Dtlls - Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Dtlls Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay Coursework 1 – Reflective Account of Peer Assessment Activity Within this piece of work I will be reflecting on an assessment activity used by a peer whilst I was observing their lesson for A-level psychology. The learners were all aged 17-19 and the lesson was on theories of depression and was a revision session for learners before their exams the following month. The assessment activity was an informal formative assessment where the students were placed into groups of two or three learners and were then given an area of the subject matter, the learners then had to create revision notes as a group on a piece of flipchart paper using their own notes and text books. The learners were then given 15 minutes to revise these notes, once this time was up the tutor then asked the learners to all find a new partner and then teach their revised notes to their peer. The ‘tutor’ peer would try to give all their key notes without looking at the flipchart, but some learners were allowed when they got stuck on certain points. The ‘student’ peer would have to take written notes to aid with their revision. The learners would then swap in their pairs and the roles would be reversed, after both learners had shared their revision notes they would then swap again to find a new learner to pair with, this process continued until all learners had a full set of revision notes for the subject. Brown et al on the subject of assessment ‘validity’ state ‘It is often described as the match between what is intended to be measured and what is measured.’ (Brown et al., 1997, p.239). I believe this activity was very valid as it allowed the tutor to assess the notes the learners would be revising from for a summative exam in the future. The aims of this assessment were explained in full detail and the learners understood what was expected of them from this activity. The point of the activity was for peer learning to take place to aid revision in the subject of theories of depression; this was definitely achieved by the end of the lesson as every learner had a full set of revision notes on each aspect of the subject confirming the validity of the assessment. The students were in charge of creating their own notes in each group and then passing these notes onto their peers, this does cause some reliability issues as with all learners some students may have put more effort into their revision notes than others. Therefore you may get a learner who has put as much information into his or hers notes as possible giving a vast amount of knowledge on a certain area of the subject and they may then  receive from a peer basic knowledge of another area of the subject. Reece and Walker talk of ‘reliability’ as ‘the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure.’ (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.348), I believe this method of assessment does not consistently measure but the tutor did circulate the classroom at all times aiding learners if they were finding it hard to put key points down on paper. This method does however aid differentiation as less able learners were given the chance to gain knowledge of the subject from more able learners. The more able learners also had the chance to practice and develop their subject knowledge aiding revision in the class. Word Count: 520 References Brown, G., Bull, J. and Pendlebury, M. (1997) Assessing Students Learning in Higher Education. Oxon, p.239. Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Education Publishers Ltd, p.321. Coursework 2 Assessment Information within own Organisation Assessment information within my own organisation is recorded from the beginning of a learner joining the college. Every potential student as part of the interview stage takes part in a minimum core assessment; this is a basic screening test to assess the student’s literacy and numeracy skills. This initial assessment allows us to correctly place the learner on the right level of course. These results are placed in the college database, following the enrolment of each learner the minimum core results form a group differentiation profile for each class; put together by the course leader. This profile is used by the tutor so they can differentiate learning tasks and understand individual learner’s needs from the very beginning. Once the course commences formative assessments are created by the tutor and used in each lesson. Each learner receives feedback from these assessments and if needed, targets can be set so the learner is clear on what is expected of them. Validity and reliability of assessments used during a course are checked at regular standardisation meetings within curriculum teams, these take place to sample marking of formative and summative theory assessments. Allowing tutors to internally verify samples of learners work so all tutors  in the department are consistent in their marking. Reece and Walker explain ‘validity’ as ‘how well the test measures what it is supposed to measure† (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.321). Within these meetings the team will also evaluate and create formative and summative assessments for future use; a chance to share good practice. The meetings are also used to discuss practical assessments as different tutors can have differing views on as sessment criteria; this aids the reliability of the assessments. Summative assessments are entered on a standardised tracking document which every tutor in the department can access. Updating this tracking document then enables each tutor or the head of department to see the progress of every learner helping to identify any ‘at risk’ students who may need more attention or end up not completing the course. This document is shared with the learners; they can see what still needs to be achieved to gain their qualification and how far they have come in terms of progression, this aids motivation in the classroom and also a sense of achievement to see how much they have already completed. The learners have logbooks provided by the awarding body VTCT, this is where tutors record all practical summative assessment and sign off to say they have met the criteria set by VTCT. The logbook is used by the learner to build a portfolio of consultations forms and photographs from practical’s, written assignments and any online tests the learner has to complete during the course. The college also uses Pro-Monitor a computerised package which tutors can record individual learner progress and set targets for learners to achieve by a certain time. Learners can access Pro-Monitor and input individual targets they wish to achieve, it can also show them graphs and visual aids on how much of their qualification they have achieved, this is brilliant for more visual learners who may find written feedback harder to understand. These different ways of recording assessment information are vital in enabling tutors to identify when students are falling behind and planning for future development, a side effect of not using these implements could be learners nearing the end of their course without completing assessments that are mandatory. References Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning- a Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Edition Publishers, p.321. Coursework 3 – Evaluation of Assessment Activities Assessment is defined by Gravells and Simpson as ‘a measure of learning, at a given point in time. Relevant skills, knowledge and/or attitudes can be measured towards a subject or qualification.’ (Gravells and Simpson, 2008). There are three main types of assessment; initial, formative and summative; these types of assessment can then be informal in the way of crosswords, gapped hand-outs, quizzes, discussions and journals or they can be formal in the way of exams, assignments, tests and observations. Formative assessment, used properly, is such an integral part of the teaching and learning process that it could be argued that it shouldn’t even be called assessment. When we consider teaching and learning methods, many of them – questioning, case studies, and projects – are also assessment methods used as learning checks. Scales states ‘Assessment for learning is based on the belief that everyone can learn and formative assessment is a key strat egy to help learners improve and develop’ (Scales, 2010) With this in mind the first assessment activity to be evaluated is a crossword used as an informal summative assessment. Crosswords are a simple and easy way of assessing learner’s knowledge during a unit. Crosswords can be uploaded to the college interactive website ‘cloud’, learners can then download the activity as a form of homework or as an extension task during directed studies. These can then be handed in to the tutor for marking. A more effective method is to use a crossword as learning check during a lesson; once the learners have completed the crossword they can then discuss as a group the answers. The tutor can also use extended questioning, asking more able learners to explain in more depth an answer to help aid differentiation. Feedback from learners suggests that crosswords are a challenging way of testing knowledge and encourages the learners to look at subject matter in different ways without having to sit tests all the time, which can be very daunting for certain learners. Something gained from feedback from a group of level 1’s, is that because a majority of the learners have learning needs which affects their literacy; they find the crossword in itself challenging to complete. To overcome this it has been noted that providing learners with a word bank of key words for each unit has helped in completing such tasks as  crosswords, as the learner still needs to know which word they are looking for but aids in developing their spelling for the future. Feedback is the most important part of formative assessment; research suggests that immediate oral feedback is the most effective, whether this is done by one on ones or as a group discussion. The feedback provided should be developmental and make the learners extend their thinking and learning to a higher level and should also focus on positive points first before moving onto more ‘developmental’ area’s for the learner to consider. By conducting formative assessment it can ensure that the teacher gains a full understanding of the learners existing capabilities so that realistic goals can then be set and additional support if needed can be organised. With this feedback individual targets can then be created for each learner and placed on the college Pro-Monitor system where the learners can access their targets as and when needed to see how they are developing in the course. Learners are also encouraged to create their own personal targets on Pro-Monitor, using feedback from formative assessments it allows learners to realise key strengths and weaknesses to help in creating these targets. The use of this feedback is very much like the idea of ‘scaffolding’, Bruner (Wood et al., 1976) coined this term in the 1950’s and believed using a more knowledgeable other to challenge the learner to achieve more by providing ‘scaffolding’ to help them climb to higher levels. Learners in dialogue with teachers can see where they want to reach but initially may need help in the form of questions, prompts and pointers to get there. Summative assessment is the assessment of learning and it leads to the gaining of qualifications and grades. Weeden suggests ‘Summative assessment is a snapshot judgement that records what a learner can do at a particular time.’ (Weeden et al., 2002, p.19) This process of qualification is important for learners and it is good to keep in mind the emotional aspects and design of assessment in relation to validity and reliability. With this in mind the second assessment activity to be evaluated is a practical observation used as a formal summative assessment. Practical observations are used throughout all 3 NVQ levels in beauty therapy as the subject is extremely vocationally based. Beauty therapy NVQ’s are broken down into units, for each unit there will be practical assessments that have to be completed at the end of the unit, where the learner is observed and assessed by the teacher. VTCT are  the awarding body for the beauty therapy NVQ’s and they set out the practical assessment criteria for each unit, this criteria is printed in the learners logbooks which is where each assessment is signed off if a pass has been achieved. To aid the reliability of the practical assessments all beauty lecturers at the college come together at standardisation meetings where the criteria is discussed in detail and a learner marking sheet is created which includes each of the areas the learner has to meet to gain a pass in the assessment. If this was not done each teacher could interpret the assessment criteria in different ways therefore learners would not be assessed fairly and reliably. Petty states ‘the same examiner should give the same mark if they unknowingly mark a script twice on different days’ (Petty, 2009), using standardisation this means that even with practical based assessments the results should always be the same. To help learners during practical assessments learning outcomes are written on the whiteboard to highlight key points they will need to show competency in or do to achieve a pass in the assessment. During the observation the teacher will also ask questions to the learners to help achieve the unit criteria, this is also where differentiation of the learners can take place as more able learners will be asked more open-ended and higher order questions then less able learners who will be asked standard criteria questions. The use of cameras in practical assessments is something that is still fairly new and is being experimented with but does seem to show some success. As part of the observation learners have to keep their working area clean and tidy and show due regard for health and safety, the teacher can now take pictures of each learners working area before the assessment takes place and then at the commencement of the assessment. With regards to practical assessments like nail art, make-up and face painting the finished article can also be documented by a photo that the learner can then be used in their own portfolio to be sent to the awarding body. From these pictures the teacher can then feedback to the learner at the end of the assessment any positive points of the practical and also any areas that the learner would need to further develop, the learner can then have these pictures as a visual aid to understand how they can improve for the next assessment and also works as a good revision aid for the future. Another approach to embrace ICT in assessments is to video learners assessments so they can themselves evaluate  and feedback on client care and professionalism during their observation. It has been noted that using cameras in practical observations has been received well by the learners, they have commented that it brings a new dimension to receiving feedback and allows them to visualise areas they need to focus on improving and reinforces the assessment criteria for them too. Feedback from practical observation is given individually immediately after the learners assessment, feedback is given verbally with key points both positive and ones for development are written on the bottom of the consultation form the learner completed during the assessment (these consultation forms also go into the learners portfolio). Practical assessments can leave a lot to interpretation by the teacher so it is important the practical marking sheet is filled in during the observations and a pass or fail is determined by how many of the boxes the learner showed competence in, depending on which level the learner is currently studying determines the number of criteria they need to meet. Learners can feel very nervous and daunted by practical assessments at the beginning of the year as it the proverbial ‘unknown’, formative practical assessments do help to calm learners worries as they are a ‘trial run’ of the summative assessment, also setting out some time to explain and discuss the unit assessment criteria and what will be expected of them from this. During the practical observations themselves the use of cameras also seems to help learners forget the formalness of the observation and relax into the assessment. In conclusion all assessment methods should be a positive contribution to learning and good assessment activities are important to aiding teaching. However assessments are only worthwhile if they assist the learner and teacher to move through the learning outcomes of the unit, otherwise it is irrelevant. Designing assessment activities which stretch the learner’s abilities and promotes their development is a skill that comes with experience and understanding of the current learners on your course and it is definitely something that will always be tweaked and changed throughout your career. Word Count: 1,594 References Gravells, A. and Simpson, S. (2008) Planning and enabling Learning in the Lifelonf Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning matters, p.50. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today – A practical guide. 4th ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Scales, P. (2010) Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education, p.180. Weeden, P., Winter, J. and Broadfoot, P. (2002) Assessment: Whats in it for schools?. London: Routledge Falmer, p.19. Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. In: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry., pp.89-100.

Relationships :: essays research papers

Relationships are impossible, or are they? Why is it that most relationships don’t work? Man meets woman, they date, move in together, get married, have kids and then divorce. This is what most relationships are nowadays. What causes a relationship to fall apart, what relationships you should get out of and are there such things as soul mates. Most people believe that their relationship isn’t like others. They don’t have problems. These kinds of people also think that their partner won’t cheat on them or do anything wrong. But the truth is that almost all relationships won’t last forever. A few reasons relationships fall apart are if one partner cheats, they lose interest in each other, lack of communication which causes problems, if you try to change someone and it backfires, and if you hide something you should have told the other person and then they find out about it later. In a relationship you can tell when you’re losing interest in each other. Some signs are that you don’t talk much with each other, you don’t spend time together anymore instead its spent with your friends away from home. Some signs to tell if the other person in the relationship is cheating is by the person starts to come home from work later then they usually do, they start to smell like perfume that neither of you have, when you confront them about cheating they get all nervous and deny it, when you ask them why they’ve been coming home late from work lately they makeup stupid excuses. And they say there going somewhere but when you phone to see if they are there they aren’t. If you’re in a relationship and the person does any of these things your relationship could be falling apart. Should you leave or stay in an abusive relationship? The answer to this question as you should know it is leave as soon as you can. The reason you should leave an abusive relationship is because if you don’t, you could end up hurt. Most of the time when a person is in this kind of a position they are too scared to leave it because they think the one who is abusing will hurt them more. In some cases they could that’s why its important to leave. Another thing about people who are in this position is that if you suspect they are being abused and you confront them about it they will deny it and change the subject. A few other signs of someone being abused is if they always

Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in Laguna

We visited the plant of Gardenia and Pepsi Cola in Laguna. We arrived at Pepsi Cola’s plant first, in which they explain the process of production of their products then had a chance to tour the plant. From Pepsi Cola’s plant, we had a stop over at SM Sta. Rosa for a few hours then to Gardenia’s plant. There, we saw the production of their products by explaining the process first then saw in actual the step-by-step process of manufacturing their bread. In Pepsi Cola’s plant, we only visited the part of the plant in which bottles of their products are located. I found it needless because I expect that we could observe concretely the necessary procedures on how Pepsi products are made or from direct materials to finish goods. But we only saw the bottles and already packed products. I also found their plant unclean for products are unorganized plus lack of ventilation. Similar essay: Gardenia Distribution Strategy I like Gardenia’s plant better. They designed their plant in a way that there is an auditorium to present clearly and comfortably the manufacturing process of their products, which were intended for visitors. Also, there is a place for viewing the actual production procedure. I also like the ambiance and how staffs welcome and entertain visitors at Gardenia’s plant. If I will rank our plant visit as 10 being the highest, it will be 6. Because I didn’t find it much useful in our course except the fact that compared to my previous visit, at least, I was able to relate more with what I saw like some notes posted on their walls. Also, I was able to appreciate the visit more for we already discussed topics relating to manufacturing companies.

The Modern World - 1786 Words

Europe has federal, multi-regional and multinational identities. The transmission of the religious ideologies of Europe has been essential to the development of the continent as both a practical and an imagined idea. The formation of these characterizations is complex, but music is a practical way to better understand the traditional, functional and socio-historical underpinnings that have formed the tapestry of European identity. Gregorian chant is musically and culturally significant to the evolution of historical Europe. It was widely considered to be a central component in worship services and spiritual conversion, also employing the official language of the Holy Roman Empire, Latin. Ubiquitous usage paved the way for standardized†¦show more content†¦Since sacred music was the dominant musical genre of the era, Gregorian chants enjoyed massive public appeal. Its popularity also allowed it to be used successfully by the church as a religious conversion tool; furthermore, Gregorian chant was of particular importance in the transmission of Christian doctrine, and the formation and eventual expansion of the Holy Roman Empire throughout historical Europe. The plainchants of the Middle Ages, the Gregorian chants, in particular, are the historical progenitors of our westernized musical traditions: common language, form/notation, and cultural transmission. Pepin the Short, and his son Charlemagne, understood that the proliferation of this new musical cannon would be bolstered through the application of universal components such as language. Originally, liturgies were spoken in regional dialects and languages, but in the late eighth century, the first Carolingian monarch, Pepin the Short, had been credited by his son Charlemagne for initiating the streamline of music’s ecclesiastical language. According to music scholar, Kenneth Levy, â€Å"the purpose was to have a single, nominally Roman, repertory sung throughout Europe† (â€Å"Carolingians† 7). The church soon appreciated theShow MoreRelatedModern Philosophy Of The Modern World And The External World1157 Words   |  5 PagesLauren Estes Modern Philosophy Prof. Corsa As humans, I do not think we know as much as we think we know. â€Å"Perhaps this is the reason why in matters of Philosophical research some claim to have discovered the truth, while others declare that finding it is an impossibility, and other are still seeking it† (SE Handout 31). The word â€Å"truth† in this quote is ambiguous. I believe that we will spend the rest of eternity seeking the truth. The truth can mean many things to many different people. What isRead MoreThe Modern World2365 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many challenges in the modern world. 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Current generations of Americans were most likely introduced to the concept of Alchemy in American literature such as in works by Shakespeare (Alchemy in Art). Many of these books actually portrayed real characters such as Nicholas Flamel, a real alchemist in the 13th and 14th century. There are some hidden truths in these Alchemical fictions but not much else. They are most often fictional worlds where wizards weave spells. Alchemy

Jackson s Resolution The Indian Question - 1520 Words

Jackson’s Resolution to the Indian Question When European people began to settle in North America, one of the major issues they experienced was learning to coexist with the Native Americans. The Spanish conquistadors first sought to exploit the Native peoples. In contrast, the English settlers wanted to convert and civilize the Native people. Both conquers and settlers did not see a solution in allowing Native people to live as they had before the discovery of America. This was a major factor in the discourse between the Native Americans and the European settlers. In turn, Andrew Jackson believed that the Native Americans should be relocated to Oklahoma in order to reach a resolution that would both benefit the American Republic and the Native Americans. His decision was influenced greatly by previous European settlers and their experiences with Native people. One of the first questions to be addressed when interacting with Native Americans is the question of their rights. Upon arrival to America, the conquistadors believed the Native Americans were too weak to take care of the land and themselves. Spaniard, Juan Ginà ©s de Sepà ºlveda described the Native Americans to be weak, simple minded, and slaves by nature. He compares the relationship between the conquistadors and the Natives to that of a father over his wife and children (de Sepà ºlveda, 63). Comparing Native American to children implies that they are incapable of taking care of themselves and their own affairs. In beingShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Us And Indian Communities Of North America1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe US in the 1830s debated the relationship between the US and Indian communities of North America. The principles calling for equal rights and political democracy of the people in America were in contradiction with the principles the US was initially a gainst. 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Nevertheless, one incident in the antiquity of White-Indian interactions is, in many ways, distinct, and founds one of the nation’s shadiest moments: the aggressive and forced removal of thousands of Cherokee peoples from their ancestral birthplace in the Southern highlands of Georgia from 1 838 to 1839. Known today as â€Å"The Trail of Tears,† following their evictionRead MoreEssay Native American Relations with The United States4012 Words   |  17 Pageswill answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six time periods that define clear changes in the relationship between the Native American and the US Government. 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Miles Davis A Musician, Composer, And Genius - 2229 Words

Joseph Small Mrs. Galaviz English 12 15 March 2015 Biography of Miles Davis Miles Dewey Davis III was a musician, composer, and genius. Davis wrote a large portion of the music he played, and he did not care what people thought about his music. â€Å"Do not fear mistakes, there are none† (Davis 29). The amount of skill Davis must have had to keep on creating new, original, different music is far beyond many people. Davis is one of the main contributing factors to change jazz. He alone made his own style, called the â€Å"Cool Jazz† genre (Scarborough 26). Davis is surely one of the reasons I believe jazz is here to stay for a long time, and Davis thought so, too. In Davis’ life, he has done many great things and experienced some good things as well†¦show more content†¦Davis’ father taught Davis many things. None of the things Davis’ father taught Davis was the trumpet, but one thing was how to keep track of money by not giving Davis the correct amount and making Davis count all the money. That was a lesson that Da vis’ father learned from Davis’ grandfather. Davis and Davis’ father both thought this was a cruel way to learn because if the money was not counted, they would have lost $50 or so, which was a lot of money back then. Davis’ mother wanted Davis to play the violin when he was thirteen. Instead, Davis’ father got Davis a trumpet. Needless to say, Davis’ mother was not too happy with that (Chambers 25). Soon after, Davis got his first trumpet. Davis’ father hired a personal tutor to teach Davis. Later in Davis’ childhood, one of his friends’ houses burnt down. Davis’ friend did not survive the fire, and Davis saw the corpse, barely recognizing it (Szwed 14). Aside from that tragedy, Davis claims his life as a child was not cluttered with noise like it was when his children were born (Merod 11). Ever since Davis heard â€Å"Bird† playing, Davis has been in love with jazz. (Michael 19) Music has always been in D avis’ life. Ever since Davis first heard some good jazz, music has been â€Å"all up in his body† (Lambe 19). Davis did not believe that jazz would ever go out of style. â€Å"I never thought jazz was supposed to be a museum piece like other dead things once considered artistic† (Davis 35). When Davis got his trumpet, he

The Organizational Management Concentrates On Maintain Healthy

Question: What Is CATLEX How Do Covers Almost All The Area Of Oil And Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction: CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is one of the renowned fuel companies. It is known as one of the profit making organization which is listed in ASX. It is an autonomous organization. Being one of the leading names in the fuel industry, CATLEX possesses huge workforce with 3000 employees. According to some reports, CATLAX delivers fuel to one third of the total transport of Australia. CATLAX maintains a strong chain of supply with all its suppliers. The chainman of CATLAX, the primary motive of the organization is to serve its consumers with quality service. CATLAX deals in all over Australia (caltex.com.au 2017). The below mentioned article has focused on the organizational function of CATLAX AUSTRALIA LIMITED. It has enlightened all the external factor that influences the organizational functions of CATLAX. It has focused on the key competitors of CATLAX and discussed about the sustainability performance of the organization. General Business Environment: Headquarter of the CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is situated in Australia. The organization is known for its uninterrupted and efficient service. The organization deals with high quality fuel. Although, the organization is mainly based on Australia, it covers a large geographic area. It provides quality lubricants to various parts of the world. According to many reports CATLEX serves more than 70,000 customers in all over the world (Davey 2015). The organization possesses a rich background. The idea of CATLEX has been generated in early 1990, from where the organization has started its journey to provide efficient and effective service to its consumers. The chairman of the organization, Greig Gailey and the CEO of the organization Julian Segal has stated that the main motive of the organization is to provide quality service to the consumers by strengthening inner capability of the organization. The organization CATLEX covers almost all the area of oil and gas industry. It provides various petrochemical and refinery product to its consumers. The organizational management always encourages its employees to participate in the organizational function in an appropriate manner (Smith 2016). CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is a retail industry that deals with various retailers to provide high quality fuel. People who use various kinds of vehicles are the primary customers of CATLEX. Various manufacturing companies are also important client of the CATLEX. The organizational management of CATLEX believes in maintaining healthy and interactive relation with all the customers. They consider customers as a key element of the organization. They aim at providing high quality and efficient product to all the customers. Competitors: The market competitiveness in the fuel industry is growing high day by day. Every fuel company is incorporating new and innovative strategies to influence the growth of the organization. There are many competitors of CATLEX that are giving tough competition to the organization, such as- EXXON Mobil Corporation, Royal Dutch Shell PLC and BP PLC. EXXON Mobil Corporation: EXXON Mobile Corporation is one of the renowned oil and gas organizations. It offers almost all the products of oil and gas industry, such as- exploration, production, transportation and marketing. According to many reports, it possesses 24.7 barrels. It has many refineries in various part of the world. It covers a huge market share of the oil and gas industry of Australia. Royal Dutch Shell PLC: Royal Dutch Shell PLC is considered as larger than other leading companies of oil and gas industry. It covers a large geographic area to provide its service. It has 44,000 gas stations. It is known for producing refinery products in its thirty refineries. It covers almost all the sectors of oil and gas industry. It produces natural gas, renewable energy, electricity, trade gas and so on. It is one of the huge profit making gas and oil companies. BP PLC: Another major competitor of CATLEX Australia Limited is BP PLC. It is one of the leading names in the oil and gas industry of Australia as well as the whole world. It is known for exploring oil and gas from 28 different country of world. It is considered as the largest oil producer of United States. It is known for producing petrochemicals. It covers a large geographic area. It provides its products and services to fifty different countries of the world. It holds a large amount of market share in the Australian Oil and Gas Company. Market Share: According to many reports, CATLEX holds 18% share of the total Australian oil and gas industry. On the other hand BP possesses 15 % share. EXXON holds 16% share and Shell has 13% share. Analysis: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that CATLEX has owned a large number of market share of the Australian oil and gas industry by providing quality and efficient product and services. The organizational management wants to draw the attention of large number of consumers by improving organizational performance. However, there is no monopoly in the market. There are many competitors in the market that are giving tough competition to CATLEX. They are following the footsteps of the organization to set an example in the oil and gas industry. CATLEX is known for providing its products and service in reasonable price, thus all people from various income groups can avail it. The organization provides a wide range of products to its potential consumers, such as- refinery products, renewable energy. The organization promotes the use of renewable energy which is highly beneficial for the growth of the organization as well as for protecting the environment from the effect of global warming. Production Costs and Scales: The production cost of CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED is approximately $133 per barrel. The organizational management focuses on the production cost of the organization. In order to maintain the growth of the organization, every business organization needs to provide quality product in reasonable price. The organizational management of CATLEX maintains strong relation with all its raw material suppliers to ensure uninterrupted flow of high quality raw material. It is highly beneficial for controlling the product price. To earn desired position in the industry and maintain healthy relation with the employee, it has become very important for CATLEX to provide efficient service in an affordable price. It helps the organization to defeat the rival companies (Huang and Hong 2015). Macro Business Environment: PESTEL Factors: There are various external factors that influence the growth of every business organization, such as- political, environmental, economic, technical, social and legal. Political and Legal Factors: Being one of the renowned oil and Gas Company of Australia, CATLEX AUSTRALIA LIMITED often faces various political and legal issues. To control any business organization successfully, the business organization must maintain healthy relation with the local government. There are many factors, such as- labor law, taxation policy and political certainty that influence the growth of the organization. The organizational management of CATLEX must consider these factors while designing organizational structure. Political instability works as a threat for the business organization (Wilson 2016). CATLEX often faces various legal issues as well. To run the business organization the organizational management deals with various legal problems. The development of the organization can be exploited due to the rise of any legal issue, such as- social protection, consumers rights and human rights and so on. The oil and gas companies often meets with various legal issues due to rise of rival companies. The rival companies often try to copy the organizational strategy of each other. This leads the organization to faces various legal issues (Standen et al. 2016). Economical Factor: Oil and gas companies put a strong impact on the economic infrastructure of the country. Oil and gas companies influence the economy of the country by exporting huge oil and gas and other petro chemicals products in the global market. Economic instability of the country puts a significant impact on the growth of the organization as well (Walton and Fitzsimons 2015). Social Factor: Oil and Gas Company often faces various kinds of social barriers. It plays crucial role in the growth of the organization. According to some reports, the oil and gas company are the villain of the society. This sector is considered as the major reason for global warming. It leads the oil and gas organization to face various obstacles. The organizational management of CATLEX must consider the factor while establishing the organizational structure. In order to operate any business organization successfully, the organizational management must maintain healthy relation with the society. CATLEX management must incorporate some effective CSR strategies to establish a healthy relation with the society (McGrail and Riedy 2015). Technological Factors: The emergence of the new and innovative technology has transformed the organizational structure of the oil and gas company. It influences the growth of the organization. CATLEX often faces various obstacles due to the rise of new and unique technologies. The rival companies of the CATLEX are incorporating modern technologies to influence the productivity of the organization; it leads CATLEX to face tough competition (Standen et al. 2016). Environmental Factors: Environmental factors plays crucial role in the growth of the CATLEX. The growth of the organization can be harmed due to various natural calamities. There are various kinds of natural calamities, such as- storm, earth quake, sand storm, flood that can harm the growth of the organization. The occurrence of any natural calamity can harm the organizational function. Sustainability Practice of CATLEX: In order to maintain transparent and strong relation with the local community, the organizational management of CATLEX has introduced many CSR strategies to provide support to the community building and the people around the organization. CATLEX is known for its environment and sustainability practice. They have taken various remarkable initiatives to help society (Musk et al. 2017). According to the organizational management of CATLEX, the negative impact of the oil and gas company cannot be avoided. Instead of ignoring the real issues of the environment the organizational management has focused on resolving the issues. The organization often conducts various social awareness campaigns to make people aware of the harmful effect of the global warming. The organizational management of CALTEX encourages people to adopt modern and improved lifestyle to beat the effect of global warming and environmental pollution (Savic et al. 2016). The organizational management has concentrated on providing quality and safe product to the consumers. They always use quality raw material for their production purpose. They always encourage their employees to participate in the organizational procedure, so they can provide efficient and effective service to the potential customers. The organizational management of CATLEX always encourages their employees to avoid such practices that can be harmful for the environment. The organizational management includes all efficient and modern techniques to avoid the harmful effect of Oil and Gas Company (Ramsay 2015). The organizational management believes in zero garbage policy and 3 R policies to protect the atmosphere to meet a deadly consequence due to harmful effect of oil and gas production. The organizational management ensures that the production firms produce zero garbage and reuse all the wastes. The organizational management has concentrated on producing renewable energy. By producing renewable energy they can provide sufficient support to the society. It will be helpful for the locality and the local people around the organization (White 2016). The organizational management of CATLEX has incorporated health and safety policy into their rulebook. It is important for every business organization to ensure health and safety of the employees. They must provide healthy atmosphere to the employees so they can provide actively participate in the organizational procedure. CATLEX always provide safe environment to their employee (Nicetic, Rae and Van De Fliert 2016). The organizational management of CATLEX include their employees in the decision making process, so they can provide their essential opinion over the issue. To maintain workplace safety the organizational management of CATLEX has introduced various policies like zero tolerance policy, workplace violence policy. The organizational management provides training and development program to the employees so they can adopt new and innovative techniques which will be beneficial for the growth of the organization and maintain workplace safety for the employees as well (Ma et al. 2 015). The organizational management considers employees as the key element of the organization. They often organize fee health check up, eye check up and blood donation camp for the employees. It provides a sense of importance among the employees and increases their dedication level towards the organization. CSR strategies often work as a tool for the organization to stimulate the performance of employees (Limaye, Gill and Flake 2015). The organizational management of CATLEX has integrated environmental safety in the organizational policy. The organizational management often reviews their operation to ensure that none of their practices are affecting atmosphere in a negative manner. The organizational management has often consults with their employees to ensure that they have understood the point of view of the organizational management and they are avoiding all such practices that can harm the environment and the people around the organization (Kaine 2016). The CALTEX management supports the emission of greenhouse gas. They ensure that none of their practices are increasing the margin of the greenhouse gas. The organizational management has promoted the use of biofuels to protect the environment from the harmful effect of fuel. According to the organizational authority of CALTEX, biofuels can play a significant role in the reducing greenhouse gas from the environment. CATLEX serves biofuels in all over eastern Australia. CATLEX is dedicated to produce biofuels (Dissanayake, Xia and Wu 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX aims at supporting the Australian farmers. By using natural products in the production of renewable energy, the organizational management of CALTEX provides sufficient financial support to the farmers. It provides a great opportunity to the farmers to enhance the quality of their life (Porter 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX maintains healthy and interactive relation with its consumers and strong supply chain with its suppliers. The organizational management always is aware of the requirement of its consumers. According to the organizational authority of CALTEX, it is not enough to provide quality service to the consumers; every business organization must focus on the feedback of the consumers. It will be helpful for the organization to provide more efficient service to the consumers (Bischofberger ET AL. 2015). The organizational management of CALTEX uses various communication tools to interact with its consumers and suppliers. They incorporate all the modern technologies to know the feedback of the consumers. It helps the organization to improve the organizational performance as well as it helps the organization to maintain transparent relation with consumers. The organizational management uses various contractual agreements with their suppliers to avoid any kind of future risk. It increases the faith of the suppliers towards the organization. In order to provide quality service to the consumers, it is highly important for every business organization to maintain a strong supply chain management (Cochran 2015). Analysis: As per the discussion, it can be stated that CATLEX plays crucial role in the assuring environmental safety. The business organizational management has taken some remarkable steps to protect the environment from the harmful effect of the green house gas and global warming. It is often evident the organizational management of CATLEX influence their staff members to actively participate in the community development. The organizational management believes in maintaining interactive and friendly relation with the employees and the society. To achieve the desired target, it has become very important for every business organization. By producing renewable energy and supporting Australian farmers the organization has brought revolutionary changes in the oil and gas industry (Australia 2016). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that the CALTEX is one of the leading name in the Australian oil and gas industry. It provides wide range of products to its consumers. It helps the organization to increase profit margin. The primary objective of the organization is to earn huge profit by providing quality service to the consumers. The organizational management of CALTEX participates in the community development as well. They often take part in various social awareness campaigns and provide financial support to the poverty stricken people of the society. 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