a summary of the similarities of the models used in carrying out he change process and reasons why implementing change is difficult. The paper will also address of the main reasons why people are resistant to change as well as the proper means of overcoming these obstacles. Reasons why those in human resource development positions are in a prime position to facilitate the change process There are a number of reasons why those in the human resource development positions are advantaged in the process of facilitating change in an organization. One of the reasons why this is so is founded on the fact that the human resource development takes a center role in carrying out development roles in an organization. The individuals do this by facilitating trainings that are considered to be of importance in any organization. Through these trainings, it gets easy to carry out any type of change that is important to the organization (Poole Van, 2004). Additionally, it is the human resource department that recruits new employees in an organization thus being in a position to use this as an avenue for carrying outShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Development1748 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management entails managing recruitment, pla nning, and implementing a selection of organizational development training within the business. The goals that the HRM has is maximizing the productivity of the workplace by improving the effectiveness of their employees while at one time improving and treating the work life of employees as valuable resources. Human resources development: To encompasses the efforts to promote personal development, the company’s employee satisfaction, andRead MoreHuman Resource Development2731 Words   |  11 Pages1. Introduction of Study: Human Resource Development (HRD) at micro level or organizational level is a process by which employees of an organization are helped in systematic and continuous way to: Develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employees training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistanceRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Development Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource development is a broadly used term that refers to the helping employees develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities (The Balance. N.p.). The term has different connotations as it may refer to development of human capacities with the aim raising profit in business but also, especially in developing countries, with the aim of achieving personal and societal advancement (Cengage Learning, 2016.). Human resource development can be used by both public organizationsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Diana Williams National American University Understanding the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Human resource management (HRM) is the umbrella under which all other human resource activities are found. Some of the major activities under the umbrella are: benefits and compensation, health safety and security, human resource planning, staffing, equal employmentRead MoreHuman Resource Development : Hrd1607 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource development well known as HRD, is a rough draft for helping employees mature their individual and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. Human Resource Development contains many opportunities for â€Å"employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development.† Human resources take the part of a vital role in developing a business’sRead MoreHuman Resource Development7684 Words   |  31 PagesResearch Article focuses on the analysis and resolution of managerial issues based on analytical and empirical studies. A Study of HRD Concepts, Structure of HRD Departments, and HRD Practices in India T V Rao, Raju Rao, and Taru Yadav Human Resource Development (HRD) as a function has evolved in India indigenously from the year 1975 when LarsenToubro (LT) conceptualized HRD as an integrated system and decided to separate it from the personnel function. Since then, most organizations have startedRead MoreHuman Resource Development : China1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe emergence of People’s Republic of China in the last two decades has been remarkable. This paper will analyse and review the procedures which led to human resource development (HRD) in China. People’s Republic of China is the world’s most populous nation with an abundance of manpower availability. The human resources in China were under-utilized because of many reasons. Since China got independence in 1949 till late 1970’s, they followed a highly centralized economic planning system, unlike theRead MoreHuman Resource Planning And Development1444 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource is an important aspect in every organizatio n and none can exist without it. Therefore, the human resource department is charged with the role of hiring, training and development as well as payroll management among other staff related activities. The human resource objectives must be aligned with the overall organization’s objectives in order to avoid conflict of interests. Consequently, it is important to develop a strategic plan which encompasses the various factors that are involvedRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources Development Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership in Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) have strong associations to people based initiatives within an organization. Employee actions and behaviors are inï ¬â€šuenced by HRM practices such as stafï ¬ ng, evaluation of employees, and incentives or rewards, and HRD practices such as training and career development. HRM is tasked with making the best possible use of the organizations human  resources, while HRD is an extension of HRM that focuses on the development of theRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesReview â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management research and its

A Brief Note On Balancing A College Life - 1426 Words

Balancing a College Life Just when I thought I was done with one of the most stressful parts of my life, college happened and it got even more intense. School is stressful, but throw in an afterschool job and a social life, and studying is just hard to manage. Freshman year of college might be one of the most stressful years for students. The fact that they are living on their own for the first time is terrifying for most freshman. Parents are not there to do everything for them. It is a lot to handle when they are only eighteen. It takes a while to find a balance, but eventually they will find a solution. Everyone is different so there is a solution for everybody. It just depends on what kind of schedule he or she has. Students should†¦show more content†¦After reading part of what the president of Colorado State University Campus said it helps to provide the first solution. The first solution is time management. Time management is something not everyone can perfect. There are adults today who still cannot manage their busy schedule. The best way to do this is to figure out what the students plan is for that particular day or week and figure when or where they need to be in order for them to make sure everything they need to do is done. This all starts with what time they have to get ready to begin their day. What time are they going to wake up? Do they need to make room for homework and studying? Do they have to go to work today? What else needs to be done? These questions should be asked in order to plan more efficiently. If they have an hour in between that could be used for eating, studying, or napping. If students are busy and have free time they should take advantage of it and try to get their homework done or study for an upcoming test or quiz. The second solution is learning how to multi-task. This is where students learn to be experts at doing multiple things at once. There is a right way to multi-task and a wrong way. The obvious wrong way would be driving while trying to finish breakfast, and study for a test that is scheduled for your first class. In order to properly multi-task students need to switch their focus constantly. The first thing students should do is make a to-do list. TheShow MoreRelatedPublic Education Has Negatively Affected Children1417 Words   |  6 PagesIn his article for the National Review, Stanley Kurtz, who holds a Ph. D. in social anthropology from Harvard, recounts that the College Board has â€Å"effectively set itself up as a national school board† by replacing â€Å"brief guidelines that once allowed states, school districts, and teachers to present U.S. history as they saw fit†. In nationalizing the curricula, the College Board has minimized the power of local school distri cts, teachers, and states. This total control by a single entity causes theRead MoreThe Importance Of A Early Brain Development Essay2180 Words   |  9 Pagesresidential college for university students in a metropolitan setting, established in 1952. Much of what I discuss will be derived from personal observations and statements or statistics collated by the Dean . 168 students (89 females and 79 males) approximately aged from 17 to 26 years of age, each from differing backgrounds reside in this community. 16% of residents are international whilst 42% originate from interstate and approximately 20% speak native languages other than English. The college is operatedRead MoreAssess the Impact of Key Influences on the Personal Learning Processes on Own Learning.3399 Words   |  14 Pagescoursework at college difficult due to noise and the distractions around me. Health problems can have a negative effect on me because if I was very physically ill, I would not have the energy to be a ble to do coursework. Also, if I was seriously ill and had to go to the hospital for treatment, I would have to miss out on college work unless someone brought it into the hospital for me. Family can also influence my learning. This is because family is one of the most important things in my life. My familyRead MoreJamie Turner at Mli, Inc. Harvard Business Brief Case6420 Words   |  26 PagesTHOMAS MORE COLLEGE ACCELERATED DEGREE PROGRAM MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MGT-MBA 611: MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN Participant Module MBA Cohort 72 Rob Harris Eddie Ostriecher August 2012 Thomas More College MGT 611 Course structure and grading policies Course Description The goal of this course is to introduce students to the MBA program through the study of various instrumental techniques and management concepts. Students will learn writing and research requirementsRead More Universities Must Continue with the Race-sensitive Admissions Process3209 Words   |  13 Pagesheadlines and public forums demand educational reform with growing frequency. Race-sensitive admissions policies are often at the center of these debates. For example, according to the Los Angeles Times on March 21, 2001, the Los Angeles Community College district trustees are scheduled to vote for a resolution to support the University of California’s move to reinstate affirmative action in its admissions policies. This reinstatement has visible student support as seen in the March 15, 2001 ralliesRead MoreNew World Or Gattaca Style Dystopic Future Development Of Effective Prevention And Treatment Strategies For A Great3494 Words   |  14 Pagesadvocates. I will begin with a brief overview of the traditional arguments in favor of reproductive liberty and a more permissive stance toward the use of genetic technology. This will include a discussion of autonomy as the underlying ethical principle at work, and the related focus on informed consent as both a guiding axiom and common target of criticism. The principle of beneficence is a crucial underlying assumption, which will be addressed along with the brief presentation of disability studiesRead MoreComparison and Contrast Essay7914 Words   |  32 Pagesunderstand each part and complete all the practical exercises before moving into another part. By the end of the module, you should be able to put all the parts together for the final product – a complete well-written comparison and contrast essay. NOTES †¢ Make sure to use and/or consult all other sources suggested in the module to complement your writing skills (internet links, documents, references, and others). This is very important in order to achieve better results! †¢ Make sure to complete theRead MoreHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA6273 Words   |  26 PagesHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA COURSE OUTLINE 1. Concept and Rationale of History of education 2. A Brief History of Education in Ancient Greek and Roman Empire 3. African Indigenous System of Education/African Traditional Education 4. Islamic Education in Nigeria 5. Christian Missionary/Western Education in Nigeria 6. Nigerian Education Since 1960 THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION There seems to be no universally accepted definition of the word ‘education’. But this is not peculiar with educationRead MoreExamination of the Newborn Essay5924 Words   |  24 Pages1995, Hall, 1999) and also to identify any apparent physical abnormality (Buston and Durward 2001). However the question that we may wish to consider is ‘what is normal in a neonatal who is undergoing major physiological adaptations to extra uterine life (Blackburn and Loper, 1993) ? How as midwives can we fulfil this expectation of norm, when there is, as Hall (1999) suggests no confirmation of normality available ? Nevertheless a thorough search of the literature suggests that the neonatal examinationRead MoreRestaurant Operation Management5805 Words   |  24 Pageshave always been a significant part in our lives, as dining out is now a favourite and unavoidable social activity. Everyone likes to enjoy being surrounded with good food in the pleasant company of friends, which thu s making eat-out became a way of life for us as when can see more meals are eaten out than being taken at home. Having to realise the importance of this foodservice industry as it serves to fulfil one of the most basic needs in human being, all restaurants entrepreneurs are striving

The Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway.

Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway is a modernist novel, which shows new techniques to express a different point of view with regard to the notion of time. It is not without importance to note that the novel has no chapter headings. Nevertheless it is immediately obvious that the interest of the novel is not only in the form but also in the content. The action takes place in a single day of June in 1923 and what is interesting in the structure of the book is that simultaneously with the story of this single day, time is constantly flowing from present to past or to future. These flashbacks constitute the major psychological moments of the novel, most of them being represented by the stream of consciousness technique. This essay will explain how†¦show more content†¦(p.3; my emphasis) In a manner that she will sustain throughout the novel, the narrator conveys memory and present action to us simultaneously and ambiguously. Which she could hear now refers, ostensibly, to the squeak of the hinges at Bourton in Clarissas memory. Yet now implies the moment of her plunge into the street, suggesting a kind of reverie. The later phrase, for a girl of eighteen as she then was is similarly disorienting. It locates the time of Clarissas bursting open the windows of Bourton, but it also implies that, through her memory, she has become eighteen again. The then contrasts with the earlier now, but neither refers concretely to its own relative time. And finally, Clarissas thinking of Peter Walsh proves that the flow of thoughts is achronological, because she mixes the vision of him now and as he was thirty years before. Furthermore, she is allusive when she remembers what he said; she is trying to reconstruct the past. It must be admitted that this kind of memories are almost omnipresent throughout the novel and get mixed up with the present moment. However the most pertinent fact in these memories of Bourton is Clarissas refusal to marry Peter Walsh. She is constantly thinking of this. In the flow of her thoughts, Clarissa shows the difficulty of this choice: Now I remember how impossible it was ever to make up my mind - and why did I make up my mind - not to marry him, she wondered, that awfulShow MoreRelated The Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Time in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway We live in a consumer society consuming time. We use time to function smoothly but also to channel the direction of our lives. As a college student, I am constantly aware of time. I have a time frame for finishing my college career, as well as constant deadlines to meet. Daily, I divide my hours between my job, my studies, and my friends. In the midst of following external time, I strive for a balance with my internal time. My personalRead MoreComparing The Film And Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1244 Words   |  5 PagesDespite the fact that suicides feature in both the film and Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway, both texts echo Woolf’s words from her 1922 diary: ‘I meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.’ Both Woolf’s modernist 1925 novel and Daldry’s 2002 postmodernist film which has Mrs Dalloway as a pivotal point for its three interwoven stories can be seen as life-affirming texts – with their major focu s on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrainedRead More The Social/Economic Upper-Class in England in Mrs. Dalloway, Sense and Sensibility, and The Picture of Dorian Gray1383 Words   |  6 PagesEngland in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray are depicted through the characters’ lifestyles, wealth, and behaviors. Woolf, Austen, and Wilde give insightful portrayals of the characters by emphasizing their social roles in the England society. Their portrayals of the characters suggest that they are critical of the upper-class’ factitious lifestyles. Members of England’s social/economic upper-class in Woolf’s, Austen’sRead MoreThe Central Value Connecting Mrs. Dalloway And The Hours1037 Words   |  5 Pages The central value connecting Mrs Dalloway and The Hours is an affirmation of life. Although suicides feature in both Stephen Daldry’s film and Virginia Woolf’s novel both texts echo Woolf’s words from her 1922 diary: ‘I meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.’ Both Woolf’s modernist 1925 novel and Daldry’s 2002 postmodernist film focus on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrained by the contexts in which they live. The characters areRead MoreMrs. Dalloway Paper1209 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Dalloway Paper Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, was written in 1925, a time filled with many large changes to civilization. The book was written and set right after the biggest war human-kind can remember which killed millions of people, during the peak of industrialization which caused the mass production of items and created thousands of new inventions, while modernist arts and thoughts were growing and, and when national pride was very large for the citizens of the Allied countries in WorldRead MoreAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range ofRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an â€Å"ordinary† or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ‘chapters’ in order to give an â€Å"ordinary† portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 PagesThe Suicide of the Author and his Reincarnation in the Reader: Int ertextuality in The Hours by Michael Cunningham Andrea Wild In his novel The Hours, Michael Cunningham weaves a dazzling fabric of intertextual references to Virginia Woolfs works as well as to her biography. In this essay, I shall partly yield to the academic itch to tease out the manifold and sophisticated allusions to the numerous intertexts. My aim, however, is not to point out every single reference to Woolf and her works--suchRead MoreThe Great Divide By John Woolf And Forster s Howard s End 960 Words   |  4 Pagespresent during the time in England on the cusp of High Modernism. The importance of connections with others was one that was specifically addressed in much of the literature. E.M. Forster even highlighted the idea in his novel â€Å"Howard’s End† with the epigraph â€Å"only connect†. The idea supports the notion that, in order for a society to survive and thrive, some degree of connection must be adequately maintained. Yet, through the stratification of social classes in England at the time, there was littleRead MoreMrs Dalloway1427 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range of those

Economics Solutions Product Differentiation

Question: Discuss about the Economics Solutions for Product Differentiation. Answer: Introduction: Product differentiation is the general marketing of products by creating minor variations from other products which are used by customers while making a choice. In economics or marketing, product differentiation is utilized in distinguishing a specific product from another which may be functionally same, but the differentiation helps in attracting customers which helps the firm gain economic profits. As a product becomes more attractive to the customers, if product differentiation is done effectively it can generate competitive advantage for the product because it becomes finer or unique in the eyes of the customers (Varian, 2010). Types and sources of product differentiation: Product differentiation can be of various types starting from just making changes in the styling or packaging of the product, to making changes in prices because of lower costs or changes in functional features of the product. The basic objective of such differentiation is to change the perspective of the customer towards a particular product compared to another product. There are generally three types of product differentiation namely: Simple, Horizontal and Vertical. Simple product differentiation is based on different characteristics. Horizontal and Vertical are opposites in nature where horizontal product differentiation is based on one single feature but the consumer cannot differentiate the product with higher quality whereas in case of vertical, it is also differentiation on the basis son one feature but the consumer can differentiate. Product differentiation arises from various sources. The main sources are: When the non-functional features of a product are highlighted in contrast to another product even though there functional features are same then that kind of a differentiation is called non-functional in nature. This can be done by bringing styling changes of the product, or its color, or with very unique advertising. Sometimes lower cost in the production of one product with the same functions of another helps the producer in offering a lower selling price which acts as a lower cost or pricing differentiation Differences based on location or time which creates a differentiation in availability of he product (Boundless Economics) When buyers overlook essential features or quality of the product it also creates a sort of differentiation Analysis Of Product Differentiation: Product differentiation also helps in creating brand loyalty towards a particular brand which is preferred particularly by customers because of its unique design or outlook. If a firm is successful in making the consumer highly desire the product then the demand for the product rises which helps the consumer sell at a higher price and hence brings in economic profits for the consumer. A good example for product differentiation can be the market for mobile phones like the differentiation strategies adopted by Apple to differentiate its very famous i-phone from other phones. Apple uses various product differentiation strategies to differentiate i-phone from other mobile phones. Such strategies involve both functional as well as non-functional and is very much evident that they have been successful in changing the perspective of consumers towards i-phone making it more attractive and highly demanded which in turn allows Apple to charge higher prices. Apple uses all kinds of non-pricing strategies through advertising, marketing, unique design, functional features being unique, etc. Apple being an imperfective competitive firm has been successful in creating competitive advantage (Hanks, 2016). It is very much common to ask that such imperfective firms can easily charge a lower price and take over the market but it wouldnt do something like that because it involves the decrease in profits due to lower revenues. How product differentiation help is through affecting the demand curve of the market. A firm gains some sort of pricing power in the market. With differentiation the firm makes the product more preferred by the customers and hence with price changes customers become less likely to divert away from the product thus making the demand curve more inelastic in nature. With inelastic demand curve the price rises at the same quantity making the firm earn more profits. As we see in the figure below for a firm in an imperfective competition the profit maximizing output is attained at price=marginal cost or P=MC. Hence, in part (a) of the figure we see that the demand curve is elastic. Profit maximizing output is Q as there P=MC and ATC which is the average total cost is below the average revenue curve which brings the firm economic profits (Pindyck et al, 2009). Now in the part (b) of the figure we see that the demand curve becomes steeper implying it becomes inelastic which raises the price further bringing the firm more profits at the same quantity of Q. The red shaded region the diagrams show the profit earned by the firm. Conclusion: Hence we see how product differentiation helps big firms attract more customers and gain profits in future. By making minuscule functional or non-functional features in styling, packaging or design of products, producer can make customers desire the product more, increasing the demand for product, making the demand curve inelastic and increasing the price which further increases the profits. Differentials In Wages Across Industries/Ocupations And Within Industries/Occupations Introduction: Wages are monetary compensations or the remuneration that the employer pays the employee on getting a job done. It can be some sort of gross or annual pay or including bonuses, commissions but excluding shift differentials or profit payments. Wages across individuals or occupations differ a lot. These wage differentials can be within the same industry whereas also can exist across the industries. It is comparatively easy for us to apply our common sense to realize that different occupations do have different wages as all individuals do not possess the same set of skills and credentials and labor demand and supply acts as a crucial component in fixing different wages of different occupations (Piana, 2001). But if we consider difference in wages of individuals within the same industry then economics concepts do not completely justify the phenomenon. This happens because when such wage differentials are considered then one has to distinguish two workers based on various other criteria which do not relate to economic concepts completely. Wages between two workers in the same occupation can be due to a number of reasons staring from the skill sets of each worker, their innate abilities, working conditions, geographical regions as well as human capital acquisition (Sowell, 2010). Types Of Wage Differentials: The top 5 cause of wage differentials are: Occupational differences: In this case occupations in an organization are very much different from each other based on skill requirements, period of employment requirements and extent of responsibility. Differences within occupations boost and challenge people to work harder to attain greater higher paying occupations by developing through high level education or training. For example the salary of a manager is higher than that of the junior officers or assistants because the manager has attained higher degree of education experience. Jobs with high skilled labor have more inelastic demand and supply curves compared to jobs with lower skilled labor (Sikder, 2006). This happens because high skilled laborers helps in bringing more profit for the organization and have high qualifications whereas low skilled workers do not have high qualification are many in number and with low marginal revenue product as they may not bring higher profits for the firm (Spaulding, 2016). As we see below t he demand and supply curves of higher skilled and low skilled workers with the former receiving higher wages than the latter. Inter-firm differentials: In the same area or occupation there can be wage differences in between different plants, etc. These differences are based on the quality of labor, labor market imperfections and equipment efficiency differences along with technological advancement, financial capability, size and age of firm, managerial efficiency, raw material availability, etc. Regional differences: Wages also differ between workers of the same occupation but different geographical areas. This happens because differences in working conditions, that are prevalent based on the different regions. Inter-industry differences: Workers of same occupation, same region but of different industries also face wage differentials. These wage differences occur because of the differences in skill requirements, nature of the product market, level of unionization, etc. Personal wage differences: Workers of same occupation can have difference in wages because of the difference in the personal characteristics of the workers. As reported by Elka Torpey in a report that in May 2014 the top earning 10% of athletes and sports competitors earned more than $187200 cutoff whereas the lowest earning 10% of athletes were seen to have annual wages even less than $20190 which is even sufficiently less than the median wage of $35540 for all in the occupations (Torpey, 2015). These differences are based on the innate abilities or skill sets of the workers which the worker may naturally possess or had gained expertise in being more efficient than the other workers. Compensating wage differentials: When jobs in the same industry differ as one asks for more risk taking or working for longer hours which pays the worker more than the one which does not have such requirements. This is in form of compensation to the worker. We know demand supply mechanisms in the labor market may give rise to occupational wage differentials as for certain occupation the demand may be much higher leading to higher prices whereas for some it may be lower leading to higher wages. The demand for labor is a derived demand in the sense that its demand is derived from the demand of the good or service the worker has expert skills in (Mankiw, 2007). Causes Giving Rise To Wage Differentials: We saw the types of wage differentials above and we see that there are many reasons which give rise to wage differentials and these maybe beyond the scope of economics. These reasons are: Qualifications or credentials: Individuals with higher educational degrees earn more than the ones not possessing such credentials. Experience: A workers experience is a crucial determinant of his wage. No wonder a senior analyst with much more experience is paid much higher than a junior analyst with not that much of experience (Lipsey at al, 2011) Specific job responsibilities: Jobs with more complex tasks are paid higher than the ones which are comparatively simpler. These tasks imposes greater responsibility on the worker and simultaneously demand expert skills from the worker hence paying him more Trade unionization: As trade unions collectively possess a bargaining power they can negotiate with employers to earn higher wages. (Economics Online) Success and Performance: A person who is more efficient, had been performing well with a good track record and had been successful to get a job in a particular industry which has very small supply of such high skilled workers can easily earn much higher than others. Revenue creation: Workers more productive and the ones who can earn higher revenues for the firm are paid higher by the organization Discrimination: Employer discrimination also can be included in this list as discrimations between genders by organizations and industries had been an influencing factor to create wage differentials between men and women of the same occupation (Riley, 2016) Human capital acquisition: employers also reward workers who devote in acquisitation of higher educational degrees or trainings which may be part time or full time (Samuelson et al, 2010). Conclusion: Hence we saw, that how various factors create the different types of wage differentials. If we focus on the rationale behind wage differentials we find that there are two views. Firstly, we consider the socialistic patterns of the society and government here plays the role of minimizing inequalities in incomes as well as wealth distribution so that the society as a whole develops boosting the economic growth through the channels of higher quality human capital and getting more jobs done with increase in aggregate demand and income. Secondly, wage differentials get their justification through the wide demand supply mismatches in the labor market. The differences here are based on skill requirements, ability, knowledge, aptitude, experience and also the derived demand of the particular labor. Another justification given in support of wage differentials is the full natural resources exploitation (Chand, 2016). References: Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, Worth publishers, New York Sikdar, S 2006, Principles of macroeconomics, Oxford, New Delhi Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Boundless Economics, 2016, Product differentiation, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/monopolistic-competition-12/monopolistic-competition-75/product-differentiation-281-12378/ Riley, G, 2016, Labor market-wage differentials, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/labour-market-wage-differentials Spaulding, W, 2016, Wage differentials, viewed 31 August 2016, https://thismatter.com/economics/wage-differentials.htm Economics Online, 2016, Labor Market, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/The_labour_market.html Piana, V, 2001, Wages, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.economicswebinstitute.org/glossary/wages.htm Torpey, E, 2015, Same occupation Different pay: How wages vary, viewed 31 August, 2016, https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2015/article/wage-differences.htm Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage learning, New Delhi Hanks, G, 2016, Apple Pricing strategy, viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.ehow.com/way_5815745_apple-differentiation-strategy.html Chand, S, 2016, Top 5 causes of wage differentials, viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/top-5-causes-of-wage-differentials-explained/35339/ Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi

Marketing Assignment free essay sample

My chosen retailer is Pick n’ Pay which is a company owned by South African entrepreneur Raymond Ackerman in 1967. Pick n’ Pay was able to gain a large share of the market because Raymond Ackerman’s policy of putting offering customers the best value for their money before profit maximisation and various social responsibility programmes have made them a household in South Africa. Question 1 Pick n Pay bridges the following gaps: * Space. * Time. * Information. The space and time, value gaps are bridged by pick n’ pay, by establishing what the market really wants and providing consumer what they want at the right price in the right environment. -Information on products is readily available in stores during promotions and generally accessible in store. -Pick n’ Pay offers financial services like credit on large purchases like appliances. -Through bridging these gaps Pick n’ Pay has been able to establish long term relationship with consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question 2 An organisation has to perform its primary amp; auxiliary marketing activities efficiently and in a timely manner to ensure that the needs/ of the customer are met. Pick n’ Pay also owns its own transportation fleet so they have more control over meeting demand on time. * Pick n Pay conducted detailed market research in order to properly serve its market as all store formats are as diverse as the geographic area they operate in, from the large hypermarkets to the express stores in petrol stations, they cater to all different market segments. Pick n’ Pay also own Boxer supermarkets which cater to low income groups such as rural areas. * They form of standardisation and grading is their policy of giving consumers double their money back on Pick n’ Pay products if they not satisfied with the quality, This policy enabled Pick n’Pay to gain the trust of consumer which translates into Customer loyalty. All other products offered by Pick n’ Pay have to follow certain regulations before being offered to the public. Pay has to take the necessary steps to ensure that products like fruits are available all year round which means such products need to be stored in fridges and other products have to be stored properly so they don’t get damage before getting to the actual store so they don’t incur any losses. * The risk of loss or damage is to be mitigated by the form of having insurance policy to cover the business. * Pick n’ Pay borrows money from banks to cover the day-to-day operations; Raymond Ackerman says many businesses that were destined for greatness failed because they didn’t have enough cash to run their daily operations. I would say Pick n’ Pay uses the societal marketing-oriented concept because of their environmental initiatives which have even gained the organisation a Sunday Times Top Brand Grand Prix award for the company that did the most to promote â€Å"green† issues and social upliftment of communities. Raymond Ackerman stresses the importance of doing â€Å"good† business which means implementing sustainable practices in the work environment and doing what the business is obligated to do in terms of social responsibility. Here are some environmental initiatives have introduced: * Green Products- Products that are 100% recyclable with active ingredients that are made from sustainable,natural ingredients. * Introduced limited edition eco-friendly bags to limit the use of plastic bags * Pick n’ Pay vehicles use a low sulphur content diesel and ozone-friendly lubrication oils. * Setting up recycling points at Pick n’ Pay stores * In 2009 they opened up 3 Pick n’ Pay express stores, starting a new era of green retailing. These type strategies will gain the business long term customers because of its awareness of contributing positively to the environment. Question 4 I would say my chosen retailer has evolved to this level because they the good relationship it has with its stakeholder that’s why they have been able to offer the market such good prices and within any business you need to maintain good relationship with your suppliers for example, this would ensure that everything is delivered in a timely time and with your employees to ensure that their product are product and know what’s expected of them. Pick n Pay has a number of policies and guidelines to govern relationships with its stakeholders so every interaction with its stakeholders is morally sound and is in line with the correct practices so that customers are satisfied and customers are retained. Question 5 5. 1 The micro environment of Pick n’ Pay is its internal stakeholders which would be: * Employees * Investors * Management The business has full control over this environment. The market environment is the outside of the business and the business can only control this environment to a certain degree. The market environment comprises of: * Suppliers * Competitors- Checkers,Spar,Woolworths. * Customers * General Public – Brand Perception and Brand awareness. 5. 2 Pick n Pay is a company that focuses a lot on physical environment and socio economic issues as it recognises the importance of sustainability practices in its business due to the fact that natural resources are not available in infinite quantities and the damage us humans are doing to the environment. Pick n’ Pay has also implemented programmes that challenge socio economic issues such as unemployment. Here some the changes and programmes implemented to adapt to changes/trends in the macro environment: * Setting up recycling points at Pick n’ pay which in turn provides employment. * â€Å"Green† products – 100% recyclable products with natural active ingredients that don’t harm the environment. * BEE programmes which allows people from disadvantaged backgrounds to own a Pick n’ Pay franchise store. * Pick n’ Pay company also recently extended its ‘Green Range’ of household products to include garbage bags made from 100% recycled material, 70% of which is post-consumer recycled materials.

Solomons Temple Essays - Books Of Kings, Holy Of Holies, Yom Kippur

Solomon's Temple Essays - Books Of Kings, Holy Of Holies, Yom Kippur Solomon's Temple Introduction Looking back at some of the earliest years of Gods chosen people, we can see that worship played quite a significant role in the everyday lives of the people. Until the temple in Jerusalem was built, there was no real establishment or unification of the people since their captivity to Egypt. Solomon, one of Israels first few kings, built the Temple of Jerusalem. Solomons Temple was believed to be the dwelling place of God. The Temple was a very complex structure, and because of its destruction there is no abundance of information upon its exact design. Therefore, most of the information that we have today is taken from the books of Kings and also from the books of Chronicles in the Holy Bible. In this paper, the Biblical references come from a New King James Version of the Holy Bible. In this paper we will examine the history behind Solomons Temple, its structure, and its downfall. A Brief Introduction to Solomons Temple In the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel came out of Egypt, Solomon built the Temple. The building of Solomons temple lasted seven years. The completion of the temple was in the eleventh year of Solomons reign. Although it underwent many changes and renovations, Solomons temple stood for nearly four centuries until its destruction in 586 BC. The temple was considered to be a divine presence; it included such things as the ark, the cherubim, and on very rare occasions a statue of Yahweh. It also contained objects used in Gods service such as the table of shewbread, and a lampstand. The altar was not included with the temple building but in an open court adjoining the temple. The format of the temple is laid out in the books of Kings and also in Chronicles. Solomons temple was designed to be a more magnificent shrine than any other in the land, one benefiting the wealth and splendor of the king himself. The History Behind The Temple The Temple was not built until the reign of Solomon, but significant steps had already been taken. To see this, we must first look at the life of David, the second chosen king of Israel and also Solomons father. David ruled as king for seven years, and he then established his throne in Jerusalem after overcoming the ancient Jebusite community that was there. His reign continued in Jerusalem for the next thirty-two years. David contemplated the erection of a shrine for the Ark of the Covenant. At first the prophet Nathan gave David approval to construct a temple, but the following night God intervened. Speaking to Nathan in a dream, God laid out for David an amazing covenant, which would establish the house of David forever. He also told Nathan of the temple that was to be built. Although David was not allowed to build the Temple, he amassed the means for the temple to be built. The task was to be given to his son, Solomon. After the death of his father David, Solomon issued the orders for the building of the First Temple to commence. The building of the Temple was a monumental task and in the four hundred and eightieth year after the people of Israel came out of Egypt, the construction began. This was in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel. In the fourth year of construction the foundation of the Temple was laid. Then the building of the House of God began. The Temples Structure The Temple was essentially a rectangular building erected on a platform, orientated east and west. It consisted of a porch (ulam) and two chambers, one behind the other (hekal and debir). The measurements of the Temple are given in cubits, with one cubit being approximately twenty inches. Within Solomons temple the cherubim and ark were contained in the inner sanctum; one table , a lampstand and an altar of incense in the outer sanctum; and a burnt-offering altar and water containers in the court. The Temple proper consisted of a porch beyond which was a large chamber, later called the Holy Place, and beyond this a smaller inner shrine, or the Holy of Holies, into which the ark was brought.

Conduct an interview with an Informatics Professional Essay

Conduct an interview with an Informatics Professional - Essay Example Therefore, although companies differ in the way they use this term, CSO is increasingly used to refer to the highest ranked person responsible for the entire security of an organization, that is, both physical and digital (CSO, 2008). This paper, through interviewing a person working in this position, investigates the roles, responsibilities, qualifications, background, experience and challenges facing chief security officers. The telephone interview involved Mr. Anthony Gacanja who is the current CSO of Safaricom Kenya, a major network provider company in Kenya. Mr. Anthony Gacanja is currently the Chief Security Officer at Safaricom Kenya. He did his O level at St. Mary’s School Nairobi and holds a bachelor degree in Bsc. Electrical and Electronics Engineering (majoring in Telecommunication) from Nairobi University. Before joining Safaricom, he worked as a Manger of Technology Security and Risk Services in Ernst and Young and also as an Application Systems Developer at Software Technologies Limited. He has vast experience in IT consultancy and information systems assurance and audit. Besides holding a bachelor degree, Mr. Gacanja is also passed his exams both in Certified Information System Auditor (CISA) and Certified Information Security Manager (CISM). When asked about the main roles and responsibilities of a CSO, Mr. Gacanja said that a CSO has several duties and responsibilities depending on the company he or she is working with. However, although he accepted that these duties and responsibilities may vary from one organization to another, he points out a common aim for all CSOs is to ensure good security to an organization and work force. He gave the following as the main roles of any CSO in any organization: On qualification, Mr. Gacanja said that any individual who wishes to be a chief security officer must have a strong knowledge of security related concepts and excellent contacts

History of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Psychology - Essay Example Annoying to some people and beneficial to other as it may look, the behaviorist approach developed with the era and has stayed to be at par with the revolution of psychology (Myers, 2004). People who present the behaviorist approach are more forceful and effective than in the past, with the help of various modernized reporting mechanisms established by the growth of technologies. The Cognitive approach to psychology is a discipline which is utilized to decipher interpretations from previous or past occurrences. Such concept is utilized in modern psychological disciplines and social fields to symbolize a perspective of the value of previous events which leads with the manners that interpretations of events is being analyzed and interpreted by people. There are various manners in which the cognitive approach to psychology can be described. This involves investigating, comprehending the hidden hypotheses, outlines, concepts that establish the framework for idea and concepts and realization. The cognitive approach possesses various aspects of definition in different areas of analysis and investigation. Basically, the humanistic approach in psychology pertains to movement and trend, including the policies and programs that aim to improve the developments of the quality of life that will aid in the adjustments of the people. The humanistic approach to psychology helps change the social and technological aspects of all the people in plenty of measure that most of the time vary form their assumptions (Weiten, 2007). More often than not, the humanistic approach targets the process of helping the people in adjusting to a new cultural and technological change, and this works together with the government that pertains to developments of existing attitudes and inherent behaviors in a citizen who is facing cultural and technological adjustments. A victorious achievement of the influence of the humanistic approach needs a tremendous cooperation between the agents of modernization like the mass media and the public. D. Present Time Without a doubt, the people at present would have to undergo changes of attitudes, beliefs, skills, goals as well as profiles and identities as a primary consequence of the new developments on the field of psychology. The present trends on psychology is normally quickly felt but with several delays in implementation, composed of significant developments and needing extreme adjustments leading to increased pressure to the public. The tremendous level of life developments and changes that the public needs to face as a consequence of the new wave of psychology can result to the development of the idea of discrimination and helplessness which can hinder their motivation in attaining their objectives in their new modernized environment (Hock, 2004). The new wave of psychology and its application at present as well as all over the world have established a critical responsibility in its technological and social development. Media highlights and investigations have insisted the need for studying the positive and negative consequences of the present psychology since the development of every nation's leadership and governance systems also relies on it. The Comparison of the Four Psychological Approaches All the four psychological approaches simply pertain to the field of stating situations and phenomena as they happen. Such stating includes gathering,

Dtlls - Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Dtlls Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Coursework 1 – Reflective Account of Peer Assessment Activity Within this piece of work I will be reflecting on an assessment activity used by a peer whilst I was observing their lesson for A-level psychology. The learners were all aged 17-19 and the lesson was on theories of depression and was a revision session for learners before their exams the following month. The assessment activity was an informal formative assessment where the students were placed into groups of two or three learners and were then given an area of the subject matter, the learners then had to create revision notes as a group on a piece of flipchart paper using their own notes and text books. The learners were then given 15 minutes to revise these notes, once this time was up the tutor then asked the learners to all find a new partner and then teach their revised notes to their peer. The ‘tutor’ peer would try to give all their key notes without looking at the flipchart, but some learners were allowed when they got stuck on certain points. The ‘student’ peer would have to take written notes to aid with their revision. The learners would then swap in their pairs and the roles would be reversed, after both learners had shared their revision notes they would then swap again to find a new learner to pair with, this process continued until all learners had a full set of revision notes for the subject. Brown et al on the subject of assessment ‘validity’ state ‘It is often described as the match between what is intended to be measured and what is measured.’ (Brown et al., 1997, p.239). I believe this activity was very valid as it allowed the tutor to assess the notes the learners would be revising from for a summative exam in the future. The aims of this assessment were explained in full detail and the learners understood what was expected of them from this activity. The point of the activity was for peer learning to take place to aid revision in the subject of theories of depression; this was definitely achieved by the end of the lesson as every learner had a full set of revision notes on each aspect of the subject confirming the validity of the assessment. The students were in charge of creating their own notes in each group and then passing these notes onto their peers, this does cause some reliability issues as with all learners some students may have put more effort into their revision notes than others. Therefore you may get a learner who has put as much information into his or hers notes as possible giving a vast amount of knowledge on a certain area of the subject and they may then  receive from a peer basic knowledge of another area of the subject. Reece and Walker talk of ‘reliability’ as ‘the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure.’ (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.348), I believe this method of assessment does not consistently measure but the tutor did circulate the classroom at all times aiding learners if they were finding it hard to put key points down on paper. This method does however aid differentiation as less able learners were given the chance to gain knowledge of the subject from more able learners. The more able learners also had the chance to practice and develop their subject knowledge aiding revision in the class. Word Count: 520 References Brown, G., Bull, J. and Pendlebury, M. (1997) Assessing Students Learning in Higher Education. Oxon, p.239. Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Education Publishers Ltd, p.321. Coursework 2 Assessment Information within own Organisation Assessment information within my own organisation is recorded from the beginning of a learner joining the college. Every potential student as part of the interview stage takes part in a minimum core assessment; this is a basic screening test to assess the student’s literacy and numeracy skills. This initial assessment allows us to correctly place the learner on the right level of course. These results are placed in the college database, following the enrolment of each learner the minimum core results form a group differentiation profile for each class; put together by the course leader. This profile is used by the tutor so they can differentiate learning tasks and understand individual learner’s needs from the very beginning. Once the course commences formative assessments are created by the tutor and used in each lesson. Each learner receives feedback from these assessments and if needed, targets can be set so the learner is clear on what is expected of them. Validity and reliability of assessments used during a course are checked at regular standardisation meetings within curriculum teams, these take place to sample marking of formative and summative theory assessments. Allowing tutors to internally verify samples of learners work so all tutors  in the department are consistent in their marking. Reece and Walker explain ‘validity’ as ‘how well the test measures what it is supposed to measure† (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.321). Within these meetings the team will also evaluate and create formative and summative assessments for future use; a chance to share good practice. The meetings are also used to discuss practical assessments as different tutors can have differing views on as sessment criteria; this aids the reliability of the assessments. Summative assessments are entered on a standardised tracking document which every tutor in the department can access. Updating this tracking document then enables each tutor or the head of department to see the progress of every learner helping to identify any ‘at risk’ students who may need more attention or end up not completing the course. This document is shared with the learners; they can see what still needs to be achieved to gain their qualification and how far they have come in terms of progression, this aids motivation in the classroom and also a sense of achievement to see how much they have already completed. The learners have logbooks provided by the awarding body VTCT, this is where tutors record all practical summative assessment and sign off to say they have met the criteria set by VTCT. The logbook is used by the learner to build a portfolio of consultations forms and photographs from practical’s, written assignments and any online tests the learner has to complete during the course. The college also uses Pro-Monitor a computerised package which tutors can record individual learner progress and set targets for learners to achieve by a certain time. Learners can access Pro-Monitor and input individual targets they wish to achieve, it can also show them graphs and visual aids on how much of their qualification they have achieved, this is brilliant for more visual learners who may find written feedback harder to understand. These different ways of recording assessment information are vital in enabling tutors to identify when students are falling behind and planning for future development, a side effect of not using these implements could be learners nearing the end of their course without completing assessments that are mandatory. References Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning- a Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Edition Publishers, p.321. Coursework 3 – Evaluation of Assessment Activities Assessment is defined by Gravells and Simpson as ‘a measure of learning, at a given point in time. Relevant skills, knowledge and/or attitudes can be measured towards a subject or qualification.’ (Gravells and Simpson, 2008). There are three main types of assessment; initial, formative and summative; these types of assessment can then be informal in the way of crosswords, gapped hand-outs, quizzes, discussions and journals or they can be formal in the way of exams, assignments, tests and observations. Formative assessment, used properly, is such an integral part of the teaching and learning process that it could be argued that it shouldn’t even be called assessment. When we consider teaching and learning methods, many of them – questioning, case studies, and projects – are also assessment methods used as learning checks. Scales states ‘Assessment for learning is based on the belief that everyone can learn and formative assessment is a key strat egy to help learners improve and develop’ (Scales, 2010) With this in mind the first assessment activity to be evaluated is a crossword used as an informal summative assessment. Crosswords are a simple and easy way of assessing learner’s knowledge during a unit. Crosswords can be uploaded to the college interactive website ‘cloud’, learners can then download the activity as a form of homework or as an extension task during directed studies. These can then be handed in to the tutor for marking. A more effective method is to use a crossword as learning check during a lesson; once the learners have completed the crossword they can then discuss as a group the answers. The tutor can also use extended questioning, asking more able learners to explain in more depth an answer to help aid differentiation. Feedback from learners suggests that crosswords are a challenging way of testing knowledge and encourages the learners to look at subject matter in different ways without having to sit tests all the time, which can be very daunting for certain learners. Something gained from feedback from a group of level 1’s, is that because a majority of the learners have learning needs which affects their literacy; they find the crossword in itself challenging to complete. To overcome this it has been noted that providing learners with a word bank of key words for each unit has helped in completing such tasks as  crosswords, as the learner still needs to know which word they are looking for but aids in developing their spelling for the future. Feedback is the most important part of formative assessment; research suggests that immediate oral feedback is the most effective, whether this is done by one on ones or as a group discussion. The feedback provided should be developmental and make the learners extend their thinking and learning to a higher level and should also focus on positive points first before moving onto more ‘developmental’ area’s for the learner to consider. By conducting formative assessment it can ensure that the teacher gains a full understanding of the learners existing capabilities so that realistic goals can then be set and additional support if needed can be organised. With this feedback individual targets can then be created for each learner and placed on the college Pro-Monitor system where the learners can access their targets as and when needed to see how they are developing in the course. Learners are also encouraged to create their own personal targets on Pro-Monitor, using feedback from formative assessments it allows learners to realise key strengths and weaknesses to help in creating these targets. The use of this feedback is very much like the idea of ‘scaffolding’, Bruner (Wood et al., 1976) coined this term in the 1950’s and believed using a more knowledgeable other to challenge the learner to achieve more by providing ‘scaffolding’ to help them climb to higher levels. Learners in dialogue with teachers can see where they want to reach but initially may need help in the form of questions, prompts and pointers to get there. Summative assessment is the assessment of learning and it leads to the gaining of qualifications and grades. Weeden suggests ‘Summative assessment is a snapshot judgement that records what a learner can do at a particular time.’ (Weeden et al., 2002, p.19) This process of qualification is important for learners and it is good to keep in mind the emotional aspects and design of assessment in relation to validity and reliability. With this in mind the second assessment activity to be evaluated is a practical observation used as a formal summative assessment. Practical observations are used throughout all 3 NVQ levels in beauty therapy as the subject is extremely vocationally based. Beauty therapy NVQ’s are broken down into units, for each unit there will be practical assessments that have to be completed at the end of the unit, where the learner is observed and assessed by the teacher. VTCT are  the awarding body for the beauty therapy NVQ’s and they set out the practical assessment criteria for each unit, this criteria is printed in the learners logbooks which is where each assessment is signed off if a pass has been achieved. To aid the reliability of the practical assessments all beauty lecturers at the college come together at standardisation meetings where the criteria is discussed in detail and a learner marking sheet is created which includes each of the areas the learner has to meet to gain a pass in the assessment. If this was not done each teacher could interpret the assessment criteria in different ways therefore learners would not be assessed fairly and reliably. Petty states ‘the same examiner should give the same mark if they unknowingly mark a script twice on different days’ (Petty, 2009), using standardisation this means that even with practical based assessments the results should always be the same. To help learners during practical assessments learning outcomes are written on the whiteboard to highlight key points they will need to show competency in or do to achieve a pass in the assessment. During the observation the teacher will also ask questions to the learners to help achieve the unit criteria, this is also where differentiation of the learners can take place as more able learners will be asked more open-ended and higher order questions then less able learners who will be asked standard criteria questions. The use of cameras in practical assessments is something that is still fairly new and is being experimented with but does seem to show some success. As part of the observation learners have to keep their working area clean and tidy and show due regard for health and safety, the teacher can now take pictures of each learners working area before the assessment takes place and then at the commencement of the assessment. With regards to practical assessments like nail art, make-up and face painting the finished article can also be documented by a photo that the learner can then be used in their own portfolio to be sent to the awarding body. From these pictures the teacher can then feedback to the learner at the end of the assessment any positive points of the practical and also any areas that the learner would need to further develop, the learner can then have these pictures as a visual aid to understand how they can improve for the next assessment and also works as a good revision aid for the future. Another approach to embrace ICT in assessments is to video learners assessments so they can themselves evaluate  and feedback on client care and professionalism during their observation. It has been noted that using cameras in practical observations has been received well by the learners, they have commented that it brings a new dimension to receiving feedback and allows them to visualise areas they need to focus on improving and reinforces the assessment criteria for them too. Feedback from practical observation is given individually immediately after the learners assessment, feedback is given verbally with key points both positive and ones for development are written on the bottom of the consultation form the learner completed during the assessment (these consultation forms also go into the learners portfolio). Practical assessments can leave a lot to interpretation by the teacher so it is important the practical marking sheet is filled in during the observations and a pass or fail is determined by how many of the boxes the learner showed competence in, depending on which level the learner is currently studying determines the number of criteria they need to meet. Learners can feel very nervous and daunted by practical assessments at the beginning of the year as it the proverbial ‘unknown’, formative practical assessments do help to calm learners worries as they are a ‘trial run’ of the summative assessment, also setting out some time to explain and discuss the unit assessment criteria and what will be expected of them from this. During the practical observations themselves the use of cameras also seems to help learners forget the formalness of the observation and relax into the assessment. In conclusion all assessment methods should be a positive contribution to learning and good assessment activities are important to aiding teaching. However assessments are only worthwhile if they assist the learner and teacher to move through the learning outcomes of the unit, otherwise it is irrelevant. Designing assessment activities which stretch the learner’s abilities and promotes their development is a skill that comes with experience and understanding of the current learners on your course and it is definitely something that will always be tweaked and changed throughout your career. Word Count: 1,594 References Gravells, A. and Simpson, S. (2008) Planning and enabling Learning in the Lifelonf Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning matters, p.50. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today – A practical guide. 4th ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Scales, P. (2010) Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education, p.180. Weeden, P., Winter, J. and Broadfoot, P. (2002) Assessment: Whats in it for schools?. London: Routledge Falmer, p.19. Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. In: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry., pp.89-100.

Relationships :: essays research papers

Relationships are impossible, or are they? Why is it that most relationships don’t work? Man meets woman, they date, move in together, get married, have kids and then divorce. This is what most relationships are nowadays. What causes a relationship to fall apart, what relationships you should get out of and are there such things as soul mates. Most people believe that their relationship isn’t like others. They don’t have problems. These kinds of people also think that their partner won’t cheat on them or do anything wrong. But the truth is that almost all relationships won’t last forever. A few reasons relationships fall apart are if one partner cheats, they lose interest in each other, lack of communication which causes problems, if you try to change someone and it backfires, and if you hide something you should have told the other person and then they find out about it later. In a relationship you can tell when you’re losing interest in each other. Some signs are that you don’t talk much with each other, you don’t spend time together anymore instead its spent with your friends away from home. Some signs to tell if the other person in the relationship is cheating is by the person starts to come home from work later then they usually do, they start to smell like perfume that neither of you have, when you confront them about cheating they get all nervous and deny it, when you ask them why they’ve been coming home late from work lately they makeup stupid excuses. And they say there going somewhere but when you phone to see if they are there they aren’t. If you’re in a relationship and the person does any of these things your relationship could be falling apart. Should you leave or stay in an abusive relationship? The answer to this question as you should know it is leave as soon as you can. The reason you should leave an abusive relationship is because if you don’t, you could end up hurt. Most of the time when a person is in this kind of a position they are too scared to leave it because they think the one who is abusing will hurt them more. In some cases they could that’s why its important to leave. Another thing about people who are in this position is that if you suspect they are being abused and you confront them about it they will deny it and change the subject. A few other signs of someone being abused is if they always

Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in Laguna

We visited the plant of Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in Laguna. We arrived at Pepsi Cola’s plant first, in which they explain the process of production of their products then had a chance to tour the plant. From Pepsi Cola’s plant, we had a stop over at SM Sta. Rosa for a few hours then to Gardenia’s plant. There, we saw the production of their products by explaining the process first then saw in actual the step-by-step process of manufacturing their bread. In Pepsi Cola’s plant, we only visited the part of the plant in which bottles of their products are located. I found it needless because I expect that we could observe concretely the necessary procedures on how Pepsi products are made or from direct materials to finish goods. But we only saw the bottles and already packed products. I also found their plant unclean for products are unorganized plus lack of ventilation. Similar essay: Gardenia Distribution Strategy I like Gardenia’s plant better. They designed their plant in a way that there is an auditorium to present clearly and comfortably the manufacturing process of their products, which were intended for visitors. Also, there is a place for viewing the actual production procedure. I also like the ambiance and how staffs welcome and entertain visitors at Gardenia’s plant. If I will rank our plant visit as 10 being the highest, it will be 6. Because I didn’t find it much useful in our course except the fact that compared to my previous visit, at least, I was able to relate more with what I saw like some notes posted on their walls. Also, I was able to appreciate the visit more for we already discussed topics relating to manufacturing companies.

The Modern World - 1786 Words

Europe has federal, multi-regional and multinational identities. The transmission of the religious ideologies of Europe has been essential to the development of the continent as both a practical and an imagined idea. The formation of these characterizations is complex, but music is a practical way to better understand the traditional, functional and socio-historical underpinnings that have formed the tapestry of European identity. Gregorian chant is musically and culturally significant to the evolution of historical Europe. It was widely considered to be a central component in worship services and spiritual conversion, also employing the official language of the Holy Roman Empire, Latin. Ubiquitous usage paved the way for standardized†¦show more content†¦Since sacred music was the dominant musical genre of the era, Gregorian chants enjoyed massive public appeal. Its popularity also allowed it to be used successfully by the church as a religious conversion tool; furthermore, Gregorian chant was of particular importance in the transmission of Christian doctrine, and the formation and eventual expansion of the Holy Roman Empire throughout historical Europe. The plainchants of the Middle Ages, the Gregorian chants, in particular, are the historical progenitors of our westernized musical traditions: common language, form/notation, and cultural transmission. Pepin the Short, and his son Charlemagne, understood that the proliferation of this new musical cannon would be bolstered through the application of universal components such as language. Originally, liturgies were spoken in regional dialects and languages, but in the late eighth century, the first Carolingian monarch, Pepin the Short, had been credited by his son Charlemagne for initiating the streamline of music’s ecclesiastical language. According to music scholar, Kenneth Levy, â€Å"the purpose was to have a single, nominally Roman, repertory sung throughout Europe† (â€Å"Carolingians† 7). The church soon appreciated theShow MoreRelatedModern Philosophy Of The Modern World And The External World1157 Words   |  5 PagesLauren Estes Modern Philosophy Prof. Corsa As humans, I do not think we know as much as we think we know. â€Å"Perhaps this is the reason why in matters of Philosophical research some claim to have discovered the truth, while others declare that finding it is an impossibility, and other are still seeking it† (SE Handout 31). The word â€Å"truth† in this quote is ambiguous. I believe that we will spend the rest of eternity seeking the truth. The truth can mean many things to many different people. What isRead MoreThe Modern World2365 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many challenges in the modern world. Education has been one of the biggest challenges throughout history and continues to still be a challenge around the world. There is much competition, especially between countries and churches over who had the best education system, but it is nearly impossible to determine what the best educational system entails, which is one of the many challenges. Education has always been major topic among churches across th e world. Some of the main objectives ofRead MoreThe Modern World1742 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge is the key to life. This is why throughout history so many have attempted to eradicate this fortunate part of our life. The Babylonians sabotaged the library of Assurbanipal in Nineveh, which was the first and finest known library of the ancient world, and it held the Epic of Gilgamesh as well as countless alternative tablets that may have occupied the answers to today’s conflicts. 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It was the time of grand investigation and discoveries, religious and political havocs, and astonishing literature. Europes overland trade routes to the East had been blocked by 14th century due to the disintegration of the Mongol empire and the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Thus began the Age of DiscoveryRead MoreReligion And The Modern World Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesand repeated. With so many concepts available to us in so many forms, we are able to easily compare and discuss their presence and how they integrate into concepts of the modern world. Two forms of religion are animism versus anthropocentrism. Animistic religions are the oldest kind of religion (though only ten percent of the world currently practice) and maintains the belief that everything around us has a soul - animals, plants, the elements. 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Explain the different positions and outlooks on capitalism and the Industrial Revolution taken by Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. ​The growth, influence, and power of the world surrounds itself around capitalism and the Industrial Revolution. Capitalism is best describedRead MoreSkepticism in the Modern World686 Words   |  3 Pages Philosophical skepticism, according to Scottish philosopher David Hume, is asking whether human beings can perceive the world around us with any degree of accuracy. Practicing this school of thought means that a person initially never believes anything to be true, but at the same time, does not say everything is necessarily false; instead, he maintains a position of doubt. The final source of truth for a skeptic is experience. In terms of skepticism vs. rationalism vs. romanticism and theirRead MoreThe Pseudoscience of the Modern World1624 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst tools, process, and theories of modern chemistry (Alchemy). 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