AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORLD BANK AND DEVELOPING Essay

AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORLD BANK AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - look for Exampledevelopment, namely, means for a long and a healthy life, access to education and access to physical resources which help in a better sustenance of life (Sagar & Najam, 1997, p. 250). Human development thus, is multidimensional in nature, which is automatic ally served out of boilers suit economic and social progress.The earthly concern Bank, however, had been actively involved in alleviating all elements which have been responsible for an underprivileged human life, through implementing investment projects in various aspects. Creation of the system of rules had been the consequence of the Bretton-Woods Commission held in 1944 following the World War II, to resolve issues such(prenominal) as fiscal insolvency arising out of depreciation in currency values. Developmental economics supports two approaches to prop up overall growing in an economy, namely, balanced and unbalanced. Though a n external push is required in both the cases, in case of balanced growth, the effect is often considered to be a diluted one, which is why unbalanced growth is preferred more in nations suffering from a scarcity of resources.3 Unbalanced growth in fact, had been support by a large number of economists. Rosenstein Rodan, the proponent of Big Push theory established the immensity of unbalanced growth which he regarded to be essential for the developing nations to break out of the low take aim equilibrium trap, i.e., for economies which did not have high growth potentials. These investments however, were emphasized for industrial or infrastructural development, which is considered as a fundamental area which can trigger economic growth. But given the lack of investible resources, it was not executable for the national governments themselves to carry on with their investments in fact they had to seek the help of international organizations like the World Bank which were responsible for resource mobilization activities. The bank established in 1944, had been involved in such development activities hitherto, which

Students Should Not Be Given Handicaps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Students Should Not Be Given Handicaps - Essay ExampleTeachers are obliged by pedagogy and a set curriculum to ensure learners at each stage grasp specific skills. As such, though fast learners whitethorn grasp such skills with little efforts, it is upon the instructor to use their training in ensuring the slow learners catch up to the required level of learning, while at the same time promote fast learners. In other words, the teacher would not limit the fast learners to the level of slow learners and at the same time may not alter the learning guide beyond the demands of the learning level. This implies that teachers may not limit the abilities of the fast learners but should try to lift slow learners to the minimum level of cleverness based on their level of learning.The basic principle is that teachers have to promote justice equ on the wholey for all learners and treat the learners and their needs with justice (Koutselini, Trigo-Santos, and Verkest, 4). Therefore, instead of using handicaps, strong learners are at liberty to locomote at their pace of learning without pulling them to the level of the slow learners, as a teacher helps the asthenic learners to achieve the minimum requirements as per their learning levels.

The Impact of Rising Food and Fuel Prices Essay

The Impact of Rising Food and fuel Prices - Essay ExampleThe rising trend in international victuals prices persisted and accelerated in 2008. U.S. pale yellow export prices skyrocketed from $375/ ton in January to $440/ton in March. Thai rice export prices chalked up from $365/ton to $562/ton.The governments of the developed and developing countries adopted various mitigation respects. Specific policy interventions were applied in collar broad categories (i) interventions to assure household viands security by establishing solid food safety nets (ii) interventions to lessen interior(prenominal) food prices by way of penalty or administrative action, and (iii) interventions to develop supplies and production of longer-term food supply. disposed(p) the three categories of policies there are preferred options that are more reliable and equitable. The best options to address food insecurity is the targeted cash transfers to vulnerable groups. Cash transfers increase the purchasi ng power of the poor without changing the string of incentives that are available to produce more food and without reducing the incomes of poor food sellers. The depth, targeting efficiency and pass judgment of the transfer programs depends on the countrys level of development.Another set of best options to decrease domestic prices cover the laboured of tariffs and other government assesses on key staples. Many countries impose tariffs on food imports so as to foster domestic production and produce reliable tax incomes. During a period of increasing prices, the consequent reductions in tariffs and taxes presents a measure of relief to existing consumers at a limited fiscal cost. The subsequent revenue loss arising from the reduction of the tariffs is very important and the fiscal result of implementing this with extra social protection expenditures whoremaster require cutbacks in less priority areas. Approximately twenty-four out of fifty-eight countries under memorize have r ecently reduced import duties and Value Added Taxes in the phenomenon of rising food prices. Others developing countries, such(prenominal) as the Philippines, implemented a regime of high tariffs to protect domestic food producers and manufacturers.Other countries utilize a policy of implementing a bread or grain subsidies specifically targeted to the poor to handle household food insecurity. In some cases, the introduction of consumer subsidies for staples after the recent rise in food prices. The Government of Yemen provided wheat in public markets at subsidized rates following a rise in food prices. In 2008, the Government of Pakistan implemented a ration card system to distribute subsidized wheat. These measures move be made permanent given the persistent food increase which results in high fiscal costs. Moreover, if the application of all the consumer subsidies are countered by specific measures to keep producer prices low, this can be harmful in the end. The one exception to this situation is when price controls are introduced as a temporary measure and are deemed important in terms of a higher social goal. In these exceptional cases, the risks of entrenchment will be minimized. For countries that are grain exporters, there exist political exigencies to ban or tax grain exports in high price years. Some of these countries have fullly applied these methods. These policies tend to have a limited impact on domestic price levels and a relatively negative effect on

U.S history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S history - Essay ExampleBrazil was the only exception in that respect slavery was abolished later than in the US. However, the period of independent existence of this country was much shorter.Severe record of the Northern states provided appropriate conditions for the industrial development. The local model of economy necessitate highly motivated and delicate workers. Of course, the quality of slave parturiency could not meet these requirements. On the other hand, plantation economy of the due south was in need of mass low-qualified labor force. The instal of slavery seemed to be a perfect solution. The big the plantation was, the more slaves its owner needed.Thus, the stinting advancement of the Southern states was rather fast-paced. Unpaid slave labor became its integral component. The economy has been especially profitable from the 1840s until the beginning of the Civil War. Cotton, its main export product, was one of the closely important factors of its success. The demand for cotton was really high in European countries, especially in corking Britain. In addition, the prices for cotton tended to increase. People used to call cotton the King. Southern plantations supplied 75% of the worlds cotton by 1860 it accounted almost 50% of the export of the US.The agrarian slave-owning South and the industrial North used to be independent economic regions in the early 19th century. Each state could pursue its own economic policy. Despite the constant population increase and economic development, the flow of integration processes was rather slow.The North required resources from the South, especially cotton. At the same time, the South was in need of machinery from the North. That is why the coexistence of these two regions had been peaceful and mutually profitable for a long time. However, a number of contradictions emerged soon. One of the most disputed issues related to the institute of slavery.It is possible to provide many examples. Fugitive sla ves is one of them.

DIVERSITY AND CITIZENSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DIVERSITY AND CITIZENSHIP - Essay ExampleFurthermore, in Isla Vista, peer attitudes determine the level of certificate and safety, which students obtain in the college campus (Counseling and Student Support Office, Bullying at School). According to my perspective, where aggressive attitudes depose generate unsafe environment in school campus, a caring attitude mass look into safety and security for every type of students irrespective of cultural barriers. Besides, I would also prefer to concern that peers can make any bullying intervention program successful. By demonstrating a positive behavior, they can eliminate any violent problem in school campus and therefore support in create better relationship with every students (Furlong, Felix, Sharkey and Larson 11-15). Hence, from my personal viewpoint, my peers have imposed a strong influence on my sense of safe and security in Isla Vista as well as in the university.A global citizen is one who recognizes himself/herself with being a part of the evolving world. The actions of a global citizen attempt to support to the arrangement of global values and practices. Global citizen possess adequate awareness regarding the world and its inhabitants. In order to release a global citizen, one must identify the regional differences and accept various cultures. It is in this condition that global citizens understand the interconnectivity of every individual and every place. Furthermore, developing trust and collaborative attitude with unlike people as representative of various cultures around the world is also regarded as an inherent dowery to help developing a global citizen (Global Kids Connect, What is Global Citizenship?).In preparing myself to become a global citizen, I can take advantage of several activities organized in the university over next several years, much(prenominal) as developing positive relationship with various students representing different cultural groups, resisting against any kind of raci al discrimination or intolerable behavior, valuing the

LAW2112 European Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LAW2112 European Single mercantileize - Essay ExampleHowever, under(a) Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 issued on October 15 1968 on freedom of movement, which renders inapplicable statutory, administrative and regulatory provisions that have the effect of limiting the involution of nationals of other extremity commonwealths and are not applicable to its own citizens or even if applicable but has the chief set out of hindering the employment of the nationals of other Member resigns, linguistic requirements are held exempted. Put differently, a Member State may require workers from other Member States certain linguistic competence if the same is required by reason of the nature of the post ( bind 3 s1) without violating the rule on national discrimination.If Greta is going to teach medicinal drug within UK providing music lessons to students eight hours a week, she has the right to enjoy freedom of residence albeit temporarily under the treaty on the Functioning of the EU as a p erson providing operate of profession. Under Article 56 of the said Treaty on the right of establishment, EU citizens have the right to provide services anywhere within the EU even beyond their respective national borders. Services under the Treaty context may refer to either one of the following activities of an industrial character activities of a commercial character activities of craftsmen, and activities of the professions (Article 57, Treaty on the Functioning of the EU). Greta may come within the ambit of one boastful services involving activities of the music profession.Costas cannot be rejected on the ground that being a postman is an employment of public service because it does not entail an exercise, directly or indirectly, of public power or the security system of the interest of the state.Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the freedom of movement of workers from one Member State to other Member States within the EU is not applicable to public service empl oyment. Article 45, s (d) specifically states that

Nursing Care Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nursing Care Management - Essay ExampleThis paper shall work out one compassionate focal point episode from practice, assessing and evaluating the ways by which patient care is affected by negotiated, team performance, and multi-agency collaboration. It will discuss the impact of team work and the MDT on patient care. It will to a fault discuss variables which impact on the efficacy of the team and the different programs of care. This paper will as well crumple the ways by which my reflections and analysis will impact on my personal contributions for the team as a registered practitioner. The patients confidentiality will be protected at all times with assumed call assigned to individuals involved during my placement. The subject of this paper is Mrs. P, admitted to the hospital due to discomfort from her pubic catheter which already increase to moderate pain. She had one carer seeing her periodical to manage her daily activities but she got worse, and needed an increased care package as the carer could no longer manage her well. The fact that she was also asthmatic made the management more complicated. She stated that she needed 24 hour care and could no longer manage macrocosm alone at home. ... She was again sent home with pain medications and antibiotics which still did not do some(prenominal) to relieve her symptoms. Prior to her discharge, the pharmacy helped sort out her medications, with the doctor assessing her condition on a fix basis and assessing if she was stable enough to be discharged. These professionals also organized her discharge letter. The nurse attended to her daily needs and monitored her vital signs, as well as her symptoms. The physiotherapist evaluated her mobility and her daily activities. Social services also participated in her care in order to help manage her home needs by charge carers before her discharge. Being a student nurse involved in the nursing management process, my share was to assess the patients assigned t o me in terms of routine nursing roles. Nursing care also involves the paygrade of individual patient needs (Gaberson and Oermann, 2010). In patients with identified wellness issues, the management process would often hold the assistance of the multidisciplinary care team. Teamwork in the hospital setting is very much important because it helps ensure the in effect(p) management of the patients illness, often allowing their effective transition into the community setting, and preventing readmissions (Komatsu, et.al., 2011). Teams are individuals working with from each one other using similar tools and methods, seeking common goals via group efforts, and eventually establishing services which are more complete and superior in quality (Komatsu, et.al., 2011). In the hospital setting, there are various health professionals working with each other and sharing information with each other. Factors affecting the success of care programmes

Potential Impacts of Public Anger on Politics, Government, and Public Essay

Potential Impacts of normal Anger on Politics, Government, and in the humans eye(predicate) Policy - Essay ExampleThe killing of Gifford in Arizona is in any case examined to predict the populars attitudes in the future governments. In order to clearly understand this topic, the agent major instances of public anger towards the United States government are discussed by focusing on their causes, desire and short time impacts. This paper examines the origins, level of impact, and examples of the present and former publics anger and attitudes towards the government, governing and public policies. As part of this paper, the influence of internet invention as a tool for pull together information on the publics attitude and anger towards the government is also discussed. Potential Impacts of Public Anger on Politics, Government, and Public Policy In the current report published by mainland China on 18th April, it is reported that, By almost every conceivable measure Americans are less(prenominal) positive and more critical of government these days (Veith, Wilson &Fischer, 2009). The latest report also confirmed that the deteriorating economic system that affected millions of citizens fueled distrust and lack of confidence in the congress and elected officials who betrayed them. The general public opts for a reformed government not an activist government but both the Democrats and the Republicans still engender anger. Other than the Viet Nam War, there has been growing anger in America presently more than any another(prenominal) time. Those who lived during the Viet Nam War witnessed street rioting that almost tore the country apart. The government did not bother to realise what the ire was directed to. Presently the Americans are angry again. They may have good reasons to be, but just about may be as a result of their own actions. The normal American citizen was sold to a throwaway of goods that assured them of achieving the American Dream, but unfortu nately they became the culprits of their own and corporate greed (Veith, Wilson &Fischer, 2009). decline of the Wall roads In the last two years, Americans have lost their dreams, savings and retirement. Presently, the high unemployment rates seem to be the worst cause of public anger towards the government. The accompanying domino effects and the shaking besiege streets that have destabilized the economy, have caused the urge to realize the American Dream among the Americans to gradually diminish. Seemingly, the government is mainly arouse in the Wall Streets more than the Main streets. The American administration appears to be detached from President Obama. copulation is at a stalemate. The formulation of the best solution to solve the unemployment problem is taking points among the respective political parties for their campaigns (Woolf, 2003). The once assured prosperous future now seems to be doomed and the general result of this is publics anger towards all institution, specifically the government. Every American of sound mind should realize that the bill of goods that they were sold to was a fools gold. They bought the full package by putting their savings and hopes in the hands of corrupt investors and individuals, who promised them success in the Wall Streets. It should be made known that the 401K was not to substitute peoples retirements but it was made to be part of the retirement (Woolf, 2003). Its main motive was to lure Americans that Wall Street was a good investment that would make more profit so as to drain you vernacular savings. Just like RPO predicted, its crash

Tech 398 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tech 398 - Research Paper ExampleHowever, one of the intimately recent concerns directly affecting the functionality and operations of the civil aviations is the issue of terrorism. Since aircrafts are soft targets for the terrorist faction and their spirit of leaving deep impact on the minds of the people is met, thus civil aviation has become instead vulnerable to terrorism. Given the severity of the lasting impacts that the issue may raise, priority must be given(p) to engage the stakeholders in order to ensure that the damages are minimized. In this context, a paradigm has been emerged in the existing model of civil aviation safety to ensure measures aiming at minimizing terrorist episodes on flights. This paradigm incorporates measures alike(p) information desk being managed by US department of State, technologically enhanced equipment to screen the passengers, cargo screening, improve intelligence measures along with efforts to build an informed network of passengers. The Department of Home incorporated an advisory dodge which was color coded to keep the masses alert. In addition, efforts at global level are also at play, for instance, the International Civil Aviation Organization is working in collaboration with the UN to develop security measures to luck with the issue of terrorism in context to civil aviation safety. The paper will aim at analyzing the paradigm shift in the wake of the brat of terrorism to civil aviation safety.There is no second opinion in the view that the civil aviation industry has been impacted by the threat of terrorism. Though terrorism related incident had occurred in the pre-September 11 era as well, yet in the aftermath of September 11 attacks the situation became worse off than it ever was. The international traffic properly after the attack saw around 40 percent drop-off in a a couple of(prenominal) markets (Howard, Forest & Moore 66). Furthermore, the incident of Code Orange added insult to injury

Can a company strive for large profits while truly caring to the well Literature review

Can a company seek for large pelf while truly caring to the well being of the ecumenical federation - books review ExampleResponsible line of merchandise enterprises strive to improve railway line performance, make profits, and contribute to the economic progress in the connection. However, several business leaders are only interested in community activities that increase their profits. Social responsibilities of businesses are not restricted to profitable ventures. The organization can participate in activities that improve the conditions of the general population without direct or indirect profits. The big question is whether a business can remain profitable while caring for the wellbeing of the general population. Hill, R.P., Ainscough, T., Shank, T., and Manullang, D. 2007. Corporate social accountability and socially creditworthy investing A global perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 165-174. The current economies face issues of responsible business conduct such as product quality, health and safety, environmental protection, and compliance with laws and industry standards. These responsibilities maturate from the desire to make profits, which is determined by the relationship between the business and the society. Businesses rely on guest satisfaction to improve their profits margins. Customer satisfaction is caused by the attractive business activities such as services offered, environmental conservation, and product quality. These activities portray responsibility on the side of the business. The wellbeing of the general population is determined by responsible activities by the business. The standards of responsible business conduct go beyond the conventional expectations of maintaining morality. Business enterprises are members of the community, and they must enrich the economic and social conditions of the community. Improving the social and economic conditions of the community improves the wellbeing of the population (Porter an d Kramer, 2006). Pursuing profits and economic superiority does not license ignorance or rest of community norms, values, integrity, and respect. The business must engage in activities that uphold the morals and values of the society. Some activities such as advertisements may compromise the norms and beliefs of the society. Communities such the Chinese are conservative and are demanded advertisements that have body exposure and romance. Violent and immoral advertisements destroy the moral values of the community. Violence and immorality affect the wellbeing of the community and businesses participating in such activities may experience disapproval by the community. The general population provides market for products and businesses that overlook community norms and values are likely to make losses. Global business organizations have to uphold and respect different societal values and norms depending on the traditions of the community they operate. This determines the amount of pr ofits acquired by business units across the globe (Gege, 2004). The objective of social responsibility of businesses is to generate the capital essential for operations. Success for any business is measured in terms of profits and losses incurred. Businesses must get through the cost of capital, cover risks and uncertainties, and the needs of workers and pensioners. Businesses may be forced to compromise the quality of their products in piece to maximize their revenues. This involves altering the material quality of products

Censorship, The First Amendment, and Free Speech Essay - 2

Censorship, The First Amendment, and Free Speech - Essay ExampleRegulation of the general speech is censoring but regulation of evil and felonious speech is not censorship. The government activity should find some profits content such as hate sites, excessive violence, pornography and misuse of chat rooms (Kagan 12-46).The first step of controlling and regulating internet content is by proper enforcement of National law of natures. Laws ar burning(prenominal) since they are effective in controlling the harmful content in the internet. For workout, the Communications Decency Act (CDA) and the nestling Online Protection Act (COPA) efficiently help in regulating harmful internet content to children. The government should also pass a bill which restricts contents such as pornography, misuse of chat rooms, tuition stimulating excessive violence and hate sites (Akdeniz 2-12).Pornography is the major evil element in the internet. consort to the annual review of Online Computer Library Centre (2001), there were about 74000 websites containing adult content which were generating more than than $1 billion as a profit. Despite the wide-spread of grown material in the internet, most of them are legal except the child pornography, bestiality, sadomasochism and necrophilia. Therefore, the government should establish laws that restrict adults from holding or viewing pornographic materials (Akdeniz 2-12). The law should also ensure that internet users do not misuse chat rooms. The government law should restrict the hate sites and ban their creation in the internet. R v Graham case of 1999 is an example of how government can regulate internet content through the enforcement of the law.Secondly, the government can regulate and control the harmful and illegal internet content by developing active hotlines for reporting various cases involving illegal internet content. Hotlines are important in regulation since they enable the government to identify users who are

Apple Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

apple Inc - Case Study ExampleIn situation, it contributes to over 50% of orchard apple trees bottom line and with the sales of its iPhone 5 surpassing that of the iPhone 4s, the attach tos market cap change magnitude significantly. Secondly, the apple Dividend announced in March of 2012 made its stock more attractive to income-searching retail investors, condescension its small yield. However, income fund managers found its $2.65 quarterly dividend more important as the income funds require that the investments mustiness provide income (Sutherland, 2012 p52). Having a dividend made it possible for more investors to buy its stock, which increased its market cap. In addition, although Apples stocks have been fluctuating, its fundamentals have stayed the same with over $100 billion in coin reserves and no debts. This ensures that investors see it as a safe bet that will climb again. Apple was able to identify market trends and capitalize on them through various means. With a d iverse target of stylish products, Apple capitalized on the fact that consumers wanted to be different. The iPhone and the iPad were released after Apple recognized the elevated demand for computers and phones but that most products on the market looked the same with similar functionalities (Treacy, 2012 p60). Another reason for Apples ability to capitalize on identified market trends is its dynamic business plan, which is always portion to resonate with what the market wants. By changing the companys name to Apple Inc from Apple Computer, the company identified the need for a phone with computer functionalities and broadened their spectrum. Apple was also able to identify the fact that music retail outlets were becoming popular and that outsourcing this capability was not giving them what they wanted (Treacy, 2012 p60). ... By open up a retail store, they were able to capitalize on consumers needs for a retail outlet on their phones. Apple was able to achieve global success by leveraging brand loyalty. By winning their business to emerging markets with minimal penetration of smartphones but where their brand was already known due to multitude media, the company opened up new opportunities for developers in those markets (Treacy, 2012 p72). In addition, by hiring employees from those countries and from diverse fields, including artists and musicians, they were able to earn unique and different perspectives from those countries. Apple also built relationships with its customers in various regions of the world by cover social media and the internet, which meant that people in these new regions saw Apple as a transparent and trusty company. In addition, they also used movement marketing, in which they marketed what Apple believed in, contending that they sought to bring personal take in of computing to consumers crossways the world via innovation (Treacy, 2012 p73). By leveraging brand loyalty, Apple consumers have lose glitches as they have emotional c onnections with their products. However, in order for Apple to gain market share across the world, various companies also had to lose market share and the most affected company was Microsoft. By cartel most of what Microsoft offered, including a phone, search engine, office, and operating systems, Apple was able to offer consumers a product that was more appealing (Treacy, 2012 p91). By doing this, Apple was also able to grow various market segments. One of them was the smartphone market, which, although up to now stagnant at 3%, has pushed its competitors to

Central Bank and Monetary Policy Research Paper

Central slang and Monetary constitution - Research Paper ExampleThe main reason why countries create their own primeval tills is to stop up control of their currency. The rally bank is the only authority that can print money and such province cannot be given to anyone else as the consequence may turn out to be disastrous. The role of the central bank evolved over time and the literature in monetary theory points out that central banks acidulate to reduce the impact of economic fluctuations and to minimize volatility in the financial system. They pursue five objectives to regard economic and financial stability. The goals of central banks are generally specified as terms stability, stable real number growth, financial stability, interest rate and exchange rate stability (Mankiw, 2011 Geraats, 2006, pp. 37-40). The main goal of this research aim is to help understand how the central bank manages and controls the quantity of money in the economy and its relation to price st ability. It also brings out the main tasks of central banks and the challenge they face in conducting monetary policy. Objectives of Central Bank The major role of the central bank of any outlandish in the world is to monitor the financial structure of the respective country. Central banks also control the volume of financial transactions which are make by all other banks in the economy. These other banks include commercial banks, other non-banking financial institutions. The close to important objective of the central bank is to manage the amount of financial resources of the economy and thus to prevent the stability in the economy. This stability is maintained in the economy by the central bank of the country in respect to stability of prices of goods and services, stability of financial transactions and prices of these transactions. Also stability is required to be achieved by the central bank in terms of movements in nominal as well as real interest rates and stability in exc hange rates. Finally, the some important role of the central bank is to maintain stability in the real growth of the economy (Mankiw, 2011). Central banks of different countries use up long been correlated with secrecy. Even in regard to the present trend toward higher level of transparentness of different monetary policies, it can be said that, this has not dispersed the inscrutability with which all central bankers very much argue. Various researchers bugger off provided an economic explanation for different roles of oblique communication. Under the conceivable assumption that in that respect exists imperfect common knowledge or information about the level of transparency, all economic outcomes have been decided by both actual as well as perceived transparency. It has been shown, in numerous researchers, that it can be helpful to merge actual transparency with the perceived opacity. The optimal or most efficient communication strategy for the central bank is related to the p rocess of providing clarity about the locate level of inflation. But the role of the central is also related to the process of providing information with recognized ambiguity about the target of prevailing as well as expected output-gap and supply shocks. Therefore, the central bank benefits from sustaining transparency misperceptions, which helps to explain why transparency of monetary policy has not eliminated the mystique of central bank address (Geraats, 2006, p. 38 Blanchard, 2007, pp. 69-75). Balance sheet of central bank The balance sheet of the central consists of assets and liabilities.

Answering quistions regarding to the personal statment Essay

Answering quistions regarding to the personal statment - Essay suitIn view of this self-awareness would give me the impetus for being employed since I would be able to flop articulate my knowledge ability and skills set to prospective employers succinctly without stuttering.From the feedback, I have learnt that my communication skills, oddly in giving specific details about me are quite poor and therefore command to be improved greatly to give the right impression to prospective employers. I have similarly learnt that I have a great potential in me of being an effective communicator by concentrating on the major issues through pin pointing the specifics of the issues I am talking about rather than applying generalizations. Another serious lesson from the feedback is that there is urgent need for me to do a thorough research of the specificities of the practical nature and varieties of doable job openings in my field of specialization and their specific entry use upments.In re lation to my key strengths, I would have indicated that as an electrical and electronics engineer, my personal organization skills would be helpful in prioritization of tasks allowing free light of operations that my work supports. Responsibilities in electrical and electronics engineering involve the application of diagnostic expertise and tests for identifying and ascertain the sources of electrical faults and interpreting the error codes and in-built indicators of faults. Other crucial tasks involve design transformation into actual outcomes. . These tasks require high level of organization and keenness.My ability to handle pressure would enable me deal with situations like centre collapse of systems quickly without any delays, to restore maximum performance of systems in the shortest time possible. I go away achieve this through quick and accurate interpretation of circuit diagrams.My high standards of excellence would be instrumental in accurately analyzing information in

MKT Assignment 02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MKT Assignment 02 - Essay ExampleGucci. Prada. Louis Vuitton. Coach. Herms. Chlo. Not any more. Price - a meaning slight word in accessories and leather product industry - is one now echoing deep. Interestingly, feminine sensibility has changed at industrys heels or, conversely, has prompted an unbelievable change. Handbags - a long-standing feminine companion, a stamped LV projected for all eyes to see - have given over way to shoes. In response to current crisis, major brands are working out marketing strategies stressing less on new and more on loyalty to existent classic offerings. Wall Street journal Magazine qualifies current economic crisis as FactEvidence suggests that after a long shop hiatus last winter and spring, consumers have been tiptoeing back into stores to buy shoes, handbags and sunglasses, selectively emphasis added. (Bannon)Selectively is, in fact, telling. self-indulgent consumers, losing huge financial assets, are psychologically speaking no longer intereste d in highlife per se but to keep up an image damaged hard in elite circles. In response, industry giants are adjusting to perceived shifts. Thus, a Prada bootie priced at $800+ during shopping splurge heydays now cost $495. Yet, bags are a standalone symbol for femininity - hence industrys, led by Louis Vuittons, marketing strategy to conjure up brand image of classic models. Saks Fifth Avenue and Chlo are following suit. Interestingly, an industry traditionally accommodate up to high-end, well-off, older consumers is currently turning to 18-to-25-year-olds stamped -by lavishness industry - as bunkie. Coachs Poppy - featuring sequins, jewels, bright colors, logos and metallics - is a clear example. Notwithstanding Coachs turn to, well, bunkies Poppys features still retain an industrys hold Insert Your Last Name 2on luxury values. Thus, in a mix of new market segmentation and pricing strategies, accessories industry eyes unconvincing (untapped) markets during business-as-usual d ays.Yet, some big brands (e.g. Bottega Veneta) still refuse, at all costs, to compromise on price and stress more on quality and value. Consistently, Italian manufacturers show reluctance to offshore - an indication of still entrenched Italian all-in-the-family business culture. Major retail stores in major markets such as U.S. have, however, responded more briskly supply to more diverse world-wide consumer segments. Indeed, one great opportunity current economic crisis offers to accessories industry leadership is including broader global market segments formerly inadequately served.Historically, market segments for accessories industry have taken as telephone exchange to global marketing strategy North America, Western Europe, Australia, and Russia. As part of global marketing strategy, global brands such as mentioned above have enjoyed constant featuring in major fashion weeks in Paris, London, Milan and forward-looking York. Comparatively, little attention has been directed to emerging fashion weeks in Middle East (e.g. Dubai Fashion Week) and Indian Sub-Continent. In current global economic situation rethinking global marketing strategies becomes a mandate non only for expansion and growth but even for survival as global tastes

European Car Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Car Market - Essay ExampleIn the sure world, there is no such mart as a everlasting(a) competition as each(prenominal) firm tries to differentiate its product from others and perfect competition involves perfect homogeneity. Perfect competition occurs where every lineament of competition is known to the seller and as well as the buyer indeed giving all information to the commercialise. Due to the interaction of forces of demand and add the market harm stays for all thus the firms become price-takers and mainly compete on the terms of cost only. This raises the issue of profit maximization and firms in the perfect competition tend to increase their profits by only reducing costs. Further the question that perfect knowledge about the market means that despite of how much a firm produces it willing get the same price throughout its production schedule as in a perfect market the average revenue is constant and so is the marginal revenue thus implying that the price picnic is zero thus a decline or raise in price would bring about no change to the total revenue. In the perfect market, demand tends to stay constant throughout and since the firms are small, increment to the cost will only add up to the loss.The perfect market is more defenseless to competition as there are many buyers and sellers. So the effect of entry and exit of a single supplier does not play a major role in upsetting the market whereas in the oligopolistic case, the effect of exit of any one firm plays a vital role in changing the entire market structure.Product Homogeneity and competitionProduct homogeneity is another operator that deters the taxonomy of the car industry as being perfect. In a perfect competition, the products are considered as homogeneous thus they share the same attributes as of their rival products. This again reflects the point that this market is more habituated to price changes and therefore entry and exit of firms will keep on happening. Conside r that if the car market is to be called as perfect market then there would be many firms wanting to get married the industry to reap better profits as it is a growing industry and so step-up of new firms would keep on expanding the market thus there would be a time when the supply of cars will exceed the desired demand thereby causing a decline in price making many firms lose out. Thus only unmindful term profits could be achieved and that it is possible that the losing firms may not be able to cover up their costs even. The point to be raised is that is there a substitute use of the machinery needed to manufacture cars Probably not as the technology required to build car engines would be in appropriate to be applied to Water-filters or cigarettes. In this case if the demand for cars falls so can the producer make a emergent move and go into the cigarette industry Never, it is difficult to shutdown large plants in a short period of time.Economies of ScaleThe point from which t he economies of weighing machine start is hard to attain at the momentary run. Economies of scale reflects the efficiency of the firm in the long run and in perfect competitio

The Five People You Meet in Heaven coursework evaluation sample Essay Example for Free

The Five People You Meet in Heaven coursework evaluation sample Essay1. Person 1 The Blue Man Evaluate your gambling showing the connection between the Blue Man and Eddie. Our drama worked well because our group had the advantage of having trey people in the group, which meant we could create a drama different from anybody elses and develop the side range of opinion we all had. However, working within a group of three when only two characters were needed, also meant it was harder to commence the emotion between The Blue Man and Eddie. The acting was good alone we could have improved as some members of the group were not as foc utilize as others. This could have been because we had to work hard to adjustment and re-evaluate the master(prenominal) ideas of the drama as we had to work goodly in a trio. Next time, we should stay in role and motivate each other better.2. Person 2 The Captain Evaluate the Forum landing field showing Eddies forgiveness as he understands wh y the Captain shot him in the leg.We used assemblage theatre to portray thus. It worked because the actors who volunteered were very enthusiastic and that flowed through into their acting. The audience contributed by giving advice to the actors, this was effective because we cease up with a different range of idea that contrasted well with each other. The moment was a bit disorganised, because we were improvising and some actors slipped bug out of role whilst in the spotlight. The acting was touch and go strong when the ideas were flowing but weak when the ideas were running out of steam. To improve this next time we could pre plan where we want to go with the ideas. However, do it lightly as we would want the forum theatre acting to still possesses spontaneity.3. Person 3 flushed (and Eddies Father) Evaluate how you communicated one of the below.The damage of neglect / The damage of violence / The damage of silenceWhat techniques did you use?We used two tableauxsExplain one primal momentAs tableaux one was a light hearted and jubilant picture of father and son, whilst tableaux two was a picture showing the strained relationship between the two the transition between the two still images was very important.How effective was the piece and why?The piece was effective because the juxtaposition between the two tableaux was evident.What would you do differently in an type world?In an archetype world, I would have a background of a sunny walking trail (as this is suitable to the face in which we delineate out still image), then in tableaux two the background would shape into a stormy grey. Also, the costume would be matching at first and very proper but in the second still image, we could consider having the son dressed in a more sloppy trend that hints his rebellion towards his father.4. Person 4 Marguerite explain how you chose to portray the concept of Love.What techniques did you use?A striking technique used in our drama was mime we developed the idea of using mime so the two people in love mined the words whilst the outsider of the group spoke out aloud.We also used projection to project an image of clouds onto the wall behind us, we wanted to create a clam effect at the beginning of the piece.Explain one key momentA key moment was when soulfulness 1 and person 2 (the two in love) kissed this showed the progression of their relationship. However person 3 is continually being ignored and can only watch whilst person 1 and person 2 fall in love.How effective was the piece and why?It was effective, because even though there was trammel speech we conveyed the different emotions between the friends effectively.What would you do differently in an ideal world?In an ideal world, I would have more actors performing in the last scene as extras. When the friends finally get through after years of growing apart, it would look good if we had a crowd of bustling people that the main trio had to push past in order to escape an awk ward meeting. However, we would need to think of ideas of how we could set apart the friends from the extras we could consider using different clothing, spotlights or something else.Also, I would have the projection of the cloud turn into a completely different image at each stage of the friends life. For example when they are children-clouds hovering to a higher place an open field, when they are teenagers-a graffiti brick wall, when they are young adults-a university campus, and when they are adults-an upmarket cafe or eating place of some sort.5. Person 5 Tala Evaluate the most moving part of Talas story for you explain wherefore it was effective and How.

Medical Ethics Essay Example for Free

Medical ethical motive EssayMedical interventions always possess dickens possible outcomes in every situation or scale. The commandment of double consummation is the actual ethics that governs the conditions of alternatives. The main concept that it utilizes is the thought that psyches argon face with decision that can non be avoided and, in the circumstances, the decision will cause some(prenominal) desirable and undesirable effects. Considering the range ethics involved in every intervention implemented, the risk factors should always be considered.Essentially speaking, the belief of double effect involves the critical assessment of the situation considering the fact that the choices being made greatly touch a life of an individual. In an ethical controversy of maternal-fetal conditions wherein the go is ache from a case of complications that asterisk to the severe necessity of evacuating the conception product. The case possesses no other alternatives, and has g reatly compromised both life conditions of the mother and the fetus. Moreover, if medical checkup examination intervention is not implemented as soon as possible both lives shall be blockadeangered severely.In some furcate of logical implication, some might categorize such operation as direct attempt of killing essentially unrighteousnessce, either of the mothers life or the fetal life needs to be sacrificed in order to save one. In such case of saving life through resuscitation, if the significant relatives or others impose the negation of such life saving manipulation for the patient provided with the considerations of higher good than evil, it is not considered anymore as actions of euthanasia nor direct killing.The medical supplier is not anymore liable if incase the patient suffered from any untoward conditions that requires resuscitation, however in the end resulted to death, as it is already a directed will of the patient and the support groups. The principle of tot al effect protects no singular parts or unmarried levels of life. In fact, it does even consider the whole or total person as a whole. The whole or total person is what is sacred and has right wings. To progress parts or lower levels independently of the persons totality would violate just the attri alonee of life considerations.The medical provider should consider the treatment interventions not only for the benefit of a single part, unless rather every aspect of the whole body, such as the effect of the therapy or medical intervention on other parts of the body. Psychotherapy involves the utmost obligation to facilitate the mental intimatelyness and well-being of the society. As far as medico-ethics is concerned, psychiatrists possess such responsibility of conjuring mental wellness to the people.Such principle involves the concept of the divine as well as the societal requirement of psychological wellness linked together with the guidelines of psychotherapeutical interven tions. Such principle considers man as a psychic social unit and total aspect of a person as a whole. Considering the fact that man functions as a whole, psychiatric therapy should revolve in every aspect of a person not only on particularities of disease, disorder, or signs and symptoms but rather as a whole unified being.However, still in reply to this perspective, the concept of the individual should still deal in the specifics and objective details of an individual. The guide protocols of this principle are the fact that man is a unified unit of the community that requires social interactions, and morality considerations over the psychological interventions. Rights to Health Care The general principle of health mete out greatly considers that every individual possesses the right to have unconditional, indiscriminate, and with no considerations on an individuals society.The rights of health care, by law, divine protocols and natural necessities, should be ethically available for every individual. As for the ever conjuring issues in terms of impairment of the pitching of health care, it is both the responsibility of the patient and the health care provider to facilitate maximum health care potential. The health seeking behavior is expected for the patients requiring health care needs as their responsibility, era health care information dissemination, motivation and encouragement are the ethical duties of the health care providers.With the climax of managerial, profit-oriented and progressive modernization, the principle of the health care basic right is arguably being violated in some sense. As the fact states, at least 35 million Americans cannot afford proper health care delivery system for them due to either expensive medical insurance requirements or poverty. As for the both interacting requirement, most of the public, especially those living in or below poverty line, undeniably obtains their medical care from authoritiesal provisions, which are not always sufficient to consider every individuals health care needs.In fact, Medicaid insurance, which is a public insurance firm that caters mostly for the financially incapacitate individuals, is extensively and progressively increasing. However, the worst case of such Medicaid provision is that sickness status possesses a bare(a) requirement to consider a person a candidate for health care treatment. In such case, the health care status of these individuals worsens before they can even attain their due medical interventions. some other controversy is the rising patients of Medicare insurance, which is a public governmental firm that caters to elderly health care welfare. payable to the increasing number of those that cannot afford geriatric care necessities, the last option for these elders is to obtain the care that the government hospitals provide. However, there are cases wherein these elderly incapacitated individuals are being eagerly discharged by the hospital. Adding on to the situation is the increasing profit-oriented hospital firms, which perceives delivery of care as business-money-earning sources.Such condition is beginning to coincide and dominate the health care market, which if not regulated, may even caused further decline of health care obtainment by the public due to financial incongruencies. Considering that the incidence of poverty in the public is increasing, incapabilities of health care insurance to support the appropriate and adequate requirements of their beneficiaries, and the increasing incidence of profit oriented hospitals, greatly contributes to the health care scarcity and health care status of the society.Essentially speaking, such condition possesses the theory of aggravating the morbidity and mortality ratings in the society. Such case is considered indeed as violations of the ethical principle of right of health care. On the contrary, such protocols are necessary in order to keep the hospital and medical insurance organizations surviving. Although, the evident consequence of such scenario is the increasing individuals suffering from health care impairments. As far as the ethical principle, rights of health care, is concerned, such occurring scenario violates the fundamental ethics of health care.Suffering even out with subjective evidences or manifestations, the concept of suffering seems central for the most fundamental concerns of bioethics. Suffering is in part constituted by the experience of a profound evil, as the Old Testament denotes, or flagellum to our sense of self and identity that we are unable to control. IT is the experience of the inexplicably arbitrary and typically destructive. Suffering is not of course an end of religious experience but a problem demanding interpretation.Religions traditions have historically tested to give meaning to suffering by placing the experience in a context of broader questions about ultimate purpose in life, and even human destiny beyond life. Suffering is knowledge of evil but is not evil in itself. Frequently its existence serves as a helpful spiritual or physical warning that something is amiss. Physical pain is often first sign of a serious malady it informs us that something has gone wrong and that we need medical assistance. Of course, sometimes we become aware of evil but are unable to do anything about the situation.The evil is not in our knowledge of a sure state of affairs but in the state of affairs themselves. While we experience our knowledge of these evils as suffering, the knowledge itself remains a basic good. As salvation denotes liberation from evil, Christ liberates man from sin by means of His cross, that is, by means of suffering. The get going of salvation is a labor of suffering. Every person is called to participate personally in that suffering through which our redemption has been accomplished and through which all suffering was redeemed.Suffering, symbolizes by the Cross, is the one universal door through which all must pass to enter the country of God. While on the human level suffering is an emptying, on the divine level it is a glorifying or a filling up and an invitation to manifest the moral greatness of man. The glory of suffering cannot be seen in the martyrs, but also in those who, while not believing in Christ, suffer and give their lives for the truth. As for a Christian perspective, suffering is an opportunity for everyone to experience the power of God and share in the work of redemption.In the midst of individually individuals suffering, Christ is present to share that persons suffering-just as He invites each of us to share His sufferings. This inter-participation of suffering unites our sufferings and Christs sufferings, as well as uniting us with Christ personally. In terms of the medical ethics application, suffering is for both patient and the health care provider to share however, one must not join each one and extend the same negative feelings but r ather, facilitate as the motivator and alleviator of sufferings.The superior part of relieving the patient from the occurring suffering is on the part of the health care provider, as they are the ones who are responsible for the alleviation of such condition. The suffering of undergoing the case of alleviation and the suffering of alleviating the patient itself are the two considered faces of suffering, which has to be considered in every ethical case action. In is indeed necessary to think that the difficulties imposed by the situation is carried by both interacting parties and not one alone.

A Content Analysis of Internet Sites Essay Example for Free

A Content Analysis of profits Sites EssayThis study is an analysis of pornography of a violent nature on the net. There were open to be varied definitions of pornography much(prenominal) as finish upually explicit material and material that combines sex and or exposure of genitals with abuse or degradation that appears to endorse, condone or encourage such behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore the harmful effects of pornography on relationships between phallics and fe manlys and not so much the actual suffice of the sites. There was also a review of earlier research that was done. preceding analysis also included different mediums such as movies and printed magazines. The research design was specific to internet websites that marketed their sites specifically promoting violence and sex. The research included thirty-one such websites. The methods of research were various search engines, link on websites that provided links to other sites and pay for view site s through explicit advertising. Websites were compared by overall content and strong explicit images and text. The findings discovered repetitive themes and images as well as invitations to access interactive websites or programs.Research also found that the setting, type of force, instruments used, number of victims and perpetrators and race were clearly displayed. More details of the victims were revealed turn little was revealed about the perpetrators. An Analysis of Intercollegiate Media Guide Cover Photographs The cover photographs marketed a pre-conceived definition of male and female athletes. The focus of this analysis was to determine how men and women athletes are portrayed on and off apostrophize based on the cover photographs. The findings were determined by asking the following questions. Was the photograph taken on or off court?Was the athlete in uni carcass and were they posed? Did the photograph reveal athleticism? Was there sexual suggestion of either femininity o r masculinity? It found that media perpetuates inequalities between male and female athletes and influences the viewpoint of the public. Media also tends to promote the muscularity and superiority of men. The physical appearance and femininity of female athletes takes precedence over athletic abilities and performance. Getting Your Body Back This analysis was to determine how the magazine portrayed maternalism and motherhood relative to fitness.Pregnant women have a great deal of anxiety and corporations take utility of that and use it to market the importance of fitness before, during and after pregnancy. Fitness is portrayed as a form of empowerment and control in a womans life and being out of spurt depicts excessiveness, lack of self-control and devalues the femininity of women even during pregnancy. It also portrays fit women as having the capacity to do it all. whole kit CitedGill, Jugdeep Kaur. Tips on Summary Writing. 12 October 2008. The Star Online. 16 October 2008 h ttp//www.thestar.com

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance Management Essay1.Executive summary In order to wee a sustainable competitive advantage, organisations realized that to do well economically, it is important to have the appropriate homosexual capital inwardly the company. That is how the term gift management was brought up. Human resource management is one of the pillars leading to organizational victory and TM has be baffle an important issue that HR professionals are dealing with. As companies go global, the deal to concentrate on on TM is increasing. This address is a refresh of the journal article Strategic giving management A review and research agenda written by David G. Collings and Kamel Mellahi (2009). The report includes a all-inclusive view of how IHRM stop address TM issues say in the article. In the report, the strengths and weaknesses of the article have been stated and some recommendations concerning TM have been formulated and all the main points were highlighted in the conclusion.2.Intr oduction This report is a critique of the journal article, Strategic talent management A review and research agenda written by David G.Collings and Kamel Mellahi (2009) for Elsevier publishing company. The report aims at critically analysing the mentioned article to find Talent Management issues relevant to worldwide Human choice management. Firstly the credibility of the authors and the validity of the article volition be briefly analysed. The main key term this report deals with, that is Talent management (TM) will be explained as well as International world resource management (IHRM), ensuring clear understanding of the discussion which will follow.Further to the commentary of the key terms, the theoretical model of strategic talent management proposed by the authors will be analysed and compared to the talent management wheel proposed by MIT Sloan Management Review (2012). The main body of the report will focus on the TM issues reported in the article and their relevance to IHRM, in this regard, other studies assumptions will be taken into account and thus allow us to critically analyse the article. Limitations and merits of the journal article will also be stated and followed by some recommendations as to how the discussed TM issues could be dealt with where international human resource management is concerned. Eventually, a conclusion will be included to highlight the main points which this report will cover.3.Credibility of research Elsevier is one of the worlds leading providers of science information by providing authors and researchers as well as readers with innovative tools and world-class information helping in making critical decisions and to summation productivity. Elsevier has been delivering its services worldwide over the past 130 years and hence, is a credible source of information. Kamel Mellahi is the tangible Co-Editor-in Chief of the International Journal of Management reviews. He has been carrying out many researches in the manag ement field of battle amongst which are in international business strategy and non-market strategy.He has also published more than cardinal disciplely articles. His research were very much sought by several journals and publishers. David G.Collings is a Human Resource Management Professor at DCU and Kings College London. He is the joint editor of a duet of HRM journals. He has been doing research in the field of talent management and global mobility issues and has been able to influence legion(predicate) debates on global mobility. He has been ranked 6th on the list of the most productive scholar of Ireland. Both authors can be said to be well qualified to publish an article on talent management as they both have carried out numerous researches in HRM field, thus, this article can be said to be credible.4.Definition of IHRM and Talent management With the advent of globalization, organisations have ceased to exist on local anesthetic level only, businesses have gone global and t his, for the betterment of its purpose. As well as it can have many advantages, the biggest challenge however remains the competition which has gain in vigour as organisations extend to to stay sustainably competitive. IHRM can be said to be the procurement, allocation, utilization and the motivating pulse of international businesses human resources. The definition of TM, even though being the basis of the article, is however the very first matter of arguing and one of the aims of the article. It was noted that no clear definition of TM has so far been made.Collings and Mellahi (2009), Boussebaa and Morgan (2008) and Piansoongnern and Anurit (2010, 290) have come up with a moreover similar definition of TM. According to them TM can be delimit by processes and activities involving the identification of fundamental positions which help an organization to stay competitive, developing a talent pussycat of high performers to fill in those positions and adjusting HR practices to ensur e commitment of such employees to the firm. For MNCs TM is more cerebrate to talented managers who get international assignments.

W.M Morrisons Plc and Oracle Essay Example for Free

W.M Morrisons Plc and Oracle canvassIn March 2004, WM Morrisons PLC effected the takeover of Safeways with a ? 3bn offer of cash and sh ars, this deal instantly do Morrisons a nationwide company and the 4th largest retail supermarket in the UK with its total store count jumping up from 199 to 403 currently, after the purchase of stores from the Somerfield/Cooperative group. With every week 9 million customers pass d wizard our doors and 124,000 colleagues across the business work hard each day Morrisons (N/A), this is a far cry from its degrade beginnings in 1899. In 1899 William Morrison, an egg and butter merchant, started hes selling from hes cubicle in Bradford Market. Jump forward to 1958 and William Morrisons son Ken, company chairman from 1958-2008, took control of Morrisons, from hes ailing father, and moved the company from market stalls and opened a small town center on shop in Bradford the first of its kind in Bradford to offer self service and exhaust product s are priced. In 1961 Morrisons opens its first supermarket converting a cinema in 5,000sq ft of retail space.By 1967 Morrisons becomes a domain company after significant growth and working out, with the share offer being oversubscribed with more than 80,000 investors severe to purchase shares. Now building infrastructure with the completion of a distribution centre in Wakefield completed in 1988 and expanded in 1990. But further expansion outside of Bradford and Northern England does not go along until 1998 when it opens its first store in Southern England, located in Erith, Greater London. Followed by its inclusion in the FTSE 100 in 2001 its acquisition of Safeways in 2004.To its meteoric growth in that period of 2004-2009 where Morrisons became one of the Big Four supermarket chains and winning various food retail awards such as fare Retailer of the Year and picking up multiple awards at The Grocer awards and its total stores jumped from 119 to 403. It was clear to many ana lysts and its competitors that Morrisons would dumbfound from growing pains in all aspects of its business with many questions being asked of Morrisons, such as Did Morrisons have the infrastructure in place to support such rapid expansion? Was its current business influence suitable for such large scale revamp? Could its current operations support the strain of this expansion?Would Morrisons have to pitch its business image for being the food specialist for everyone to compete effectively with the man-sized four? This case study will focus on Morrisons infrastructure, specifically its IT systems and will step at the decision making process that went into and led to Morrisons deal with Oracle in 2008 to implement a complete Oracle retail suite of merchandising, planning and stores applications, plus the Oracle E-Business Suite for financials, HR/ payroll department and manufacturing. IDG (2008). It will also look at the key challenges companies face when implementing such wide sweeping changes to its IT systems and look back the outcomes of this system against Morrisons original strategy. Firstly, with the increasing developments in IT systems it is becoming more common for companies of all sizes to implement some form of IT in their business, from a sole trader compiling monthly sales figures to a big plc like Dell who generate and complete sales completely from an online setting.When it came to Morrisons making significant changes to its IT systems it had a wealth of information and real examples to follow or in the case of J Sainsburys with its rushed and failed ? 290million carrying out of IT systems aimed at lowering costs, successful business model change in regards to Dell Inc and its change to operate completely online which help massively in stock control technology while traffic with custom orders.

Problem solving Essay Example for Free

Problem firmness EssayPresenting a slipperiness to a teacher is same as presenting it in front of a dialog box. You take aim to have structured and loyal arguments to convince the jury (teacher, in your episode) and prove your point. If you are an excellent lawyer, you can even convince the jury that your defendant is not guilty even if he is (not ethical, of course). The bottom edge is you need to structure your cuticle analysis. Although every study analysis more or less follows the same pattern there is a slight variation depending on the nature of the geek study. Basic everyy there are two types of teddy studies unrestricted and close-ended. Close-ended may have bingle or more questions at the end of the case for the reader to solve. Open-ended, on the contrast, may not digest any questions but require the reader to derive the fuss statement and suggest a solution (thus, open). We result prime(prenominal) side at the pattern for the Open-ended case type I ntroduction / Overview. Although an optional part, it will give a professional look to your analysis. Overview would contain erect 3-4 lines on what the case is ab disclose.Example The case describes the situation of a sales manager Jim Howard whose clubs value statement claims to treat customers with dignity and respect however, he finds that the exact opposite is universe d mavin. He wants to rectify the situation but is prevented by his boss. It basically illustrates how an employee is made benefactorless by his go across management even when he has the power. Summary. Ideally, the summary should be 1/4th of the case. In general terms, it should be limited to one and a half page. The summary should contain very basic details of the case and shouldnt include quotes and figures.Also, Ive seen many students copying the exact same sentences from the case. Dont do it. Trust me, it gives a very bad impression. Rephrase the sentences. SWOT Analysis. In case its a case closely a co mpany, list shovel in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company in bullet points. Write deal sentences and not fragment statements. Example Strengths 1. SDI produces superior products with a differentiated strategy. 2. SDI is the precisely company to introduce solar technology in bird feeder. Problem Statement. each case revolves around a particular line of work that a company may be facing.Some successions, the chore is very explicit but at different times, you need to locate the puzzle from several causes, symptoms and reasons. at that place may even be more than one problem they may come under the Sub-Problems category. However, the main problem would precisely be one. Example The biggest problem of ABC Airways is its inadequacy of market research because of which ABC Airways remains aloof of customers changing demands hence, leaving blank shell for its competitors to fill in the gap. In some cases, there is not a problem statement but an Opp ortunity Statement.Example ABC Airways needs to decide whether it has to continue its competitive strategy or swap its course of action. At the same time, it has an opportunity of expansion into European market. Considering the pros and cons, should it enter this market? Alternatives. Alternatives are chiefly the list of possible solutions. You need to suggest at least three alternatives and discuss pros and cons of each the opinion of which would lead you to choose the best one. Best Alternative. As the name suggests, this would describe the best possible alternative.Here, you would weather your solution by reasoning why youve chosen this alternative. You can go a step unless by explaining how this particular company can achieve its goal or resolve its problem with the help of this alternative. Scared? Dont be. You already go through all these steps while doing the analysis. The only difference is that we have broken them down into headings so that they look more organized and neat. Plus, this would not only help you organize the information but also give you further ideas that you might miss out if everything was mixed up. Now, we take a look at the format for Close-ended case studies.Dont worry, this one doesnt have all those steps. Introduction / Overview. Again optional. Summary Same as above Questions and Answers. This is the close important step in close-ended case studies. Here is where you need to convince your audience that what you say is function (even if its not). Extract evidence for your resolvings from within the case. But dont write long paragraphs and codT repeat the same thing over and over again. It gives an impression youre just hard to fill up pages in hope that your teacher doesnt read it all and assumes what youve written mustiness be correct.Wrong Believe me, theyre far smarter than you Conclusion. Instead of best alternatives, in the close-type case studies, you need to write the conclusion. It is better to write just a few paragraphs (1-2) in which you can summarize your help as a total, give your opinion and recommendations. Example The conclusion I have drawn from this case is that one becomes powerless when is under the influence of someone else and is forced to alter his own personal ethical values and beliefs according to the beliefs of the ones having power.Thus, ethics becomes secondary when one is under the power like the CPA in this case. However, there are some exceptions i. e. until and unless one is determined to stay firm on his ethical values, no one can force him to be his puppet. Hence, it depends on the willpower of ones own self-importance how strongly he believes in his values and how earnest he is to stay put on them. He may face obstacles in the short-term however, in long-term, he is bound to dumbfound the reward. 0. 0/60votes Tags Asma Chang, character Study, SEO, Solving Case Study, Ultraspectra Case Study.thither was nothing more dreadful for me than solving a case study. Honestly, whenever I was handed a case study to solve in a class, my throat would get dry and the words appeared to blur and dance in front of me. I would stare at the first page for a few seconds and diligently count the rest of the pages before yarn the first paragraph, gulp as Id originate. But thanks to my merciless teachers who seemed to love case studies as a lot as I hated them, I gradually began to overcome this fear. And soon enough, I realized solving a case study is nothing but a simple procedure of steps.If you do them right, genus Viola Your case is solved. Before I go on to the steps, let me first give you some quick tips on how to begin a case study 1. Read the case three times. This is at minimum. 2. Every case study has a task for you to do at the end perhaps some questions to answer or a summary to write. In any case, just read through the complete case without reading the questions for the first time. Dont stop if you are not getting what the case is about and dont even expect youll get it the first time. Your objective to read the case the foremost time is to only get the gist. 3.Now that youve finished reading for the first time, have a look at the questions and read the whole case again starting from the beginning. Take a pencil and begin underlining what you feel is relevant to your questions. Mark the underlined text with a symbol that you can understand later. For example, say youve been asked to do the SWOT Analysis of the case what you do is put a small S for any line you feel describes the companys strength. But again, dont become obsessed with finding the answers to your questions just now. Your objective for reading the case 2nd time is only to understand the problem statement.4. You see what the problem is and you are ready to solve the answers. Read the terzetto time, this time concentrating on finding solutions to your questions. By now, you will already know to quite an extent where the answer to particular question lies in the case. Hence, your objective for reading the case the 3rd time is to find solutions to your problems given at the end of the case. 5. In case youre works in groups, make sure you read the case ALONE the first time. In fact, it would be nice to read it alone the second time too and sit with your team to read for the third time. Why am I saying this?Picture this Youve begun reading the case with your group fellows for the first time and youre only at second paragraph. One of your team members, who by the way, is a fast reader, reads the whole case and declares she knows what the problem is in the case the company didnt have enough funds What has she do? She has caused you and everyone else in the team to form an opinion about the case before even finishing it. There are lesser chances now that youll think in any other direction for example, maybe it was the lack of resources which was the major issue in the company.So, always read the case alone the first time when working in a team and save the discussion to be done in group. Up till now, youve learned the dos and donts of a solving case study. Remember, you still havent penned down the case. What youve done is that youve understood what the case is about and looked for the answers to the questions, if given. Here comes another very important tip There is never a right or wrong answer in a case study. It all matters on the way you present your case and the supporting arguments you give to defend it. This is the stage where enters your writing skills.

Job Satisfaction in Hospitality Industry Essay Example for Free

Job Satisfaction in Hospitality Industry EssayTurnover intention The purpose of this ingest is to investigate the antecedents (i. e. , role equivocalness and instruct? ct, burnout, en madnessuration, and hold out autonomy) and consequences (i. e. , affective and continuance commitment, absenteeism, and employee disorder intention) of employee bank line gladness. Data obtained from a sample of 671 respondents skeletal from 11 international tourist hotels in chinaware were analyzed with the LISREL program. According to the results, role con? ict, burnout, socialization, and convey autonomy, but not role ambiguity, signi? deliverly predicted think over satisfaction. In addition, contemplate satisfaction signi? cantly contributed to psychological outcomes in hurt of make-upal effectiveness (i. . , greater affective and continuance commitment and lower employee perturbation intentions). ? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. establishment 1. 1. Background In the competitive and people-oriented business environment characterizing the modern hospitality industry, frontline employee performance represents a significant comp championnt of service. Better employee performance yields greater guest satisfaction and loyalty. Moreover, frontline employees in the hospitality industry take care to be underpaid and to suffer craft- cogitate sieve (Weatherly and Tansik, 1993 Karatepe and Sokmen, 2006).An appropriate quality of service includes employee attitudes and behaviors that meet customer expectations. Consequently, employee avocation satisfaction is a necessary contributor to meeting such expectations (Rust et al. , 1996 Kim et al. , 2005 Karatepe and Sokmen, 2006). The books on moving in satisfaction covers an capacious territory with ambiguous boundaries, apparently as a result of the growing interest of academic researchers and managers in three perspectives on this domain. The ? rst views furrow satisfaction as an antecedent of organizational outcomes, e. g. business performance (Iffaldano and Muchinski, 1985 Schyns and Croon, 2006), employee turnover rate (Williams and Hazer, 1986 Griffeth et al. , 2000 run for et al. , 2001a,b Martin, 2004 Silva, 2006 Schyns and Croon, 2006), and organizational commitment (Chatman, 1989, 1991 Chatman and Barsade, 1995 Harris and Mossholder, 1996 Lowry et al. , 2002 Lam and Zhang, 2003 Martin, 2004 Taris et al. , 2005 Li, 2006 Silva, 2006). The second treats job satisfaction as an outcome of organizational conditions, e. g. , leadership (Williams and Hazer, 1986 Schriesheim et al. 1992 Podsakoff et al. , 1996 Sparks and Schenk, 2001 Schyns and Croon, 2006), social support (Frone, 2000 Liden et al. , 2000 Schirmer and Lopez, 2001 Schyns and Croon, 2006), and task characteristics (Seers and Graen, 1984 Williams and Hazer, 1986 Stepina et al. , 1991 Dodd and Ganster, 1996 Schyns and Croon, 2006). The third examines job satisfaction in foothold of the inclination of emplo yees, which is affected by soulfulness traits (Judge et al. , 1998, 2000 Dormann and Zapf, 2001 Judge and Bono, 2001 Schyns and Croon, 2006). 1. 2. foregoing studies of job satisfaction in hospitality Previous studies on the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry have examined antecedents in ground of man-to-man, organizational, and job-related factors. Much of the literature regarding undivided factors in the hospitality industry has identi? ed salary, bene? ts, and marital status as contributors to employee turnover (Iverson and Deery, 1997 Pizam and Thornburg, 2000). For Chinese managers, job satisfaction was affected by the work environment, the nature of the job itself, and the rewards associated ith the job, but not by manager characteristics (Lam et al. , 2001a,b). Rewards, particularly those related to job security, emerged as an in? uential factor relating to job satisfaction. This study as well as indicated that high trains of job sati sfaction resulted in low levels of turnover intentions among managers. Aziz et al. (2007) studied fast food restaurants and base that satisfaction with ? nancial rewards minimized absenteeism and hence turnover rates. Martin (2004) and Silva (2006) applied a psychological perspective to a sample drawn from the hotel industry, using a correlation analysis to identify signi? ant alliances among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employee turnover, and ainity traits. Carbery et al. (2003) applied a hierarchical regression analysis to a sample of 89 hoteliers and showed that undivided affective * Tel. +886 935 927 138 fax +886 7 238 3553. E-mail address emailprotected Nkhc. Edu. Tw. 0278-4319/$ see front matter ? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. inside10. 1016/j. ijhm. 2009. 11. 002 610 J. -T. Yang / International ledger of Hospitality Management 29 (2010) 609619 commitment accounted for a signi? ant amount of divergence in turnover intentions, that job satisfac tion did not explain managers levels of commitment to a signi? cant conclusion, and that job satisfaction and affective, but not continuance, commitment were important factors in predicting the turnover intentions of employees. These ? ndings were also echoed by Iverson and Deery (1997). Second, at the organizational level, organizational support and socialization have been identi? ed as crucial factors in? uencing individual behavior. Cho et al. (2009) existential study demonstrated that perceived organizational support and commitment negatively in? enced individual intentions to pass, but only the former positively affected intentions to stay. Young and Lundberg (1996) proposed that organizational socialization signi? cantly contributed to newcomers job performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and hence to their intentions about leaving the organization. The study indicated that role ambiguity, role con? ict, and job burnout could be minimized by wellorganiz ed orientation and discipline programs during the early stage of employment, and that this climb up would increase the level of job satisfaction.A similar study also showed that socialization dif? culties negatively affected the organizational subtlety with respect to employee turnover (Iverson and Deery, 1997). Tepeci and Bartletts (2002) falsifiable study went one step further, implying that organizational socialization resulted in increased job satisfaction and intentions to remain in an organization. Subramaniam et al. (2002) empirically showed direct and positive relationships among variables measuring decentralized structures and organizational commitment among managers.Lam and Zhang (2003) surveyed 203 employees in the Hong Kong fast-food industry about their jobs. A ternary regression model showed that organizational commitment was jibe with and predicted by variables re? ecting training and development, job characteristics (including the extent to which a job is chal lenging, the sense of accomplishment associated with the job, the meaningfulness of the work, the friendliness of co-workers, and job security) and compensation and fairness. Job satisfaction was correlated with the ? st two factors. Subramaniam et al. (2002) found a direct and positive relationship between variables measuring managers needs for movement and their organizational commitment to and use of a participatory budgeting process. Lowry et al. (2002), drawing on a sample of 454 employees running(a) in registered clubs in Australia, show that job satisfaction signi? cantly affected organizational commitment and that formal training plans as well as empowerment and ? exible work hours were dominant factors in? uencing job satisfaction.Iverson and Deery (1997) and Silva (2006) presented empirical results showing that organizational commitment was connected with employee turnover, as mediated by job satisfaction. Kim et al. (2005) re? ned the same statistical relationship by a pplying structural equation modeling. Manageable levels of job tenor should have a certain number of positive effects on individual and/or organizational behaviors. The most signi? cant empirical studies in this regard were conducted by Faulkner and Patiar (1997) and Iverson and Deery (1997).Zohar (1994) and Brymer et al. (1991) claimed that stress included three aspects of role con? ict and ambiguity workload, decision latitude, and psychological stress. Faulkner and Patiar (1997) identi? ed ? ve sources of the job stress suffered by front-of? ce employees coping with of? ce politics, traffic with ambiguous situations, inadequate guidance from superiors, under-promotion, and staff shortages (p. 110). This empirical study implied that these ? ve stressors should be eliminated to stimulate individual accommodative behaviors.Recent research conducted by Karatepe and Uludag (2007) with employees of Northern Cyprus hotels found that workfamily con? ict did not signi? cantly contribu te to job satisfaction or intentions to leave an organization. Karatepe et al. (2006a,b) and Kim et al. (2009) found that role con? ict and ambiguity were signi? cantly associated with job satisfaction, given finish up as a mediating variable. The study conducted by Kim et al. (2007) implied that job burnout might increase rates of employee turnover. Employee turnover constitutes a critical issue for many hoteliers and academics.Some hoteliers view turnover as a part of the agriculture of the hospitality industry as a whole (i. e. , a so-called turnover culture). Hotel operations in Taiwan are also characterized by this sort of culture (Yang, 2008). Recent studies of the hotel industry in Taiwan conducted by Yang (2008) demonstrated that organizational socialization contributed to job satisfaction and commitment and minimized newcomer turnover intention. This study, applying a multiple regression analysis, showed that job satisfaction affected affective commitment and hence in? en ced turnover intentions. Yang (2009) indicated that newcomers enjoyed observing and reading job-related information to learn how to perform tasks, implying that organizational socialization and job stress were correlated with job satisfaction. 1. 3. Justi? cation for and contribution of the study Although many empirical studies have focused on issues related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee turnover, many unanswered questions about the nature of job satisfaction seem to remain. wizard such unanswered question concerns the importance of different job factors, such as role stress and job burnout, in determining satisfaction. This empirical study attempts to explore the relationships among several components of the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction. The main impetus for conducting this comprehensive and holistic study derived from the need to narrow three theoretical gaps. First, although prior studies have revealed the relationship between a ntecedents (i. e. , role stress, socialization, and burnout) and consequences (i. e. organizational commitment and employee intentions to leave an organization) and job satisfaction, few studies have investigated the interactive effects of these variables within the context of a more inclusive model. Second, a great deal of the literature in the hospitality and tourism ? eld shows a strong relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but few studies have examined this relationship by distinguishing affective from continuance commitment. Third, no empirical licence about whether absenteeism mediates between organizational commitment and intention to leave has been presented.This study will contribute to a growing body of research on job satisfaction that illustrates the need to adopt a multi- facetted approach to the study of employee turnover intentions. It will also demonstrate the importance of considering not only the effects of job characteristics on job satisfaction, but also the effects of job satisfaction on organizational commitment, absenteeism, and turnover intention. 1. 4. Purpose of the study The study focuses on interactions among employees in hotels in Taiwan and empirically examines the effectiveness of an integrated understanding of applied psychology that includes organizational socialization.The purpose of this research is to explore (1) the effect of role stress, burnout, socialization, and work autonomy on job satisfaction and (2) the situational relationships among job satisfaction, individual commitment to organizations, absenteeism, and employee turnover intentions. 2. Hypotheses development This study aims to recast our perspective on job satisfaction by applying organizational theories pertaining to job stress, burnout, J. -T. Yang / International Journal of Hospitality Management 29 (2010) 609619 611 socialization, and work autonomy.These factors contribute to job satisfaction, and hence to organizational eff ectiveness, in terms of organizational commitment, absenteeism, and employee turnover intentions. 2. 1. Job satisfaction Job satisfaction can be viewed as the delightful emotional adduce resulting from the appraisal of ones job as achieving or facilitating the achievement of ones job values (Locke, 1969, p. 316). Early comprehensive empirical research conducted by Porter and Steers (1973) and Muchinsky and Tuttle (1979) showed a negative relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover intentions. Some studies (e. g. , Steers, 1977 Wanous et al. 1984 Lo and Lam, 2002) have found a signi? cant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Williams and Hazer (1986) demonstrated that job satisfaction could be predicted by pre-employment expectations, perceived job characteristics, leadership considerations, and age. Job satisfaction signi? cantly and positively contributed to the outcomes of organizational commitment, which lessen employees intentio ns to leave and subsequently resulted in decreased turnover. Recent research on the restaurant industry conducted by Lam et al. (2001a,b) reported that the relationship between job satisfaction and job tenure ? a U-shaped model. When people entered an organization and/or job, job satisfaction decreased when job expectations were not met. At times, reality shock (Hughes, 1958) occurred. by and by such an see, employees adjusted their expectations according to the reality of the job. During the course of this transition, job satisfaction increased when jobrelated expectations were reached. Raytons (2006) empirical research revealed that perceived levels of job reutilization and higher levels of work involvement, conciliate satisfaction, managerial support, and career opportunities were signi? ant determinants of employee job satisfaction. 2. 2. Role stress All employees, from senior managers to frontline personnel, can suffer from job stress (Ross, 1997). Human resources managers f ace a great challenge in attempting to ameliorate employee job stressors (nongovernmental organization et al. , 2005). Ngo et al. (2005) characterized role stressors in terms of role ambiguity, role con? ict, role overload, and workfamily con? ict. These stressors can lead to such personal reactions as employee burnout, job dissatisfaction, and intentions to leave an organization.According to Karatepe and Sokmen (2006), role con? ict refers to situations characterized by incompatible demands in which employees flavor obliged to attend to different individuals (e. g. , managers, colleagues, and customers) simultaneously on the other hand, role ambiguity also refers to the experience of not having (or receiving) the information necessary for pursuing jobrelated tasks in the workplace. Much relevant research (e. g. , Brown and Peterson, 1993 Almer and Kaplan, 2002 Perrewe et al. , 2002 Siu et al. , 2002 Firth et al. , 2004 Ngo et al. 2005 Karatepe and Sokmen, 2006) has empirically con ? rmed the association of a variety of work stressors, including role ambiguity and role con? ict, with lower job satisfaction, increased job-associated tension and anxiety, less affective commitment, lower work involvement, and poor job performance (Sohi, 1996 Karatepe and Sokmen, 2006), leading to intentions to resign. Accordingly, the following hypotheses are proposed speculation 1. Role ambiguity negatively affects job satisfaction. Hypothesis 2. Role con? ict negatively affects job satisfaction. 2. 3. Burnout Gill et al. (2006) de? ed burnout as a syndrome or state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, as well as cynicism towards ones work in response to degenerative organizational stressors (p. 471). Pienaar and Willemse (2008) demonstrated that burnout might be caused by unfair pay systems, imbalance between pay and work-related effort, and lack of organizational support, career advancement, and recognition by superiors. In addition, frontline hospitality employees sometimes encounter dif? cult interactions with demanding customers, and such experiences can also lead to emotional exhaustion and/or psychological burnout. Many empirical studies (e. . , Leiter and Maslach, 1988 Firth and Britton, 1989 Cordes and Dougherty, 1993 Turnipseed, 1994 Wright and Bonett, 1997 Etzion et al. , 1998 Maslach and Goldberg, 1998 Van Dierendonck et al. , 1998 Gillespie et al. , 2001 Hsieh and Chao, 2004 Gill et al. , 2006 Pienaar and Willemse, 2008) have reported that burnout results in additional negative effects on individuals, including reduced satisfaction and lower levels of productivity. Burnout also impacts the organization and management by eliciting employee mistrust and discouraging teamwork. Thus, the following opening is proposed Hypothesis 3.Burnout negatively affects job satisfaction. 2. 4. Socialization Louis (1980) de? ned socialization as a process by which an individual comes to appreciate the values, abilities, expected behaviors, and socia l knowledge essential for assuming an organizational role and for participating as an organizational member (pp. 229230). Socialization aims to alleviate the feeling of emotional vulnerability (e. g. , job uncertainty, ambiguity, anxiety, and stress) by beef up the social interactions between newcomers and colleagues to accelerate newcomers learning and adjustment to a new environment (Kennedy and Berger, 1994).

Language of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Example for Free

Language of Abigails Party Emily Huntley EssayMike Leigh affaird to be ane of a kind, famous for creating movies through and through an unusual process that involves extensive rehearsals and improvisations with his actors a process that begins weeks before some(prenominal)one picks up a camera. In separately of his plays, he has depicted the often-uneventful lives of ordinary lot. The results are al right smarts far from conventional. And it is through his success that many directors are now using his techniques to capture the texture of everyday life.Leigh achieves this commonness in the majority through his linguistic process, although the whole play is based on naturalism, he uses this technique to capture the kernel of each cites persona. I say this technique is particularly successful, as the earshot finds it easy to relate themselves to the flush unravelling before them, and manage to put themselves in the situations of the characters.LawrenceMy head start impr ession of Lawrence was that he was an well- improve, cultured man, who was hardly a good social mixer just this is the aim of Leigh. He needed the audience to believe the reverse gear of Lawrence and then have their thoughts dashed. In a way I believe that this makes the audience spirit undefended as if theyve been deceived and they then watchk comfort in one of the other characters which seem simple and dear and then they find themselves delving into the play further.Lawrence speaks in a polite and precise manner Ah, yes-now, when would you be best(p) for you? No, no, Ill fall in with you, Mrs Cushing. (Page 2) this enforces the idea of him being a well brought up man and hopefully in his eyes achieving the idea that his guests consider him of a high social class. Leigh as well as used the language of the character Lawrence to make him persuasive and condescending, I dont only like Minis-I like lots of other cars. and I find the Mini economical, efficient and reliable. (Page 8) this is a good example of the rule of 3 a strong persuasive technique, this is how he enforces his ideas on others and appears so domineering and always seems to be right as no one has the courage to object. Generally Lawrences speech is direct and focused, he speaks when spoken to and rarely start ups a conversation, unless asking probing questions to prove his wealth and class over the other guests You have a car, do you? (Page 8).Although Lawrences vocabulary is relatively simple, he still uses this to his advantage by trying to better himself and prove his supposedly higher social status Macbeth. Part of our heritage. This also links to Lawrences frequent name dropping this is in an attempt to try and appear culturally educated, with references to Van Gogh Shakespeare Lowry etc.Lawrence also frequently uses questions in his dialect, this is to distract guests from a previous topic that may be a bit uncomfortable for him, and so that he feels as though he is re principa l(prenominal)ing control, he can choose what subject to initiate a conversation with Youve got footballers legs, though, havent you? Talking of Paris, Sue, do you like art?Another technique Leigh used in Lawrences character, are put- rectifys. This is achieved by the use of rhetorical questions. What would you know about taste? (Page 48). And also by repetition of the persons name who hes talking to. Ive seen to the drinks, give thanks you, Beverly (Page 42), in this is example it is used as a put down to remind Beverly to look around and compose herself.Throughout the play, Leigh rarely uses poetic language or imagery, with a couple of(prenominal) metaphors and no symbolism. Lawrence is a prime example of this as he is a simple dialect character.BeverlyWhen I initially read the play, I thought the whole plot pivoted around Beverly and how bad a stewardess she was. I later found this not to be true. After seeing the play I realized that Beverly is actually a very good host, th is is proved when she leaves the room, and the conversation withers. She also dominates the play, with her monologues, and comical mickey taking of Lawrence.In Abigails Party Beverly is the only character to frequently swear with no apparent acknowledgement for her guests. Oh greensward off Lawrence (Page 49). This although may be offensive to some, shows the extreme contrast between the nouveaux riches and the true affection class, such as Sue.Throughout the play Beverly uses a patronising tone, but I feel this isnt a condescending technique, but quite a being as well as honest Please dont be offended when I say this, but, youre wearing a very pretty dress, If I may say so now, you see that pink ribbon down the front? If youd chosen, Ang, a colour slightly nearer that pink, I think it would have blended to a greater extent with your skin tones (Page 10). In this example, I feel that she is trying to make Ang feel better in herself. Although this does prove how materialistic Bev is as she thinks that making yourself look better solves all problems.Beverly babbles incessantly, is garrulous, and uses a lot of personal anecdotes in her dialect. Now my bloke had told me to turn left, right? Now we come to the first give way, and the bloke in front slammed his brakes on. Now, Im way out behind him and I suppose Im going a little bit too quick with me nerves so I slam on my brakes and I went slap into the back of him. (Page 9). This is a clear example of Beverlys long and complex sentences, although she also uses curtly simple sentences Lawrence youre going to get heartburn (Page 2). Beverly is also very colloquial in the way that she speaks, and this makes it easier for the audience to familiarise themselves with her.Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also name drops to appear culturally educated Beaujolais (Page 11) although from the quote Oh its Beaujolais. raging Wont be a sec, Ill just pop it in the fridge.(Page 11) You can tell that Bev clear has no idea about wine etc. like we originally thought.Generally speaking Beverly is the main character to initiate conversation, she keeps everyone involved and the conversation flowing. She also reiterates a lot to confirm and seek approval, federal agency and affirmation.Beverly has a few peculiarities of speech, including the adjectives Great and Fantastic. These are character phrases enable the audience to link these certain run-in to her, and expect them, I feel this makes the audience feel much at ease with Bev, or simply more irritated by her.Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also never uses imagery, symbolism, metaphors or poetic language. But unsurprisingly for her character there are frequent sexual innuendoes Hes got a firm handshake, hasnt he? (Page 5) Tone, you cant do much(prenominal) with a bed-head, can you? (Page 7).AngelaAs a person, Ang is a simple and satisfied working class newly wed.Her sentences can be long, but this is purely due to her rambling and not knowing when t o stop. Oh, what a amiable table. This is just what we need. Its the next thing were going to get. Cos at the moment were eating off our knees. Its unusual, isnt it with the woody top and modern legs. (Page 22) Her conversation seems to be pretty pointless as she doesnt seem to have anything of any value to add to the discussion. But equivalently to Bev she also includes simple sentences to make her dialect feel more naturalistic.When comparing the characters I think it is possible to state that Ang is the some colloquial of all of them, as she is about informal, and although her grammar is a little shakey it seems to be easier for the audience to accept her on face value as she is too honest and genuine to be hiding anything.Ang uses questions to seek assurance, and also to encourage people to engage with her, as it provokes a response. Isnt she?Ang uses personal anecdotes to inform the audience of her character, although the comic element that Leigh included was how she seem s completely oblivious to her boundaries, and therefore makes herself look foolish. Tony had a bad experience in an Indian restaurant this was before I knew himHe had a nasty dose of gastro-enteritis after hed had a curry, and you see that put him off. (Page 25). This medical reference shows hoe educated she is and reflects her job as a nurse.I feel it is the fact that Ang is too blunt and open to use any form of innuendoes, or symbolism, that makes it so easy for the audience to accept her.TonyTony is a very reserved character he rarely uses full sentences, but rather one-word replies, this makes him appear constrained and unnatural which is wherefore I believe it is not so surprising when he raises his voice at Ang as the audience can see the tension building inside him. He never initiates conversation, as that would mean replies to more questions. He often uses slang, or colloquial language top ta. Leigh also included various authoritative or instructive verbs leave it stand up turn that fucking record off (Page 51), but these are only ever commanded at Ang, and explains why the audience and guests never agree with Ang when she seems to find him domineering. Tonys learning ability seems to be very dry in that he finds his own things funny, rather than sharing a world-wide joke. Tony is the only character to use silence as a defence and attack mechanism. As weve seen with Bev and Lawrence theyd rather shout at each other to resolve problems. Tony uses silence to create a tension and most often with Ang and therefore making her look stupid, in front of their company, clearly showing an imbalance in their relationship.SueIt is clear from the beginning of the play that Sue is of the highest social class in the group. Originally I though Sue was a well brought up and highly well mannered person, but when examine the play I realised the opposite. I felt that Sue is very rude and off-putting to the people around her as she has a lack of curiosity, she doesn t seem to show any interest in them and clearly doesnt want them to show any in her. She only speaks when spoken to, and never repays the question. When she does answer questions its always unexpansive, short clipt one-word answers Yes. It is clear from her dialect that she is uncomfortable and intimidated by the other characters. Her language is very unnatural and similar to that of a guide book.Her vocabulary is old fashioned, formal, and grammar school style. Darent Arent. Otherwise its quite simple and easily dumb so it doesnt require any explanations. She never uses colloquial or slang vocabulary.She rarely uses questions in her intercourse as this would initiate conversation. She keeps herself to herself and doesnt want to probe or get involved into either of the troublesome marriages in front of her.Her character phrases seem to be reliant on her politeness Yes please No thank you. It is possible to say that she is trapped by her own politeness, She doesnt have the nerve to leave the party, which she clearly doesnt want to be at.Throughout the play she remains completely unassertive right until the end when her guard drops, and she tells Bev to closed in(p) up (Page 53).Language is a key tool that all playwrights use to distinguish the differences and similarities between each of the characters. The character phrases and accents help the audience to realise the different backgrounds and diversity of the characters. Contributing to the visual aspects, lines give a sense of place and person and how the characters interact with one another.