Summery - `The Living Conditions of Chittagong University Essay Example for Free

Summery `The Living Conditions of Chittagong University Essay The Impact of residential life influences personal, academic, emotional and spiritual growth, development and adjustment of a student. Much research has documented how residential environment affects the development of students. Brilliantes, Aga and others have shown in their study The Living Conditions of university Students In Boarding Houses and Dormitories In Davao City, Philippines that the facllltles and the environment of students dormitories significantly Influence their well-being holistically. (Brilliantes ; Aga: 2012). Maya Brennan claimed In one of her research hat affordable (reasonable) housing developments may function as a platform for educational Improvement by provldlng a forum (Opportunity) for residential-based after school program. (Brennan: 20111. Shaikh and Deschamps elicited that Student living in university residences experience frail (Weak/ in poor health) living conditions, being away from their homes and families, the stress (Pressure) of studies, a bizarre (Irregular) routine, and absence of readily (Willingly) available guidance. This condition derictly related with overall well-being of the students of a University. (Shaik ; Deschamps: 2006). Significant number of works on this topic previously done worldwide beside above mentioned studies. In particular, according to Barger ; Lynch, A series of studies undertaken at the university of Florida in Gainesville by Alsobrook (1962), Carter (1966), Clark (1 963), Decoster (1970), Lynch (1970). MacDonald (1968), Musselman (1967), Ridge (1968) and Stormer (1971) highlighted the impact of the mix of student characteristics and the effectiveness of leadership on the quality of life that develops in the residence hall. (Barger ; Lynch: 1973) But in Bangladesh, study regarding living condition of university students and how esidential environment affect students well-being is beyond our minds eye, because of the unavailability of such kinds of work. A study has been conducted on Quality of Education and Campus Violence under FREPD (Foundation for Research on Educational Planning and Development. The team of this research explored how campus violence affects quality of education of a student. (Ahmed: 2000). So, we find lack of priority in research on quality study of university environment especially how students lead their lives In university arena. In this point of view and with the onsideration of above discussion, It Is more contextual to study on the llvlng condition of university students and their hollstlc welfare depends on residential environment. Summery The Living Conditions of Chittagong University Students in Halls and Cottages . By miahhanif The impact of residential life influences personal, academic, emotional and spiritual and others have shown in their study The Living Conditions of University Students in Boarding Houses and Dormitories in Davao City, Philippines that the facilities and the environment of students dormitories significantly influence their well-being olistically. (Brilliantes ; Aga: 2012).

Evolving Logistics Strategies For Molson Coors Business Essay

Evolving Logistics Strategies For Molson Coors Business Essay The continuous wave of globalisation of businesses has consistently led to increasing attention on logistics. This volume of attention is attributable to the massive roles that logistics plays in differentiating businesses and creating competitive advantages in the present global marketplace, tasking formidable managers to evolve rugged strategies that would measure up to the rapid changes and challenges that characterize the current global business landscape. Chow, Heaver and Henriksson (1994) offered a general definition of logistic as the planning, execution and control of the procurement, movement and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. However for the purpose of this paper that intends to study and report logistics management strategies, a more focused definition that bothers on the management aspect of logistics will be appropriate. According to the Council of Logistic Management (2009), logistic is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. In corporate organizations, logistics strategies are created to specifically define the very service levels where its logistics organization is at its most cost effective (Fawcett, 1991). Due to the rapid and constant changing of supply chains, companies may develop multiple logistic strategies for particular product lines, particular countries and/or particular customers. This underscores the importance of developing logistics strategies, as companies ability to adapt to the flexibilities of supply change would enable organizations to identify the impact of imminent changes and make functional adjustments to ensure that service levels are not reduced, as this provides differentiating advantages. Globally, the brewing industry is prominent among the industries that employ the best of minds to manage its operational activities, as logistics, stands out as one of the main challenges of the industry. A brewing firm that intends to remain in business must have formidable logistics management strategies in place that would help ensure that the company continues to get its products to its teeming customers on time therefore, preempting and overcoming the hiccups that occasionally impede the service levels and creates gaps in customer service. This paper shall research and analyze the logistic operations and position of one of the top brewing companies based in the United Kingdom; Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. An evaluation of the key strategic approaches to logistics of the company will be done and management issues that arise with the implementation of new logistics strategy in respect of capital, technical and human resources will be examined. Lastly, an outline of the strategic significance of technological development and business trends on future logistics strategies for beer companies will be made. However, before we delve into the depth of the itemized navigations of this paper, let have a feel of the basics of the company. The Company: Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. The corporate journey of what is now known and referred to as Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited started as far back as 1744 with the brewing skill and vision of one man, William Worthington (http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/companyhistory/index.html.) who began the brewing business in Burton-on-Trent in UK (regarded as the spiritual home of brewing). The company went through quite a number of metamorphoses that bothers on ownership, markets and structure before finally recently changing its name from Coors Brewers Limited to the present name in the year 2009. The company who shares its history and ownership with Molson Coors Brewing Company in the United States is presently one of the largest brewers in the world. The company remains a leading brewer in the U.K, U.S and Canada with a combined annual beer volume of over 48 million hectolitres which invariably translate into high net sales of more than US$5.6 billion (http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/structure.html). The major brands of the company include Carling Mainstream British Lager, Carling C2 Mid-Strength British lager, Carling Premier, Coors Light US Premium, Grolsch Dutch Premium and so on. The Company have six strategic locations in the UK; Burton-on-Trends, Staffordshire, Alton, Hampshire, Tadcaster, Leeds, Cardiff and Livingston. The strategic vision of the company is simply to be the number one brewer in the United Kingdom. In order for this vision to be accomplished, the companys business strategies are entrenched in its brands and human resources. In terms of its brands, the company intends to build portfolios of tomorrow while engaging right people, right way. It holds its values in integrity, quality, excelling, passion and creativity. As part of the mandate that informs this study, this report will seek to contribute to the realisation of the vision of the company from the logistics perspectives in the following sections. Strategic Position of Molson Coors Brewing Company: Logistics Perspective The early part of this report stressed the need for businesses to deploy formidable strategies that would ensure the sustainability of appreciable service quality within the rapidly changing global business climate. This section will attempt to examine the logistics strategic position of Molson Coors using the SWOT analysis that would x-ray both the internal and external factors affecting the logistics management of the company within the view of the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the company in its logistics operations. Strengths: Of high importance in the strengths of Molson Coors is the highly integrated divisional structure that exists between its finance, human capital, procurement and technology departments. These core activities form the backbone of its operations and support all the facets of the companys business. In the technology aspect, the company is deploying SAP while the procurement is making use of the VIPER program. This program is designed to consolidate vendors, and this will enable the company to control more leverage and reduce cost. Also, the company has competitive strengths in primary supply, production activities particularly inbound logistics and operations. The companys strength in inbound logistics includes long-term supplier relationships, supplier training, strategic sourcing and the VIPER program. In respect of its operations, Molson Coors has great capacity in waste minimization, cold filtering process and quality controls, joint venture relationships and close logist ics to packaging facilities and high economies of scale. Weaknesses: One of the key weaknesses of Molson Coors is its recent attempt to extend its SAP system to its supply chain. This extension was not well executed and it had a high negative impact on the companys financials. Meanwhile, the company has not been performing well financially as it attribute this poor financial condition to the harsh market condition in the United Kingdom. It recorded a decline of 46% in the second quarter of its financial year. Also, the management style of the company which is structure in the top-down format is another major weakness of the company as this impedes the power to innovate and move forward since the company is largely controlled by the Coors family that holds the voting stock in the company. Opportunities: The harsh economic conditions in the United Kingdom has simmered down towards the last two quarters of the year 2009, this leaves the year 2010 to be very promising for market consolidation. In order to take advantage of this opportunity, the company plans to boost its marketing spending in 2010 by GBP8.1M (Just-Drink.Com, 2010). Research has also shown that the proliferations of microbrewers are driving consumers with the urge to try different types of beers than the staunch brand following that used to subsist (Market and Research, 2009). This gives room for market expansion that Molson Coors can take advantage of. In respect of the available opportunities that Molson Coors can seize to develop its existing logistics; there are opportunities to drive off inefficiencies in the face of modern technologies that would also ensure the reduction of production wastes and other forms of wastes as constituted in the seven waste (Harrison and Hoek, 2008). Also, its SAP application will help to provide more efficient customer service, effective data management that would engender planning and a productive information system. In addition, the limited influences that suppliers have over this industry holds lots of opportunities for Molson Coors. Threats: Same way as great opportunities existed for Molson Coors in terms of market expansion in the face of consumers trying different brands, so do their competitors also have some advantage to wrestles consumers from Molson Coors. The brewing industry is an industry with a very high rivalry, therefore, Molson Coors has a constant market threat in its business operation. Due to the high level of competition in the industry and the great varieties of beer that exist, coupled with the availability of substitutes, buyers maintain large power in the market while the brewers power to influence pricing is minimal. Key Strategic Approaches to Logistics Management of Molson Coors The importance of theories in management and other fields of study cannot be overemphasized, as they help to guide our actions by providing assumptions which we consider before making our decisions. There are four theories of strategy whose approaches may be used by the logistics management of Molson Coors Brewing Company though at varying degrees, and depending on the situation on ground. The reason for the adoption of the four theories lies in the fact that no single theory is adequate to provide a one medicine fits all approach to both management and all fields of study. A consideration of varying theories eclectically most times provides better ways of understanding situations. Equally, company adopts multiple logistics strategies in order to withstand constant changes in supply chain, therefore this portends the use of different approaches as well. Classical approach to strategy: Molson Coors may be able to use this approach that holds that good planning is key to good anticipation and adaptability to market change. The theory proclaims that profitability is the ultimate goal in business and rational planning remains the effective means of reaching the goals (Whittington, 2001). From the organizational structure of Molson Coors, it appears that the management of the company gives credence to this approach as it employed the services of a strategic director, a supply chain director and two sales directors who are members of the top management team. Just as the Classical strategic thinking emphasised the importance of good managers as tools of profit maximising strategies through rational long-term planning, Molson Coors likewise has great confidence in the ability of its management staff to make the company achieve its set objectives as entrenched in the companys vision (see http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/ourmission.html). Evolutionary approach to strategy: As for the evolutionary approaches, markets are too tough, complicated and unpredictable to require heavy investment in strategic plans. The approach is less confident in the ability of managers to act and plan rationally. Rather the approach holds that market forces shall secure profits maximization and downplays the influence of the managers as it believes that whatever the strategy adopted by managers, only the best performers shall excel in the market (De Wit and Meyer, 2004). They would rather advise that strategists should keep their costs low and their options open. Though this may not entire fit into the arrangements at Molson Coors, however, the derivations from approach may also be considered by the company as the brewing industry is indeed an unpredictable one and Molson Coors have been expending quite a large sum on strategic activities that may not positively impact on the profitability of the company. This is evident from the financial s of the company in which the companys assets cannot take care of the companys liability. With the mean resources available at the disposal of the company, a good consideration of the evolutionary approach to strategy may be inevitable. Processual approaches to strategy: This approach also contests the detached approach of the Classical strategy, aligning rather on the assumption that effective strategies emerge directly from close participation in the daily operations and basic strengths of the company (Whittington, 2001). This approach is generally related to the beliefs of the evolutionary approach on rational strategy making but do not exhibit such confidence in the markets ensuring profit maximization. The approach hold that the combination of the organization and markets are often confusing concepts, which then lead to unclear strategies evolving. They then postulated that managers own their strategies and competitive advantages to the imperfections that exist between the organizations and the markets processes. In clear terms, the processual approach advises that organizations should abstain from striving after unattainable ideal of rational fluid action but should rather go with the global flow. Molson Coors , may also be able to consider this approach because of its emphasis on the market trends being the main determinants of business processes. However, this approach does not presently appear in the management planning of Molson Coors as they remain more devoted to the classical approach with some considerations from the evolutionary approach. Systemic perspectives on strategy: The main argument of the system approach on strategy is that strategies should evolve around sociology and must be appropriate to particular social context. The systemic approach asserts that there is no single best way to strategy, however, it holds that organization should just play by the rules. Unlike the evolutionary and processual approaches, the systemic approach has some faith in the capacity of the organization to plan and effectively act within its business environment, however, they separate from the Classical approach by not agreeing with the forms and ends of rationality as proposed by the Classists. Rather, the systemic argue that the rationale that underlines strategy should be embedded in the peculiar sociological context. This approach holds a lot of realities on ground for Molson Coors as the company need to examine the market realities and peculiarities of the environment that it operates in before making some strategic decisions. Since the company operates in three main countries; the US, Canada and UK, adopting a single strategy may mar the logistics growth of the organization. In particular, the tough business climate in the UK which adversely affected the brewing industry is a case in point. Having considered the suitability of the four basic approaches of strategy to the logistics management of Molson Coors, this paper submit that elements of the four strategic approaches should be considered to plan strategic approaches that would evolve around the peculiarities of the human resources, business environment and market forces that subsists within the brewing industry of the United Kingdom. Implementing logistics strategy at Molson Coors: Management issues arising Implementing change in organizations have never being an easy exercise in any part of the world right from the conception stage where decisions are made to effect change to the execution of such changes, resistances usually abound. Therefore, there would be some issues relating to the implementation of the new logistics strategy at Molson Coors or other organization for that matter. The way and manner that such issues are handled separates different organization and speak volumes on the capacity of organizations on change management as well as determine the success or positive impact of such implementation. Lets look in-depth into the management issues that arose at Molson Coors upon the implementation of new logistics strategy. Capital: The implementation of new logistics strategy will always impact on the available capital of organizations. Most times, decisions on the implementation of new strategy are usually taken with high consideration of the available capital of the organization. As highlighted in the evaluation of the current strategic position of Molson Coors, one of the weaknesses of the company is its inability to properly consider its available capital before planning and implementing new logistics strategy. For example its recent attempt to extend its SAP applications to its supply chain without adequate consideration of its available capital leading to a massive financial loss to the company and plunging the company into deep financial crisis. Also the company is on the verge of implementing a new logistics support service with its plan to expend  £8.5million on marketing in the year 2010. This will no doubt impact on the companys financials if adequate planning is not done. Another major lo gistics strategy issue that impacts on the available capital of Molson Coors is the implementation of the outsourcing of its supply chain which includes the warehousing, inventory and transportation of its products. This has assisted the financials of the company as it is able to save good value of capital (both human and financial resources) by the implementation of its outsourcing logistics strategy. This underscores the need for companies to always consider the available capital before implementing new logistics strategy. Technical: The successfully implementation of logistics strategy in any company has strong roots in the technical capacity of the company. This is because there are a lot of technologies involved in the new logistics operations of the brewing industry globally that require good management in order to optimize the benefits of such logistics strategy deployment. At Molson Coors, emphasis is laid on training as a means of integrating the human technical resources with the technologies deployed. Also, the capital resources is harmonized with the technical resources for the establishment of operational and manufacturing equipments that conforms with the set strategy put in place by the management for its workability. Human: Human resource issues in logistics strategy implementation remains the most daunting issue in the change management process as most times, executive staff and other employees are opposed to changes in organizational status quo. However, in order for human resource issue to be managed and with the huge believe of Molson Coors on its human resources as the vehicle that will bring about the actualisation of the companys vision, Molson Coors normally relocates and train staff to meet up with management decisions. However, it has a huge weakness in not involving the executive staff and other employees on decision-making process of logistics strategy issues. This portends great performance danger due to the top-down format of its organizational structure and the huge interfering influences of the family that holds the voting stock of the companys shares. Significance of new technology developments and future logistics strategies at Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. There is no unitary answer to the question of the significance that new technology developments would impact on the future logistics strategies of beer manufacturing companies as the peculiarities of the markets, company maturity and strategies would be factors that would shape the outlook. However, this section will highlight some of the significance of the emerging technology developments and business trends of future logistics strategies. Inbound and outbound logistics: There are many importances of the new developments of technology in the future logistics of Molson Coors that starts from the inbound and outbound logistics activities like improvement in the transportation services, material handling, material storage and other forms of communications. The emerging automation of the activities and processes aforementioned will enable the company to leverage on time and resources by evolving effective and efficient planning through forecasting and other strategic planning of its activities in other to eliminate wastages. The developments of technologies in this sense will lead to higher customer service and better logistics operation. Information system: One of the key areas where the developments in technology can significantly impact in the operations of Molson Coors in the information system of the operational activities of the company. In fact it is already a factor that has been shaping its logistics activities overtime. Molson Coors having recognised the significance of improved technology on the future market trends attempted to extend its SAP applications to its supply chain, though unsuccessful, however, part of what the future logistics strategy holds for the company is a reapplication of the integration which will massively help the company have a more effective supply chain as part of the companys present strengths lies in its qualitative information system. Operations technologies: The emerging technologies will also positively impact on the operations technologies of the brewing company. Activities that involves the processing, material handling, machine tools, packaging within the production section of the company is expected to be enhanced by the developing technology. Data Planning: The new technology is also expected to impact on the data planning aspect of the production of the company. Data is very important to the activities and processes of a brewing company hence the enhancement of the data planning by enabling technologies will positively influence at the tactical level to effectively plan production, forecast demand, develop products and process information. This will also add to the advantage of avoiding wastages and efficiently addressing customers needs as well as evolving good value chain activities. Conclusion and Recommendations Molson Coors, no doubt have a combination of product and business knowledge with appreciable logistics strategies for the company to be able to withstand the rapidly fluid beer industry and market. The company is blessed with good organizational structure that recognises the importance of strategic logistics in its business organization, though the decision making aspects on strategic changes are done without adequate consultation with the employees. This paper, having considered the results of the logistics strategies evaluation, concludes that the firm Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited are logistically endowed and positioned to survive in the UK business environment and proceed to the next level. However, the following recommendations that bother on the study conduct must be considered by the management. Though the company failed in its bid to align its SAP applications to its supply chain, however, this paper recommends a retrial of the process with due consultations with technological experts and technical employees of the company. The paper recommends a judicious consideration of the four basic approaches to strategy by the company in settling for its logistics strategy which will be evolving and market specific. Managers at the local level should be enabled and involved in the planning process and decision making on strategic issues. As presently constituted, there is no director administering the information technology and support of the company. This implies that the department is not given top priority in the company hierarchy. This should be corrected by considering the elevation of the department of ITS into one of the constituents of the companys directorship. If these recommendations are considered by the management of Molson Coors in addition to visiting the SWOT analysis conducted with the aim of strengthening the weaknesses, taking advantages of the opportunities, raising defences against the threats and consolidating the strengths of the organization, it is the believe of this paper that Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited will come out at the end of year 2010 a more formidable force in the brewing industry and even beyond.

The Age of Enlightenment Essay -- Enlightenment 2014

Science vs the Enlightenment vs Politics This essay argues that the Enlightenment is the most important concept among the three given in the title. The Age of Enlightenment was a period in early modern history when western societies, led by its intellectuals, made a marked shift from religion based authority to one of scientific reason. Prior to this period, the Church and the State were intricately interlinked; and the Enlightenment sought to sever states and politics from religion through the application of rational analysis based on scientific observation and facts. This movement traces its origins to the seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe. Similar undercurrents of progressive thought were seen in the New World as well, most notably from such intellectuals such as Tom Paine and other proponents of American independence (Porter & Teich, 1981). The Enlightenment has had a profound impact on the cultural evolution of Western Europe in particular and the whole of the continent in general. A landmark piece of scholarship that turned the tables in favor of scientific reason...

Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory With today's modern technology, we need to ensure that our computers are able to run quick and with ease. In order to run programs with speed, Individuals need to ensure that they have sufficient memory to allow for programs running. Computers come with memory, but sometimes It Is not enough to run what Is needed or wanted. One way to ensure speed Is to use virtual memory. Virtual memory can be described as memory that emulates RAM, and allows programs to run as though the computer has more memory than It actually does.This Is a great benefit for Individuals who are running various programs at one time. According to Mr.. Stallings, he wrote â€Å"virtual memory allows for very effective multiprogramming and relives the user of the unnecessarily tight constraints of main memory† (p. 343, 2012). Using virtual memory is a good choice to help run programs on your system. There are two approaches to providing virtual memory in a system. They are paging and segmentati on. Paging is dividing the processes into very small fixed pages. When pages are loaded a page table is created.Segmentation is for varying of sizes. When segments are loaded a table is created for this process. A benefit is that paging and segmentation can be combined in memory management. Some benefits of using virtual memory are freeing up your systems RAM, cheaper than buying more RAM, and using either an external hard drive or USB thumb drives also gives you space to use. Freeing up your system's RAM is easy to do by closing out programs you are not using at the moment. This frees up space to be used by a program you are needed at the moment.RAM on some systems is not overly priced depending on the type. Individuals can spend a lot of money on upgrading their RAM if they are not careful with what they really need for their system. Two examples of virtual memory are an external hard drive or a USB thumb drive. Either of these can be used in connection to your system to give virt ual memory. Trying to run many programs at one time can cause your RAM to be full, and then no other programs can be started until others are closed. This is beneficial if you receive an error message stating memory Is low. Inning virtual memory is an alternative to buying more RAM for your system also. Stallings wrote â€Å"the addresses a program may use to reference memory are distinguished from the addresses the memory system uses to Identify physical storage sites, and program-generated addresses are translated automatically to the corresponding machine address† (p. 341 , 2012). If an Individual wants to change the size of their virtual memory, they can on their system. They can right click on their computer Icon, and click on properties.Click on the advanced settings tab, look down or the performance part and click settings. Your system will show a recommended amount of virtual memory, but the person can change It to what they feel Is needed. This is something that can be changed at any time just in case someone tries running on what they think is needed for their system. When installing and running programs, everyone would like their system to run quick. Having the right amount of RAM and virtual memory can help your system run smoothly and efficiently.

Development in Malaysia Essay

As Malaysia had experienced an extraordinary economic growth in the last 3 decades is has brought high standards of living for the majority of the people. The people in Kuala Lumpur and major tourist destinations can now enjoy a quality of living which is very similar to developed countries. While Malaysia has done extremely well in some areas there are still challenges that the Government is lacking in delivering healthcare and education to all. In Sarawak and Sabah for example, ethnic minorities are situated in distant areas of Borneo’s rainforest where mountains and rivers are dividing villages from schools and modern services. It is tough for the families who live in these villages as not everyone is able to access the benefits of modernisation. The wealthiest 20% of Malaysians control 53. 8% of the wealth whereas the poorest 20% of the population controls only 4. 5 percent of wealth. Once the country started to modernise, Malaysians living in urban areas has increased from 27% in1970 to 62% in 2000. Forms of poverty started to appear; both urban and rural. After the time of the independence, Malays had migrated to the cities. Arguably, the monthly income is not enough to be able to support a family of four to meet their needs. Roughly quarter of the population could not afford to live in descent accommodations and had to live in squatter settlements as it is more affordable. A poverty reduction programme was introduced, where the poverty line had decreased from 7. 7 % in 1999 to 5. 1% in 2002. This shows a positive reduction. Elderly and disabled people got the opportunity to receive welfare support from the government. In Malaysia, the poverty rate shrank from slightly over half of the population in 1973 to 7. 8 percent in 1995. This means that if poverty reduction continues at the same rate, by 2003, there would be no one left below the poverty line of $2 international dollars a day. This is mainly because the government is trying to increase expenditure on major anti-poverty programs to protect real spending per individual, specially targeting the expenditure for small-scale loans and income generated activities for the poorest in rural areas as well as improvements in welfare programs. Apart of that, the government also spent safety nets for the newly poor through urban micro-credit programs and provision of special skills training for unskilled workers. This progress in poverty reduction measured in income terms is mirrored by improvements in social indicators. Malaysia’s achievements in increasing life expectancy (2003: 70. 6 years for male and 75. 5 years for female) are particularly impressive. Conclusion / Recommendations Monitoring of the gender and development – Since 1988 Malaysia has been experiencing an economic boom. The high growth of the economy was achieved with almost full employment. This strong performance in growth has resulted in basic structural changes in the economy. Ever since the experience of the economic boom, there have been changes in the roles of employment. From the above data, it is evident that there are significant increases in the participation of women in the manufacturing sector and the work force as a whole. Analysis of the of the many positive changes in the improvement of women’s health has lead to a greater amount of children with more access to education across all levels. Now that shortage of labour has increased. It gives a stronger possibility for women who are unpaid to move to paid labour. With the greater amount of job opportunities and demands for both skilled men and women in the manufacturing sector. Moreover with a wider range of availability this strengthens the workforce which helps build a stronger economy providing more employment and attracting foreign investments. As works with the Government and United Nations have been put into place for introducing new projects and programmes that look at decreasing gender inequality. This positive strategy will raise awareness of the situation and allow advancement of women to take place in the future and result in better educated women reflecting into a more economically productive community. One of the most essential factors for the empowerment of women has been education. As today, there are more females than males in the institutions of higher learning education. However, further studies should be put in place to identify problems and solution, for maintaining this industrial growth. They should implement the role of sharing experiences, with one another through bottom-up development and having expertise to keep strengthening the environment and success of the many efforts that have contributed into helping Malaysia The Government should be concerned with financial support. The greater focus on financial support would allow them to invest in equipment, technology and/or research and development. I suppose it is also important to have enough resources provided for the equality of gender and eventually, continuing to regularly update the progress of the gender financing situation which could have a positive effect for Malaysia in the long run. If the government continues to enhance efforts, to further improve the status of women, then this might enable them to reach their full potential as they are likely to have more belief in themselves resulting in more opportunities of them being included in the process of policies and/or programmes. Bibliography http://www. state. gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100527. htm http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. htmlhttp://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. html http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_mdgs_malaysia. html http://genderindex. org/country/malaysia http://www. unescap. org/huset/women/reports/malaysia. pdf http://thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2008/8/2/business/21954384&sec=business – http://www. kuala-lumpur. ws/culture-traditions/ http://www. wao. org. my/news/20010301statusreport. htm#Government.

Careers In Early Childhood Education Essay

Part AFredrick Frobel believed that children learn when they are lively and free. He also believed that children’s education should be based on their interests and their active involvement. An activity using Frobel’s’ parquet gifts for 3 – 5 year olds would need to be simple enough that they would be able to manipulate the pieces involved and complex enough to challenge their minds. To start our activity I would take thin pieces of wood about 10Ãâ€"10 inches. I would outline a very simple drawing of different animals on the pieces of wood. The children can use the parquet shapes to fill the animal in, or to trace the outline of the animals. The animals would require 7 – 10 shape pieces to complete. This activity would interest the children because of the puzzles and the animal shapes. The constructive play would develop several skills such as hand/eye coordination and mental activity. The children would also be learning about different animals and their parts, like legs, heads and bodies. It also provides a small step towards the next level of play, symbolic play, by mimicking animals out of other materials. Part BMaria Montessori believed that children are internally motivated to interact with the world. She believed that children’s play was a waste of time they could be using to learn. The activity with Frobel’s parquet gifts would use the same animal outlines on the thin 10Ãâ€"10 inch pieces of wood but they would be hollowed out to create the depression of the animal. By adding small knobs to the shape pieces it would teach the children the correct way to hold a pencil. Together these make the puzzles themselves self correcting and keep the children using the activity in the way it was designed. Montessori believed there was only one way to use her education materials. There is a key difference in Fredrick Frobel and Maria Montessori methods. The activity designed for Frobel’s method allows children to create their  own ways to manipulate the pieces, like outlining the puzzle. Since his method was not self correcting it requires more thought to keep the pieces in the right area when adding another piece. Montessori’s method was much more stringent, while she believed children learned by natural exploration she didn’t allow materials to be used other than the designated way. Scenario 2: Learning Activity 1, Pet ParadePet parade is a learning activity where children make pet masks and take turns describing their pet and showing the things their pet like to do. Children naturally like to create and draw. Letting the children choose which animal they would like to represent encourages them to use their minds to make decisions. The children would be creating art by cutting, gluing and coloring their masks as well as planning how they will represent their chosen animal. Standing in front of a class full of children gets the up and moving. They would be speaking and encouraged to answer questions about their pet from the other children. This activity is a fun way to further nurture many skills. Learning Activity 2, What’s Different?What’s different is a real life version of the popular spot the difference books. Children take turns covering their faces or putting heads on their desks while the child whose turn it is changes something about his/her appearance. The change doesn’t have to be big, just rolling up a pant leg, put a sock on their hand or perhaps a funny paper mustache. Then the other children uncover their eyes and take turns guessing what’s different. This activity helps the children to learn about taking turns and being the leader. It also gets them up and moving and helps them with problem solving skills. When the children Letters don’t have to be precise and artistic; they should be fairly constant and readable. They should not float like a balloon or sink below the line and should be formed from the top and not the bottom. Practice forming letters with letter formation drills promotes reading and writing for all children. Children with a visual impairment may have the materials modified. Use brightly colored pens with a black contrasting paper. Enlarge all workbook pages and lined paper, double lines work well for children with visual impairment. For children with epilepsy traditional approaches need to be modified. Some student struggle with motor skills as a result of their epilepsy and they are especially vulnerable to inattention and work incompletion. Further breaking down the letters into simpler steps has been proven to promote writing skills in a child with epilepsy. A few easy steps can be taken to ensure the classroom is suitable for hearing impaired students. When possible, turn off equipment that creates background noises, such as fans and projectors, when not in use. Eliminating extra noise helps students with hearing impairments focus on the class lecture and assignments. Remember that hearing aids amplify every sound, including tapping pencils and air conditioners. Area rugs and heavy curtains can also eliminate a great deal of extraneous noise. Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, especially those with the inattentive subtype, may take longer to process information. Be sure to give them extended time to complete their assignments. Practice letters that  are similarly formed (l/t/I; c/d; v/w), and work on those that are more frequently used — s, m, r — before he tries those less commonly found in words — j, q, z. Engage in different sensory methods for letter formation such as sand, or on an iPad white board using their finger. Scenario 4- Cause, technique, solution and reason: Temper TantrumCause: Connor wants attention. Guidance Technique: Ignore negative behavior. Appropriate Solution: Move to the other side of the room until Connors tantrum is over and then invite him to sit beside you while you read a story. Praise him for sitting beside you nicely. Reason: By ignoring the negative behavior and giving attention to the positive behavior it will effectively stop the tantrums. â€Å"Mommy, don’t go!†Cause: Insecure attachment Guidance Technique: Encouragement Appropriate Solution: Encourage Angela to play with her favorite toy or read a book when she is dropped off in the morning; also speak to Angela’s mother about becoming a secure base and not leaving without saying goodbye to help Angela acclimate. Reason: Positive support and encouragement can help the transition to a new place easier. BullyCause: Power Guidance Technique: Restructure and Reinforce Appropriate Solution: Restructure the environment so there are fewer opportunities for bullying. Help Jenny realize she has power over her decision by letting her choose and activity and choosing to play with someone instead of taking over. Reinforce positive behavior when she makes the right choice. Reason: Restructuring the environment will provide an assurance of protection to the other children while reinforcing Jenny’s positive behavior shows her that you respect her decisions and care and care for her while paying attention.

International Finance & Financial Management Essay

International Finance & Financial Management - Essay Example Part 1 Shareholders’ and stakeholders’ value: Freeman, Harrison, Wicks, Parmar, & Colle (2010) observe that the primary objective for any business is to maximize its shareholders’ value as well as stakeholders’ value. The increase in shareholders’ value primarily results from the growth in the business with growth in top-line (sales revenue) and also increase in the bottom-line (profit). The shareholders of the organization contribute equity capital to the organization, which is required by the organization to grow and develop its business. So it is highly important that the organization provides maximum possible return to its equity shareholders. A company takes part in growth strategy by taking the path of acquisition, by venturing into completely new areas and also in new business basically to help the business grow thereby contributing to the growth in its profit. This helps in generating effective returns for its shareholders who are considered the owner of the organization. The company should basically look at value maximization of its shareholders and provide for the risk being taken by the shareholders’ in proving capital to the organization. The stakeholders of a company comprise all the participants who take effective part in the operation of the company. The stakeholders primarily include the customers who are the most important part of any organization, the suppliers of raw materials, the creditors, the employees, the community, the Government, the environment and even the shareholders’ who are directly affected by the business activities. (Freeman, Harrison, Wicks, Parmar, Colle, 2010, pp.128-131) Potential value of Synergies due to Acquisition: In recent times there has been a rapid increase in Mergers and acquisition activities. Companies are taking part in these activities effectively to enhance the business growing opportunities contributing to increase in shareholders’ wealth. Bosecke (20 09) and Hunt (2009) observe that there is a set of complex reasons, which drive a firm to promote M&A activities. The Efficiency Theory clearly elucidates the main goal of M&A activities is to exploit synergies where synergy is basically the increased operational performance as a result of combined entity than that of single isolated firms. There may be positive synergies when the net combined effect of synergy produces more value than individual firms and if the synergy is not effective it causes negative synergy. There may be other synergies like Financial, operational and managerial synergies. The financial synergy basically results from lower cost, which calls for investment in unrelated business, which effectively reduces the systematic risk for the organization. Moreover capital costs can be reduced when the company grows in size and have access to cheaper capital. Sometimes larger companies basically venture outside to raise cheaper capital, as the cost of raising capital in countries like USA, Japan etc is very low. The companies, which are involved in mergers and acquisition internationally, can access the stock markets of those countries and in that case they have to comply with the specifications and regulations binding the process of accessing the international markets. This promotes international acquisition. The managerial synergy basically results when one less technically and functionally developed company derive benefit after getting merged with one technically and f